production technology in cowpea

Production

Technology in Cowpea

Submitted to-

Dr. Parveen

Sharma

Cowpea/ Lobia

Both summer and rainy season crop

Grown for green pods, dry seeds and fodder

Seeds rich in protein (23-28%)

Called as vegetable meat

When cultivated for dry seeds, it is called asBlack eye pea

Kaffir pea

Southern pea

Green pods are calledCatjang bean

Asparagus bean

Yard long bean

Cultivation in India

Long thick podded and trailing types

Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and West Bengal

For Dry seeds

Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh

For short and thin pods (Pusa-Do-Fasali)

Punjab, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh

Five species of Vigna

Three cultivated types

V. unguiculata (Southern pea)

Commonly grown, Vine like straight growing stem, small seeds

V. unguiculata ssp. cylinderica (Catjang Bean)

Small poods (7-13cm), generally straight 5-6mm long kidney shaped seeds

V. unguiculata ssp. sesquipedalis (Asparagus or yard long bean)

Vine like or climbing in habit, pods drooping, very long (30-90 cm)

Two wild types

• V. unguiculata ssp. dekindtiana

• V. unguiculata ssp. mensensis

Varieties

IIHR, Bangalore Sel-61-B

Sel-1552

Arka Garima

IARI New Delhi Pusa Do Fasali

Pusa Phalguni

Pusa Barsati

Pusa Komal

NDUTA, Faizabad Narendra Lobia-1

Selection-2-1,

Yard long bean,

Philippines Early,

Conti.

NBPGR, New Delhi

Pusa Rituraj,

PAU, Ludhiana

Cowpea-263,

Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, (W.B.)

Bidhan barbati-1,

Bidhan barbati-2

State-wise popular varieties of cowpea

state varieties

Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab and Bihar C152, Sf-68

Himachal Pradesh C152, Pusa-1, Sel-27

Haryana SF-68, Pusa Komal

Rajasthan JC-5, Jc-10

Uttar Pradesh Type-2, Pusa Barsati, Pusa Do Fasali

West Bengal 5269

Madhya Pradesh C-152, K-11, K-14

Maharashtra C-152, No.-2, 19-141

Orissa C-152, SF-68, SFB-2

Karnataka C-152, Sel-61-B-1, S-488, S-203

Tamil Nadu C-152, Co-1, Co-2, Pusa-3, Pusa Do Fasali

Climate and Soil

Warm season crop

Thrives best between 21-35 °C

Cannot tolerate cold weather and heavy rainfall

Well drained, humus rich sandy loam soils

pH 5.5-6.5

One deep ploughing followed by 2-3 light ploughingfollowed by planking to obtain fine tilth

Manure and Fertilizers

25-30 t/ha FYM or compost at the time of field preparation

Complete dose before sowing into the soil

N: 20-25 Kg/ha

P: 50-60 Kg/ha

K: 50-60 Kg/ha

Zinc sulphate: 15-20 Kg/ha (in deficient soils) is beneficial

Sowing time

In Plains

June July

February- March

Southern Plains

December- January

Tropical climate (Summer and winters not severe)

Throughout the year

In hills

April May

Seed rate and Sowing

Rainy season : 12-15 Kg/ha Spring season: 20-25 Kg/ha

Sowing should be done two days after irrigation

Drill the seed2-3cm deep45-60 cm Row to Row ( rainy season)25-30 cm Row to Row (summer season)10-15 cm Plant to Plant

Don’t irrigate the field till seed germinate

Irrigation

Shallow rooted crop

Require light and frequent irrigation

Irrigate at 4-5 days interval in summers

Avoid excess watering

No need to irrigate in rainy season (except long dry

spell)

Maintain enough moisture

At flowering

Pod formation

Inter-culture and Weed control

Keep field free from weeds for first 45 days

Two hoeings (after sowing)At 25 days

At 45 days

Chemical control

Pre-emergence applicationOxadiazon @ 0.5 Kg/ha

Alachor @ 1.5 Kg/ha

Nitrofen @ 3.0 Kg/ha

Maleic hydrazide at 50-200 ppm just before flowering helps in increasing the pod yield

Roughing

Before flowering

During flowering

All off types and diseased plants roughed out

Off types can be easily detected at pod maturity

Harvesting

For market crop

o Early varieties ready in 45 days

o Green and tender pods

o Harvest before pods become fibrous

o Frequent pickings at 2-3 days interval

o Green pod yield : 75-100 q/ha

Conti..

Seed crop

Matures in 75-125 days

Pods turns into straw colour

Entire plant is harvestedAllowed to dry in field

or

Heaped at one place in threshing floor for drying

Threshed by thresher or tramped and then winnowing all inert matter

Seed is spread on tarpaulin for drying till 10% moisture

Seed yield : 10-15 q/ha.

THANK YOU