Project Main

Introduction

The state of Assam is the land of blue hills and mighty river

Brahmaputra. She is endowed with very rich flora and fauna stock.

Out of 3790 sq.kms of Tinsukia district proximately 854 sq.kms is

covered by forests. Tropical wet evergreen forests ethnic groups

loving in and around the forest uses the forest resources like timer,

herbs shrubs climbers grasses etc in every walks of their life. The

increasing demand for forest wealth love threaded the diversity

forest resources and thus there is need for conservation of the

different plant species in their natural habitual.

Butterflies are on of the many species natural habitat that are found

in Tinsukia district. Butterflies are very one of the most beautiful

species of living organisms that exists on earth, but besides being

an beauty butterfly also have much more importance in the

environment. It is a very good pollution indicator it helps in

pollination of many plants and also it has a lot of importance in the

food web. So this study was undertaken to understand this natural

beauty.

A butterfly is a mainly day-flying insect of the order Lepidoptera,

the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the

butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts, egg, larva, pupa and

adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies have large, often

brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight.

Butterflies comprise the true butterflies (super family

Page: 01

Papilionoidea), the skippers (superfamily Hesperioidea) and the

moth-butterflies (superfamily Hedyloidea). All the many other

families within the Lepidoptera are referred to as moths.

Butterflies exhibit polymorphism, mimicry and aposematism.

Some, like the Monarch, will migrate over long distances. Some

butterflies have evolved symbiotic and parasitic relationships with

social insects such as ants. Some species are pests because in their

larval stages they can damage domestic crops or trees; however,

some species are agents of pollination of some plants, and

caterpillars of a few butterflies (e.g., Harvesters) eat harmful

insects. Culturally, butterflies are a popular motif in the visual and

literary arts.

Thus we can say that this project is tailored to gather information,

understand nature and to create awareness towards conservation

and propagation of the threatened/endangered floral and faunal

species of the region.

Page: 02

Site Selection

For our study on the project we selected the following sites so that

we get an allround impression of the subject of our study ie.

Butterflies.

1. Lakhipathar Reserve Forest Ranger Digboi forest Division.

2. Bogapani Arboretum Digboi.

3. Nazirating Nursery plant for the study of field work of

environmental project.

We have selected these areas keeping in mind the availability of

scope for the study on the topic entitled for us by the department of

our college Digboi College, Digboi. So, as for our selection of site

is concerned it has been suitable for our project work.

Page: 03

Aim of the Study

This study has been conducted keep in mind same species

objectives. They are being pointed below:-

1. To study and understand the Butterflies found in the selected

sites of study, their habits, and factors contributing to their

decrease.

2. To bring consciousness and awareness among the local

people for protection and conservation of indigenous species.

3. To encourage and impart training to local people by

organizing awareness and motivated programs workshops

etc.

4. To facilitate raising plantation of indigenous species and also

multiplication of threatened or endangered species.

5. To bring awareness among the students Colleges, University,

NGO and Public bodies for the protection of tree and forests.

6. To Identity, Conserve, Propagate rare and endangered

species of flora and fauna.

Page: 04

Methodology

In The Survey conducted for the completion of this project some

special methods and material have been used. They are being

discussed in following heads:-

A) MATERIALS:-

1. Salt 2. Cotton3. Notebook to note down main points4. Data Sheet containing

a. Common Name.b. Activity.c. Family.d. Total noe. Scoref. Remarks

5. 2 numbers pen6. Water bottle 7. Digital camera8. Medicines.

a. Band-Aid.b. Vomiting Controlling tablets.

B) METHODS:-

The following methods were adopted during the study for collecting data, so that more information can be collected.

1. Firstly we selected a site for our study consulting our EVS teacher.

Page: 05

2. We planed our trip to the selected sites.3. We divided ourselves into groups for a extensive data

collection.4. We then visited the selected site and carried out our survey

for about over an hour.5. During the survey we observed and recorded the data on the

butterflies of the area under study and recorded the various butterflies found in that area.

6. Besides butterflies we also observed other subjects such as medicinal plants, timber yielding trees, fruit bearing plants, orchids of the area (the data is recorded and included in the report).

7. The collected data were then analyzed and conclusions were drawn.

Page: 06

Findings

We were divided into five groups consisting of 36 students, Each group was given different topics of survey as:

Butterfly, Timber, Medicinal Plants, Orchid, Fruit bearing plants.

As my topic of study is Butterfly from the survey at the forests of Lakhipathar, we have been able to collect some information about the different species of butterfly.

While working on the project we visited the above mentioned study sites, observed and collected data. The following are the various observations during the course of study:

Characteristics of Butterflies:

Butterfly is a insect of the order Lepidoptera, the butterflies and moths. Like other holometabolous insects, the butterfly's life cycle consists of four parts, egg, larva, pupa and adult. Most species are diurnal. Butterflies and moths are insects and like all insects their bodies are made of three fundamental sections; the head, thorax and abdomen. On the head are two large compound eyes, two antennae and a long curled proboscis. Butterflies have large, often brightly coloured wings, and conspicuous, fluttering flight. Butterflies exhibit polymorphism, mimicry and aposematism.

Other main Characteristics:

a. Pollinator of Fruit.b. Indicator of Pollution.c. A good bigamist.d. Food Chain : Lizard -> Bird/Monkey/Anteater other predatory

insects.e. Butterflies have beautiful colours. f. Life cycle is very short.

Page: 07

g. Larva is like caterpillar.h. Eggs - Larva – Pupa (10-15 days) – Adult (Butterfly) (10-60

days)

During the survey we were able to find 18 different kinds of butterflies.

The following table present the data collected during the study:

Table 01: Butterflies.

Sl No. Common Name Family Name Activity Total No.1 Grass Yellow Pieridae Search Fly 42 Gray Pansy Nymphelidea Basking 63 Common Perriot Lycaenidae Basking 14 Chocolate Albatross Pieridae Search Fly 15 Common Grass Yellow Pieridae Nectaring 16 Glassy Tiger Nymphelidea Search Fly 17 Common Castor Nymphelidea Search Fly 18 Common Bush Brown Nymphelidea Resting 19 Punchinello Rhiomidiae Basking 110 Common Gem Lycaenidae Resting 111 Purple Sapphire Lycaenidae Basking 112 Oak Blue Lycaenidae Search Fly 113 Autumn Leaf Nymphelidea Search Fly 114 Striped Albatross Pieridae Basking 115 Peacock Pansy Nymphelidea Basking 1

Apart from collecting data on Butterflies, we observed and collected data on Medicinal plants, Timber yielding trees, Fruit bearing plants, Orchids, Bogapani Arboretum.

Table 02: Medicinal Plants.

Sl no. Common name Botanical name Part used Used for/as

1 Amla Emblica Officinalis Seeds (fruit) Hair vitaliser, skin vitaliser blood purification.

2 Bhomora Terminalia Bellirica Seeds (fruit)

3 Silikha Terminalia Chebula Seeds (fruit)4 Narasingha Murrya Kaenigil Leaf

5 Arjun Terminalia Arjuna Bark

Curing heart disease.

Sl no. Common name Botanical name Part used Used for/as

6 Tubuki lota Cissampelas Pareira Leaf & root Controlling fever & urinal stone.

7 Sagunilata Tinospora Cordifolia Stem Bone pain killer.8 Chalmugora Hydnocarpus Kurzii Bark Cures skin disease & leprosy.9 Sika moralia Stellarea Media Leaf Cures skin disease.10 Olot kambal Abroma Augusta Leaf Health vitamin.

11 Rudrakshya Elaecarpus Sphaericus Seed Initiates mind concentration, improves poor health.

12 Tezmui Zanthoxylum Nitidum Stem & root Cures toothache controls fertility.

13 Touch me not Mimosa Pudica Root Cures toothache tonsillitis.14 Makhiyoti Hlemingia Strabilifera Leaf Cures skin disease.15 Bandor Kekuwa Mukuna Pruriens Seeds Increase of sex.

16 Bor manimuni Centella Asiatica Whole plant body

Cures abdominal pain controls indigestion.

17 Horu manimuni Hydrocotyle Sibthorpioids

Whole plant body

Cures abdominal pain controls indigestion.

18 Bon jaluk Hedyotis Diffusa Whole plant body

Cures abdominal pain controls indigestion.

19 Bhebali lota Paeseria Foetida Leaf Cures abdominal pain controls indigestion.

20 Gondhowa bon/gendheli bon Ageratum Conyzoides Leaf Antiseptic.

21 Mahabhringaraj Spilanthus Puniculata Leaf Hair vitaliser.22 Bhringaraj Wedellia Chinenses Leaf Hair vitaliser.

23 Bon pitha Chrysophyllum Lanceolatum Fruit/seeds Cures diseases caused by

worm

24 Chotiyona Alstonia Seholaris Bark Cures diseases caused by worm

25 Sarpagandha Rauwolfia Serpentina Root Controls heart disease

26 Nefafu Clerodendrum Coleabrookiamum Leaf Controls high blood pressure

27 Bhekuri tita Salanum Khasianum Seeds/fruits Cures disease caused by worm28 Bhat Ghila Oroxylum Indium Bark Cures cancer29 Neelkantha Eclobum Linneanum Roof & leaf30 Boga bahak Adhatoda Leaf Curing cough

31 Tita phul Phlogocanthus Thrysiformis Leaf Curing cough, controls

wormal disease.

Page: 08

32 Mochondoi Houttuymina Cordata Leaf Cures indigestion

33 Patihonda Actinodaphni Angustifolia Bark

Controls diabetes and gastric

Sl no. Common name Botanical name Part used Used for/as34 Mejankori Litsea Cubeba Bark & Leaf Body painkiller35 Deeghloti Litsea Salicifolia Leaf Cures Skin disease36 Zomlakhuti Costus Speciosus Rhizome Cures Jaundice37 Chorat Laportea Crenulata Leaf Cures Skin disease38 Tara Alpinia Nigra Rizome Worm Control

39 Keturi halodhi Cureuma Aromatica Rizome Body painkiller, cures skin disease.

40 Satmul Asparagus Recemosus Rizome Health vitamin.

41 Boch Acorus Calamus Rizome Body painkiller, cures skin disease.

42 Chengmora Lasia Spinosa Rizome Cures phistalla, wormal disease.

43 Koliya kochu Colocasia Esculents Rizome Anticeptic, blood purifier.44 Kuji thekera Garcinia kydia Seeds/fruits Cures dysentery.

45 Doodhkhari Hollarhena Antidysentrica Bark Cures dysentery.

46 Huhoni bon - Inflorescence Cures tonsillitis, mouth ulcer.47 Owtenga - Fruit sap Anti dandruff48 Madhoi maloti - Root Cures pneumonia.49 Bor phutukola - Stem Cures mouth ulcer50 Bihlongoni - Leaf Pain killer51 Mahudi lata - Root Cures pneumonia53 Kordoi - Fruit Cures jaundice54 Bon tulkhi - Leaf Cures cold & cough

Table 03: Timber yielding plants.

Sl no. Common name Botanical name Family Economic Importance.

1 Hollong Dipterocarpos DipterocarpacueUsed as timber in

construction for making boat cart bridge etc.

2 Hollock Terminalla Myriocarpa Conbritanceae Use in making plywood &

tea boxes.3 Khokan Duabanga Grandiflora Lythraceae Use in making furniture &

in construction of beams

Page: 09

etc.

4 Pan sopa Michalla Montana Magnoliaceae Use in making high quality furniture.

5 Dhuna Canarium Bengalense BurseraceaeUse as fuel resin extracted is use in creating smoke.

Sl no. Common name Botanical name Family Economic Importance.

6 Jutuli Altingia Bengalense Hamamelidacear Wood commonly use as timber fuel.

7 Makai Shorea Assanica DipterocarpaceaeUse as timber for fuel in construction of beams

poles bridges cart boat etc.

8 Karauj Pongamia Pinnata Fabaceae Use as timber for construction.

9 Gamari Gmelina Arborea VerbenaceaeUse in making furniture

picture frame boxes musicals instruments.

10 Red cader Toona Ciliata Meliaceae Use for furniture tea chest, shuttles cigar boxes.

11 Siris Albizzia Lebbeck FabaceaeUse for making furniture

interior decoration & paneling

12 Kadam Anthocephalus Indicus Use as ceiling board light construction work

13 Shisham Dalberiga Sissoo Fabaceae Use in making high class furniture & cabinet wood

14 Teak Tectona Grandis Verbenaceae Use in making poles bridge beams columns etc.

15 Sat Shorea Robusta DipterocarceaeUse in making poles bridge beams railway

sleepers etc.

Table 04: Orchids.

Sl No. Scientific Name1 Rychostylis Albiflara2 Rymchy Sllisratose3 Obearomia Eridifolia4 Paplea Mamtheters5 Dendrabium Moschatum6 Lucia Lryeoriza7 Caleosastoma Sabulatum8 Bulbophyllum Spathulatum9 Obearomia Peridifolia10 Phelolidota Imbriacata11 Dendrobium Aduoncum12 Phelolidota Ariticulata

Page: 10

13 Chrometocalpa Undolatum14 Cimbidium Aloifolium15 Corianborcis Ziridifolia16 Mycropira Roostetum17 Bulbophyllum Paryanum18 Liambridum Logfoliam

Table 05:Fruit Bearing Plants.

Sl No. Botanical Name Local Name English Name1 Albizzia lebbeck Siris Siris tree2 Alstonia scolaris Chatiana Devil tree3 Anthoccphalus cadamba Kadam4 Artabotrys odoratissimus Kothali champa5 Artoceurfous heterophyllus Kothal Jack fruit6 Cassiar fistula Sonaru7 Clitaria ternatia Aparajita Butterfly pea8 Oillenia indica Owtenga Elephant apple9 Ficus glomerata Dimoree Fig10 Ficus religiosa Aahot Peepul11 Oroxylun indicum Bhat ghila12 Passiflora foetida Junuka Passion flower13 Phyllanthus emblica Amlokhi Emblic myrolea14 Psidium guava Modhurium Guava15 Ricinus communis Ara Castor16 Tamarindus indica Teteli Tamarind17 Tectona gradis Hegun Teak18 Urena loleata Agaru19 Vangueria spinosa Kotkora20 Zyzyphus jujuba Bogori Indian plum

Photo GalleryWe took snaps of the flora and fauna as prescribed by our Mr. Rajib Rudra Tariang the teacher of EVS department.

At Bogapani Arboretum Studying in Lakhipathar Reserve Forest

Studying Nursery System at Nazirating Our Study Group

Grass Yellow Gray Pansy

Page: 13

Discussions and ConclusionsFrom the above discussion of data collected and findings, we can

conclude that the butterflies are the species of aesthetic. We were

able to find a total number of 23 butterflies of 18 different kinds of

butterflies during the survey in the selected area. Now a days

various species of butterflies have become rare & are endangered.

So now it has become need of the hour for everyone to take steps

to preserve and protect the flora and fauna as concerned to the

topic. It is also hoped that, this project enable the common people

to the understand the problems that will come up if the concerned

flora or fauna will become extinct.

Page: 14

References

Books:-

1. Haribal, M. 2004, Buterflies of Sikkim Himalayas, Natural

Publications, Deheradun, pp- 1-196.

2. Kalita, J. 2000. Conservation of butterfly fauna of India, (2000)

Biological Diversity Conservation and Management Ed.

Mehrotra & Singh. Pub. Multi Graphics offset, Bhopal.

Page: 15