Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000. D. Todd Griffith 1 , Nate Yoder 2 , Brian Resor 1 , Jon White 1 , Josh Paquette 1 , Alistair Ogilvie 1 , Valerie Peters 1 1 Sandia National Laboratories 2 ATA Engineering European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) 2012 Annual Event April 16-19,2012; Copenhagen, Denmark Prognostic Control to Enhance Offshore Wind Turbine Operations and Maintenance Strategies
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Prognostic Control to Enhance Offshore Wind Turbine Operations and Maintenance Strategies
Prognostic Control to Enhance Offshore Wind Turbine Operations and Maintenance Strategies. D. Todd Griffith 1 , Nate Yoder 2 , Brian Resor 1 , Jon White 1 , Josh Paquette 1 , Alistair Ogilvie 1 , Valerie Peters 1 1 Sandia National Laboratories 2 ATA Engineering - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company,for the United States Department of Energy’s National Nuclear Security Administration
under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.
D. Todd Griffith1, Nate Yoder2, Brian Resor1, Jon White1, Josh Paquette1,
Alistair Ogilvie1, Valerie Peters1
1Sandia National Laboratories2ATA Engineering
European Wind Energy Association (EWEA) 2012 Annual Event
April 16-19,2012; Copenhagen, Denmark
Prognostic Control to Enhance Offshore Wind Turbine
Operations and Maintenance Strategies
Background• Operations and maintenance (O&M) costs for offshore wind plants are estimated to be
2-5x those for onshore plants and represent 20-30% of the total levelized cost of energy [1]
• Increased loading and environmental harshness• Difficulty of access
• Structural health monitoring of offshore turbines as part of a condition based maintenance paradigm could provide significant cost reductions
• Increase life• Increase energy capture• Improved maintenance planning
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
0 5 10 15 20 25
Gene
rato
r Pow
er (k
W)
Wind Speed (m/s)
Normal Operation
Mode 1
Mode 2
Mode 3
Summary• A multi-scale methodology was developed to investigate the sensitivity of
operational response measurements; Case Study #1: Trailing Edge Disbond• Addresses sensor selection and damage characterization through sensitivity
analysis at both fine and coarse scales of the model• Prognostic control strategies were considered to manage turbine loads in the
presence of damage for improved offshore turbine O&M strategies• The simulation campaign is currently being exercised for additional forms of
damage in blade, tower and foundation as well as operating fault conditions (e.g. rotor imbalance)
• Cost benefit analysis and alternate prognostic controls are being explored
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1. W. Musial, R. Thresher, B. Ram. Large-Scale Offshore Wind Energy for the United States: Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers. CO, Golden: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2010.
2. http://www.eurocopter.co.uk3. http://www.oceanpowermagazine.net4. http://www.netcomposites.com5. Kooijman, H.J.T., Lindenburg, C., Winkelaar, D., and van der Hooft, E.L., “DOWEC 6 MW Pre-Design: Aero-elastic modeling of the
DOWEC 6 MW pre-design in PHATAS,” ECN-CX--01-135, DOWEC 10046_009, Petten, the Netherlands: Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, September 2003.
6. Lindenburg, C., “Aeroelastic Modeling of the LMH64-5 Blade,” DOWEC-02-KL-083/0, DOWEC 10083_001, Petten, the Netherlands: Energy Research Center of the Netherlands, December 2002.
7. Jonkman, J.; Butterfield, S.; Musial, W.; and Scott, G., "Definition of a 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine for Offshore System Development," NREL/TP-500-38060, Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, February 2009.
References
Extra Slides
Multi-scale Simulation of Damage
Equivalent Blade Model
(SNL BPE)
Equivalent Blade Model
(SNL BPE)
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 110
4
106
108
1010
1012
BlFract
Fla
pw
ise
Stif
fne
ss, F
lpS
tff (
N*m
2 )
NREL 5MW Baseline PropertiesSNL 5MW All Glass FE Model PropertiesSNL 5MW w/Carbon FE Model Properties
Healthy / Damaged
Blade Model
(ANSYS)
Healthy / Damaged
Blade Model
(ANSYS)
Full Turbine Simulations
(FAST or ADAMS)
Full Turbine Simulations
(FAST or ADAMS)
Offshore Turbine Model
(NREL 5MW)
Offshore Turbine Model
(NREL 5MW)
Ground
Water
High Fidelity
Simulations
(ANSYS)
High Fidelity
Simulations
(ANSYS)
Local Sensitivity
(ANSYS)
Local Sensitivity
(ANSYS)
Damage Mitigating
Control
(FAST)
Damage Mitigating
Control
(FAST)
75808590951000
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Bla
de
Ro
ot
Ou
t Of P
lan
e B
en
din
g M
om
en
tN
orm
aliz
ed
Fa
tigu
e D
am
ag
e
Percent of Turbine Rating
Global Operating Sensitivity
(FAST or ADAMS)
Global Operating Sensitivity
(FAST or ADAMS)
12
34
56
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0
1
2
3
4
5
Measurement IDDamage State
Ske
wne
ss D
iffer
ence
[%
]
Equivalent Beam Properties with BPE
6
• A Matlab based interface between NuMAD and BPE was created so that equivalent beam properties could be extracted from NuMAD models
• The developed model has effective blade structural properties that closely approximate those used in the NREL 5-MW reference wind turbine blades[7]
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 110
1
102
103
104
BlFract
Ma
ss D
en
sity
, BM
ass
De
n (
kg/m
)
NREL 5MW Baseline PropertiesSNL 5MW All Glass FE Model PropertiesSNL 5MW w/Carbon FE Model Properties
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 110
6
107
108
109
1010
1011
BlFract
Ed
ge
wis
e S
tiffn
ess
, Ed
gS
tff (
N*m
2 )
NREL 5MW Baseline PropertiesSNL 5MW All Glass FE Model PropertiesSNL 5MW w/Carbon FE Model Properties
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 110
4
106
108
1010
1012
BlFract
Fla
pw
ise
Stif
fne
ss, F
lpS
tff (
N*m
2 )
NREL 5MW Baseline PropertiesSNL 5MW All Glass FE Model PropertiesSNL 5MW w/Carbon FE Model Properties
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 110
5
106
107
108
109
1010
BlFractT
ors
ion
al S
tiffn
ess
, GJS
tff (
N*m
2 )
NREL 5MW Baseline PropertiesSNL 5MW All Glass FE Model PropertiesSNL 5MW w/Carbon FE Model Properties
Damaged Beam Properties with BPE
7
• BPE was modified to allow for the automated insertion of variable length disbonds at a user specified location
• Using BPE variety one healthy and a series of damaged blade models were created• 36 damaged blades with trailing edge disbonds extending between 0.125 and 6 m
outboard from max chord were created • BPE modified slightly to improve performance over localized stiffness
discontinuities
Full Offshore Turbine Simulations using ADAMS
• Average responses also show significant changes
• Changes localized to damaged region
• Other responses and sensitivity measures currently being investigated
13
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1-200
-180
-160
-140
-120
-100
-80
Rotations
Net
Pitc
hing
Mom
ent
[kN m
]
Blade 1 Mean Local Pitching Moment at 15.8 m
1020
3040
5060
2
4
60
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Disbond Length [m]
Max Standardized Difference in Blade 1 Pitching Moments