PROGRESS IN PRODUCTION OF SUPER YIELDING HYBRID BASMATI RICE IN KENYA DR. Paul Njiruh Nthakanio………TUK Dr. James I. Kanya …………………UoN Dr. John M. Kimani ………………...KARI Mwea Dr. Raphael Wanjogu ………………MIAD FUNDED / COLLABORATORS NATIONAL IRRIGATION BOARB , TUK, UoN, KARI
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PROGRESS IN PRODUCTION OF SUPER YIELDING HYBRID BASMATI RICE IN KENYA
DR. Paul N jiruh Nthakanio………TUK Dr. James I. Kanya …………………UoN Dr. John M. Kimani ………………...KARI Mwea Dr. Raphael Wanjogu ………………MIAD FUNDED / COLLABORATORS NATIONAL IRRIGATION BOARB , TUK, UoN, KARI. PROGRESS IN PRODUCTION OF SUPER YIELDING HYBRID BASMATI RICE IN KENYA. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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PROGRESS IN PRODUCTION OF SUPER YIELDING HYBRID BASMATI RICE IN KENYA
DR. Paul Njiruh Nthakanio………TUKDr. James I. Kanya …………………UoNDr. John M. Kimani ………………...KARI MweaDr. Raphael Wanjogu ………………MIAD
FUNDED / COLLABORATORS NATIONAL IRRIGATION BOARB , TUK, UoN, KARI
Work started in 2011 under NCST funding.
In 2012, we approached NIB which agreed to support the project financially.
Project is being conducted in four phases
Phase one: Adaptability of breeding rice lines in Kenya at KARI Mwea
(In green house and natural conditions):-Done
Phase Two: Breeding. Hybridization between Basmatis (370 and 217 )
as paternal parents and PGMS and TGMS rice lines (Obtained from IRRI):-
On going.
Phase Three: Natural sterility induction in Mombasa; On going.
HYBRID RICE PROJECT
Phase 4: Production of hybrid rice in Bunyala and Mwea.
Publication
Kanya J.I., Njiru P.N., Kimani J.N., Wanjogu R.K. (2013): Evaluation of Photoperiod and Thermosensitive Genic Male Sterile Lines For Hybrid Rice Seeds Production in Kenya. International Journal of Agronomy and Agricultural Research (2223-7054 (Print) 2225-3610 (Online)
http://www.innspub.net Vol. 3, No. 2, p. 21-39, 2013).
1.1 Background : Rice production in Kenya
Over 300 tonnes of rice is consumed in Kenya.
About 100 tones is locally produced.
In Kenya rice is mainly grown in Mwea, Ahero, Bunyala, West
Kano, Yala Swamp (MoA, 2011).
About 98% of Mwea rice is Basmati.
By year 2030 Kenya population is expected to be 60.0million.
Rice yield is expected to increase 600% to feed the population.
1. INTRODUCTION
Year 2006 2013 2030 2050Kenya Population 38m 40m 60m ??
Production (Tones) 64,840 100,00 ?? ??
Area (ha) 23,106 ?? ?? ??
1.2 Rice Situation in Kenya
Table1. Source: NCPB and Department of Land, Crops Development and Management, USDA
Global Concerns
High yielding varieties (HYV) dwarf rice varieties have reached breeding plateau hence global yield.
Green revolution technology now need re-innovation.
1.3 Food security Problem
Low yield per hectare of Basmati rice (4.1ha) (Ministry of Agriculture, 2010).
Rice consumption is far above production. Rice diseases like blast continue to reduce
yields (Wanjogu and Mugambi, 2001).
Kenya concerns
1.4 Hybrid Vigour and higher yields
Hybridization has been used to increase rice yield per hectare (Zhang, 2010).
High yield is due to heterosis or hybrid vigour.
1.5 Measuring heterosis?
Mid-Parent (MP) heterosis(F1 performs better than mean of two parents):
F1-MP MP
X100
Better Parent (BP) heterosis(F1 performs better than better parent):
Standard heterosis(F1 performs better than the check variety):
F1-BP BP
X100
X100F1-CK CK
To make a cross Male and female parents are needed.
a) Female need to have non-viable male gametes so that they can be crossed with another variety.
b) Male parent: need to have viable pollen.
1.6 Production of Hybrid
CMS vs EGMS
x
Female with sterile pollen but fertile ovule.
Male parent with fertile pollen
Hybrid plant
Hybridization
Male emasculation is done to induce male sterility, a condition in which the pollen grains are not viable to fertilize normally to set seeds.
Methods of male emasculation
a) Environmental Genic Male sterility method (EGMS)‣ PGMS – photoperiod sensitive genic male sterile lines. Uses long
daylight length to induce sterility
‣ TGMS - thermosentive genic male sterile lines Uses high temperature to induce sterility
1.7 Male emasculation
b) Cytoplasmic genetic male sterility (CMS)Male sterility is controlled by the interaction of a genetic factor (S) present in the cytoplasm and nuclear gene (s).
c) Chemically induced male sterilityMale sterility is induced by some chemicals (gametocides).
Methods of emasculation continued
. CMS Vs PGMS
Based on the discovery of P(T)GMS mutant
Male sterility controlled by 1 or 2 pairs of recessive gene(s) Fertile
S-lineMultiplication
Critical Fertility Point
Critical Sterility Point
Reproductive Upper Limit
Reproductive Lower Limit
SterileF1 Seed
Production
Partial Sterility
Model of Sterility / Fertility Expression for TGMS Rice
Temperature
low
high
Use hybrid rice technology to raise yield
i) Introduce EGMS in Kenya and test for their adaptability.
ii) Develop Basmati with EGMS gene.
iii) Produce hybrids by crossing EGMS-Basmati with conventional Basmati.
1.8 Objective
2. MATERIALS EGMS included; PGMS and TGMS LINES FROM