Programming Fundamentals

Programming Fundamentals

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Why Programming? What is Computer? What is Program? What is Programming?

So, Program isSome instruction computer follow to do our task. And this sequence of instructions is called a program.

And, Programming isThe process of writing programs is called programming.

What is the PROCESS?

Continue…

Follow the steps given below to become a successful programmer:

Define the problem: Examine the problem until you understand it thoroughly.

Outline the solution: Analyze the problem.

Continue…Expand the outline of the solution into an algorithm:

Write a step-by-step procedure that leads to the solution.

Test the algorithm for correctness: Provide test data and try to work out the problem as the computer would. This is a critical step but one that programmers often forget.

Continue…Convert the algorithm into a program: Translate the

instructions in the algorithm into a computer program using any programming language.

Document the program clearly: Describe each line of instruction or at least some important portions in the program. This will make the program easy to follow when accessed later for corrections or changes.

Continue…Run the program: Instruct the computer to execute

the program. The process of running the program differs from language to language.

Debug the program: Make sure that the program runs correctly without any errors or bugs as they are called in computer terminology. Finding the errors and fixing them is called debugging. Don’t get depressed when bugs are found. Think of it as a way to learn.

Programming Language?

Prerequisite… ?

Almost nothing…

Platform… ?Mac, Linux, Windows….

Any of them…

How old are you?What is your educational Background?

I don’t care…

So, Who Are You? You are currently a computer user who love to use computer.

And definitely you are a user of a program.

You are going to be… The creator of the Program. You will be the Programmer.

So again, What is programming? When we want a computer to perform a specific task,

such as generating a marks sheet or a salary slip, we have to create a sequence of instructions in a logical order that a computer can understand and interpret. This sequence of instructions is called a program. The process of writing programs is called programming.

The task of programming involves a lot of effort and careful planning. Without this, the computer will produce erroneous results. The following steps should go into the planning of program:

Defining and analyzing the problem

Developing the solution logically using an algorithm

Defining and analyzing the problem Before writing a program, we have to define exactly what

Data we need to provide (input) and

Information we want the program to produce (the output).

Once we know these, we can figure out how to develop the solution.

Understanding INPUT

Suppose we want to write a program to work out the total and average of a student’s marks in five subjects, we would need to mention the marks in the five subjects as input.

Understanding OUTPUTNext, we have to think of the output — the elements that should be displayed and those that should not. In the marks example, since the task is to prepare a marks sheet, the marks in all the five subjects, their total and average should be displayed on the screen.

INPUTBangla = 60

English = 80

Math = 100

History = 70

OUTPUTAverage : 77.5

PROCESSING

Average = (Bangla + English + Math + History) / 4

Lets write our very first program Get Inputs from the user

Save them somewhere

Use a math logic to process

Show the result / output.

Getting INPUTSMake a user interface to collect INPUT from user

Handling Inputsvar a = (input for bangla)

var b = (input for english)

var c = (input for math)

var d = (input for history)

Processing & Outputvar average; // another variable

average = (a + b + c + d) / 4;

print average;

OUTPUT Our program process the input and show this output.

VARIABLE What is variable?

Variable Naming?

Data Types

Type, Length, Range

Lab - 1 Let’s try variable in PHP environment

Input Interface

<form name="test" method="GET”>Name:<input type="text" name=”InputName" /><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Go" />

</form>

<html><head><title>Programming – 1</title></head><body>

</body></html>

Programming Process<?php

if(isset($_GET['InputName'])) {

$name = $_GET['InputName'];echo $name ;

} else {// some other code or load form

}?>

Another Input

<form name="test" method="GET”>Name:<input type="text" name=”num" /><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Go" />

</form>


</body></html>

Programming Process<?php

if(isset($_GET[’num'])) {

$number1 = $_GET[’num'];echo $number1;$sqr = $number1 * $number1;echo “<br /> “ . $sqr;

} else {// some other code or load form}

?>

Make a Simple Calculator

<form name="test" method="GET”>Name:<input type="text" name=”num1" /><input type="text" name=”num2" /><input type="submit" name="submit" value=”Sum" />

</form>


</body></html>

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Assignment Read some article regarding data types Read some article regarding numbers

Read some article proved by Academy

Write some article regarding all of these

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Programming Fundamentals

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