Proceeding
3rd International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3)
Language and Social Change
August 24, 2017
Universitas Andalas,
West Sumatera, Indonesia
Editor
Handoko
Reniwati
Lembaga Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi (LPTIK)
Universitas Andalas
Proceeding
3rd International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3)
Language and Social Change
Managing Director
Reniwati
Editor
Handoko
Reniwati
Scientific Board
Nadra (Universitas Andalas)
Oktavianus. (Universitas Andalas)
Jufrizal (Universitas Negeri Padang)
Katharina E. Sukamto (Masyarakat Linguistik Indonesia)
Cover Designer Multimedia LPTIK
Cover and Layout :
Multimedia LPTIK
ISBN 978-602-60613-3-1 (Print)
978-602-60613-4-8 (Elektronic)
Publisher Lembaga Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi (LPTIK)
Universitas Andalas
Lantai Dasar Gedung Perpustakaan Pusat Kampus Universitas Andalas
Jl. Dr. Mohammad Hatta Limau Manis, Padang, Sumatera Barat,
Indonesia
Web: www. lptik.unand.ac.id
Telp. 0751-775827 - 777049
Email: [email protected]
ii
Preface
It is undeniable that, like human being, language also changes. The lexicon once used
in a language may no longer be used in the next few years. In contrast, a lexicon that
did not exist before appeared and was widely used in the next period. The
pronunciation of a word may change from time to time.
Many factors can cause language changes. Contacts between cultures or speakers of
different language, language policies made by the authorities or government and the
advancement of science and technology are among the factors responsible for the
change.
Social change in a society is triggered by various factors. In Indonesia, reform is one
of the causes of change in various aspects of social life, including government,
politics, economy and culture. All these changes are recorded by or reflected in
language.
To respond to the effects of the social change to the language, the Graduate Program
in Linguistics, Andalas University (UNAND), in cooperation with the Indonesian
Linguistic Society of UNAND branches, implemented the 3rd ISOL with the theme
‘Language in Social Change.'
This seminar is aimed to facilited linguists, researcher, scholar, students, policy maker
from to discuss the issues of language and social change.
We would like to express our deep gratitude to the keynote speaker, Prof. Dr. Dadang
Sunendar, M.Hum as Head of Balai Bahasa Republik Indonesia, and the invited
speaker, Prof. Madya. Dr. Marlyna Maros (University Kebangsaan Malaysia,
Malaysia), Faizah Sari, Ph.D. (Surya University, Indonesia), Gusdi Sastra, M.Hum,
Ph.D, (Universitas Andalas, Indonesia), and Dr. Djusmalinar Djamarin, M.A. (Prince
Songkla University, Thailand).
We are very greatful to Governor of West Sumatra, Prof. Dr. H. Irwan Prayitno, S.Psi.,
M.Sc for his support to the seminar and for welcoming all the participants at his place
in the opening ceremony and for Mayor of Padang, Ir. H. Mahyeldi, S.P to provide
closing ceremony and dinner at his place. Our gratitude also goes to the Rector of
Universitas Andalas, the Dean of Faculty of Humanities, LPTIK, and our sponsor
Bank Nagari.
Managing Director
Dr. Reniwati, M.Hum
iii
Acknowledgments
The current International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3) entitled: Language
and Social Change. This theme is relevant to linguistics today. What things do the
social change it refer? It ingcludes language and culture, media change, cross
communication, national integration, langaue teaching, politeness, the language in
literature and script, and the role of language in MEA. These sub theme will be
discussed in the current seminar which can be refered by the articles in the proceeding.
The seminar and the proceedings, I think, is about to assert that language not
only portrays itself as a means of disclosure and explanation of the social change, but
it is at the same time the protagonist in the social change. Because of social dynamics
from any point of view, whether idealistic ( begins with the dimension of cultural or
ideological value system) or materialist point of view ( begins from material
dimensions such as ecology, demography, economics, technology), the mediator is
still the language. Once the central role of language in the human life, even language
is sometimes considered more important than thinking. There is no thinking without
language, bak si bisu barasian 'like the mute dreaming'? No matter how good the
ideas, but languages come to articulate it. It is impossible to understand and develop
ideas without a language. Therefore, on be half of of Faculty of Humanities
Universitas Andalas management, we support and give high appreciation to the
commitee, presentes, and participants of this seminar.
On this occasion, allow us to express our sincere thanks to Prof. Dr. Dadang
Sunendar, M. Hum (Head of Development and Development Agency of Bahasa
Kemendikbud RI) as a keynote speaker and invited speakers from various countries.
Moreover, greatest gratitude also addresses to all presenters who have contributed in
the seminar, as well as to enrich the proceeding. Of course with the hope that all ideas
submitted and written will contribute positively to the development of language and
social change to a better state over.
Finally, our gratitude to all the organizing committee members who have
worked hard to conduct the seminar well. And also support from various institurion
range from public and private institution who have supported this seminar. May Allah
reward them for the charity.
Padang, Agustus 2017
Dekan,
Dr. Hasanuddin, M.Hum
iv
Table of Content
Preface
Acknowledgments
Table of Content
Endorsing Simulation for EFL Context as a Means to Facilitate
Second Language Acquisition
Abdulkhaleq A. Al-Qahtani
1
Bioacustic Analysis By Using Spektogram Speech Analyzer to
Verify The Verbal Competence of Down Syndrome in Different
Age: The Case Study of Peli and Sutan in SLB Negeri 1 Padang
(A Neurolinguistic Review) Anita Angraini Lubis, Gusdi Sastra, Ike Revita
11
Linguistic Style in Character Name in Negeri Perempuan, A Novel
By Wisran Hadi
18
Minangkabau Language Greeting Pattern Based on Social
Factors: A Case Study at Andalas University
Aslinda, Mohammad Fadzeli Jaafar, Norsimah Mat Awal
39
The Transitivity in Kaba: Puti Nilam Tjajo Dengan Dang Tuanku
Gombang Alam
Ayendi
47
Playing with Politeness: The Strategy Used by Authors to Bring
about Solidarity and Respect in Selected Economic Journals
Budianto Hamuddin
57
67
Linguistic Features of Bali Tourism Advertisements
Desak Putu Eka Pratiwi, Putu Nur Ayomi, dan Komang Dian
PuspitaCandra
75
Teaching English Literature in Efl Classroom as The
Strenghtening of Language Use: from Ancient Pedagogy to
Modern Academy
Dodi Oktariza
89
Interjection in Minangkabau Language
Efri Yades, Leni Syafyahya
94
Spoken Language Tradition as the Object of Research for
Formulating the Noble Values of Minangkabau Cultures for the
Younger Generation
Eka Meigalia, Reno Wulan Sari, Wasana
101
Teachers and Parents’ Awareness of On-Instagram’s Sexual
Communication Subtleties
Eky Edel
108
Exploring Methodological Issues in Linguistic Research
Faizah Sari
117
Aprilia Sasmar Putri
Armini Arbain
Speech Verb in Japanese Idiom Darni Enzimar Putri
32
v
Word Reduction in French Facebook Conversation
Fierenziana G. Junus, Myrna Laksman-Huntley , Lilie M. Roosman
125
Verbal Disabilities of the Mentally Handicapped And Their
Therapy Model
Gusdi Sastra, Hendra Permana, Yoffie Kharisma Dewi
131
Learning Foreign Language in Pre-Puberty Age Base on the
Function of The Brain’s Hemisphere
Gusdi Sastra
138
Language Attitude and Sense of Brotherhood During Bargening
Reflected in Minang in Rantau
Handoko, Dwi Anggreini Waskito Putri
148
The Speech Act Uttered by People in West Sumatra After
Earthquake: Review for Classy FM Listeners
Helmita
157
Orlando Shooting: Is Muslim Negatively Portrayed in Crime
News?
Hengki Agus Rifa’i
170
Assessing of Indonesian EFL Students’ Ability in English Texts
Translation
Herdi, Refika Andriani, Destina Kasriyati
177
The Element of Truth Claim Behind the Sign of Da’wa Salafi on
Social Media Instagram: A Semiotics Analysis
Herpindo, Mauli Denil
182
Politeness of Announcements Announced at Tokyo Station Japan
Idrus
191
Andriod Based Bilingual Dictionary of Graphic Technique as
Enrichment of English Course in Graphic Technique Department
Ika Agustina, Syahripal Putra
198
Medical Pragmatic Analysis of Activities of Women Trafficking
in West Java: The Portrait of the Victims
Ike Revita, Rovika Trioclarise
204
Politeness Violation in The Court Session “Kopi Sianida”:
Pragmatics Analysis
Inestie Printa Elisya, Herlin Triana
209
Ergativiy and Subject Deletion in Stylistic-Grammatical
Constructions of Minangkabaunese
Jufrizal
215
Politeness in Language: A review on the Usage of Pronouns and
Unique Expression of Kelantan’s Malay Society
Khuzaiton Zakaria
223
Malakok as a Basis of Integration by Ethnis Minangkabau in
Dharmasraya District West Sumatera Province
Leni Syafyahya, Efri Yades, and Fajri Usman
229
The Role of Same Bipa Program for The Execution of Economic
Diplomation
Lilik Rita Lindayani, Nurmin Suryati, Ahmad Marhadi
236
vi
Indonesian Interrogative Sentences: A Study of Forms and
Functions
Lindawati
243
Kinds and Characterization of Verbal Construction Based on
Morphosemantics analysis Used in Minangkabaunese Found in
Kaba Cindua Mato
M.Wahyudi, Welda Rahmayeni
257
Language Change in Compliment Responses Among The Malay
Generation Y
Marlyna Maros
264
Expressive Complaints of Toy Traders in Solok City Park:
Sociopragmatik Review
Meksi Rahmanesti, Armita Sari, and Nidia Eka Putri Apriyus
273
Translation of Islamic Terms in Laskar Pelangi into Japanese
Novel Niji no Shoonentachi
Mike Nurjana, Sonnya Heliantina Dewi
279
Improving Students’ Achievement in Writing Narrative
Paragraph Through Statement,Extension, Elaboration (SEE)
Method
Misdiana
284
Emergent Scales in the 2017 Jakarta Gubernatorial Election
Moniek van Rheenen
289
AFFIX <ter-> in Indonesian: A Language Description
Muhammad Yusdi
297
Translation Challenges in Online News Articles Translation
Muhammad Ersan Pamungkas
305
Website Design Dictionary “Bahasa Gaul – Indonesia” Android
Based
Nelfira, Yessy Prima Putri
314
Acronymization in the Budget Document at Andalas University,
Padang: Study of the Form and the Processes
Noviatri
323
Discourse Structures of Terrorist Indoctrination: Theory of
Doctrine, Human Cognitive Programming, And Weaponized
Cognitive Design For Political Violence
Novra Hadi
332
Malay and Minangkabau LanguageIn Minangkabau Manuscripts
Writing
Pramono, M. Yusuf
341
Batak Clan Names: Saragih, Saragi, And Seragih
Purnama Rika Perdana
348
The Language Use in the Yogyakarta Public Advertisement
Putri Ayu Rezkiyana
356
Understanding of Minangkabau Culture Through Use of Simile
Language Style in Novel Persiden By Wisran Hadi
Putri Dian Afrinda
364
vii
Isogashii Tokoro From Hairyo Hyougen Point of View: A Study of
Politeness in Japanese Society
Radhia Elita
377
Comparison of Throne Verse Translation Results in Indonesian
and Japanese
Rahtu Nila Sepni
384
The Dialectological Comparison of Minangkabau Language in
used at the original area in West Sumatera to the shorelinearea in
Riau Province and Malaysia
Reniwati, Noviatri, Gusti Asnan
391
Improvement of The Indonesian Wrong Words through
Technology Based Applications
Ria Febrina
397
Implicature in Blackberry Messenger Display Picture about the
Rising of Fuel Prices
Rini Afrilesa. J
405
A Study of Classical Text As a Development Source of
Minangkabau Lexicography
Rona Almos, Pramono, Herry Nur Hidayat, and Seswita
411
Indonesian Laguage Error on Foreign Speaker: Rubrics Case
Study "Taman Dongeng" KBS World Radio, South Korea
Ronidin
415
Comparative Study of Filipino and Indonesian Language (Specific
in Verbs, Pronouns, Nouns, and Adjectives)
Ruth R. Bepinoso
422
Investigating the Extreme Aspects of Terrorist’s Strategic
Discourse Engineering in Imam Samudra’s Last Letter
Sawirman
429
Social Factors in Language Use: How Speakers of Banten Javanese
Language Maintain Mother Tongueas Identity Marker
Siti Suharsih
435
Language Using in Communication Inter-Indonesian in South
Korea
Sonezza Ladyanna
442
The Variation of English Language Used by the Local Teachers in
Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia
Sri Imelwaty, Yendra, Willy Satria
448
Diathesis System in Mandailing Language
Sri Indah Rahmiati Nasution, Najmia Riani, Ruli Oknita Sari
453
The Minangkabau Local Wisdom in Numeral Classifier for Food
Ingredient Counter Case of HalabanIsolects,Lima Puluh Kota
District
Sri Wahyuni, Nadra, and Ria Febrina
460
Teaching English with Natural Acting and Natural Talking
(TENANT)
Syaifullah
470
Nonstandard Words On News Titles In the West Sumatra
Newspaper
479
viii
Titiek Fujita Yusandra
Teenager on Istagram: Neurolinguistic Perspective
Winda Trisnawati
491
Ideology and Power in Arab-Malay Discourse of Sheikh Batang
Kabung’s Works
Yasirly Amrina, Nidia Eka Putri Apriyus, and Anita Angraini Lubis
496
#AdaAQUA
Yessy Prima Putri
504
The Role of Local Knowledge For Disaster Education
Yoko Takafuji
512
The improvement of students’ speaking skill by using guessing
games technique
Yuni Elisdawati
519
Language and Social Change
ISBN : 978-602-60613-3-1
448
The Variation of English Used by the Local English
Teachers in Padang, West Sumatra Indonesia
Sri Imelwaty, Yendra, Willy Satria STKIPPGRI West Sumatra
Abstract
English has become a worldwide English language as it is widespread all over the
world. Sociolinguistics reality has shown that different varieties of English have
arisen due to the contact of the English language and the local culture. In the context
of English language teaching within the non-English speaking countries such as
Indonesia, it is assumed that the teachers of English teach a monolithic version of
standard British (British Received Pronunciation) or Standard American English
(SAE). However, this condition should be questioned whether those teachers of
English use Standard English or they speak a certain variety of English. The aim of
this study is to describe linguistically the English of the local teachers. Some English
teachers who serve at local high schools in Padang West Sumatra Indonesia became
the participants of this study. They can speak English, Indonesian as their national
language, and Minangkabau language as their regional dialect. Their English was
analyzed qualitatively regarding their linguistic features. The findings of this study
indicate that the English of those teachers is phonological, morphologically and
syntactically different to SAE or British English. The findings of this study could
inform English language teaching pedagogy in the Indonesian context.
Keywords: Varieties of English, linguistics features, teachers of English
INTRODUCTION
English is a language that has become a global language. It was noted
that more than 335 million people from 101 countries in the world that use
English (Aziz, 2014). This means that almost the whole world know and even
regard English as a second language in addition to the primary language that
is used as a tool for communication. Moreover, some countries use English as
an official language.
Variation of the English language appears due to the contiguity of a
language with other local languages by those bilingual and multilingual
language users. This shows that the English language at this time is no longer
in a single form but also turn into plural varieties based on the context of native
speakers (worldwide) termed World Englishes (Kachru et al, 2009).
From the Sociolinguistic point of view, English is a foreign language
which is automatically intersected with the social culture of the community.
This influences the form and structure of the language. Social relations,
culture, and language are in a continuing relationship which is on an ongoing
basis. This turns into a circle that is always spinning; certain social patterns
Proceeding 3rd International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3)
Universitas Andalas, August 24, 2017
449
will produce certain linguistic patterns which in turn resulted in a return of
social patterns and so on.
In Indonesia, although English is still regarded as a foreign language
(English as a Foreign Language /EFL), English has been taught at all
educational level; even starting from primary education, up to higher
education. This indicates that English is the primary subject in Indonesian
schools. Theoretically, the English curriculum in Indonesian schools focusing
on the level of formal (structural) English that refers directly to the concept of
English in America (American), English (UK) and Australia (Australian).
They are classified as the official language (standard English) and refers to the
standard English of the native speakers of English that can be measured by the
tests such as TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language), TOEIC (Test of
English as International Communication), IELTS (International English
Language Testing System),TOEP (Test of English Proficiency), and others.
However, this situation raises several questions; (1) Is the English which
is taught in schools in Indonesia a standard English? Because everyday English
(languages use) is much different from what is taught in the formal schools.
Then, (2) Is there any possibility that the English which is being taught in
schools are a kind of the variation of English which is different to native
speakers of English? According to Alip (2004), the English of the people in
Indonesia is linguistically and culturally different. Thus those people will not
speak English like those in other countries which use English as their native
language. To this end, this study was conducted to determine whether the
teachers of English in Indonesian context use Standard English or a variation
of English (World Englishes). Therefore, the object of this research was
focusing on the English of the high schools English teachers as they their
English is being used as the model in their classrooms. These teachers have
been exposing their English to the students for years.
METHOD
This study was descriptive in which the data was obtained from
observations, documentations, analysis, field notes. 12 teachers of English who
teach in secondary schools in the city of Padang, West Sumatra participated in
this study. While they were teaching and speaking English, their voices were
recorded and then the sound of their voice was transcribed. The sentences
which were pronounced by the teachers are also transcribed. Transcriptions
were the primary data in this study. In analyzing the data, the inductive analysis
was conducted; the categories appeared in term of the linguistic traits that
appear. The results of data analysis present the linguistic aspects of the
teachers’ English related to sounds, words, and sentence structures. These
results are then presented in the form of a narrative description.
Language and Social Change
ISBN : 978-602-60613-3-1
450
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The results and the discussion of this study present on what variations
appear in those English teachers’ English. It was found the phonological,
morphological and syntactic variations. When those variation are being
referred to standard (American, British, Australian) English as found in
TOEFL (Test of English as Foreign Language), TOEIC (Test of English as
International Communication), IELTS (International English Language
Testing System),TOEP (Test of English Proficiency), these variations become
deviant English that could be regarded as an error (mistake /error). However,
when it is viewed from the English as a mean for communication, then these
variations can be accepted.
Variation in Phonology
In English, the vocal sounds, tends to be pronounced by the sound of a
diphthong (diphthongs) such as; [ei], [ou], [ai], [au], [uw], [ow],[ƆI], and so
forth. While the usual trend in the use of English by those teachers in the city
of Padang the diphthongs are not pronounced as seen in the data below: (D.5) If you dont have the money to pay this book is ok [...]
(D.9) Why you are not come yesterday?
(D.52) Ambril do not you listen to Miss explain this last meeting?
(D.71) We live in Indonesia with so many land around us.
In the above data, the sound of 'pay' (D.5), the sound of 'come' (D.9), the
sound of 'listen' (D.15), and the sound of 'land' (D.71) are is the diphthong
sound in English. However, the teachers tend to make these sounds into vowels
monophthongal or single vowel. They are not nasal sound but in Standard
English, it is nasal sound which are by removing the noise through the mouth
(oral cavity) and nasal cavity (nasal cavity) simultaneously.
Variations in Morphology
The morphological rules in English change the verbs form into the
present, past and future. However, these forms were not found in the teachers’
English. This can be caused by the influence of the Indonesia and
Minangkabau language - either Indonesian or Minangkabau language does not
recognize the changes of the tenses/time on the verb but rather only giving the
indications of time. For example: (D.9) Why you are not come yesterday?
S P Comp
(D.21) Collect your homework that Miss give to you las tweek! P Comp conj SP Comp
(D.52) Ambril do not you listen to Miss explain this last meeting? SP S P Comp
Proceeding 3rd International Seminar on Linguistics (ISOL-3)
Universitas Andalas, August 24, 2017
451
On the three sample sentences in the above data (D.9, D.21, D.52), it was
found that the verb in each sentence form i.e. come, give, and listen do not
change into the morphological form. They only use a basic verb form that is
used as a marker of the present tense. This can be seen that in the Standard
English grammar, these forms are incorrect. However, semantically these
sentences can be understood in accordance with the state of the time using the
words such as yesterday, last week, last meeting which act as compliments that
complete the meaning of the sentences. Therefore, the use of language cannot
be regarded as an error or mistake. It is only a variation of English without
damaging its structure syntactically such as in D.9 which is a simple sentence,
D.21 which is the combined sentence (compound), and D.52 which is
classified into a combined sentence mixture (complex sentence).
Variations in Syntax
The variations in syntax appear syntactically on the teachers’ English
was found in the use of the verb as predicate (P) and compliance with the
subject (S) at the grammatical level. In the structure of Standard English
sentence, it is always formed on the noun phrase (NP) which is acted as a
subject and it is followed by a verb phrase (VP) as a predicate. In this case, the
use of the form of the verb is always influenced by the subject (S). For
example, when the subject in a single sentence, the verb form used is also in
singular form. Conversely, when the subjects used are in the plural form, the
verb must also be in the plural form as well.
In contrast to Indonesian or Minangkabau language (the regional
dialect), the predicate used is not influential on the subject, because the verb in
Indonesian or Minangkabau language does not recognize the singular or plural
form. Thus, it is likely to affect the formation of a phrase used by those
teachers. It is eventually formed its own variations. For example; (D.84) Rudi, you have to study hard (D.12) Why you come late?
(D.19) My mom love me very much
In some samples of the above data, the use of the verb "have to" in D.84
sentence, the verb 'come' on D.12 sentence, and the verb 'love' on D.19
sentence are grammatical errors in Standard English, because they have plural
verb. While the subjects are participated in the singular form, they should use
the singular verb. Thus, the verb form should become "has to 'on D.84
sentence, the verb 'comes' on D.12 sentence, and the verb 'loves' on D.19
sentence.
However, when it is viewed as a whole syntactic structure of a sentence,
the sentences D.84, D.12, and D.19 have the subject (S) and predicate (P)
consisting of NP and VP although in the written language (in the context of
writing), the sentence is not in accordance with the correct order; but when it
is viewed as a communication, the sentence is a speech that has a complete
Language and Social Change
ISBN : 978-602-60613-3-1
452
meaning as a language. Thus, it can be considered as a variety of oral or spoken
language which meaning can be.
The teachers’ English tend to omit the verb that syntactically in Standard
English. They are the clause or the sentence which become the subject (S) by
its category as a noun phrase (NP) and predicate (P) by its category as a verb
phrase (VP ). This becomes the habit formation of the variation of English
because the use of the adjective without the use of ‘to be’, as it is seen in the
following data samples. (D.73) Study with him ok, he a good boy
(D.5) you smart, but lazy
(D.16) you late, so you stand in front of the class
In their meaning, the utterances above (D.73, D.5 and D.16) are intended
to become sentences, but if they are examined grammatically in Standard
English, the sentences are not correct sentences, although the syntax of a
sentence has a subject (S) and predicate (P). It is because the predicate is not
categorized as a verb phrase (VP).
From the syntactical description, the removal of the verb on the sentence
structures changes the Standard English structure that should be in the form of
the subject NP and VP for predicate. This constructs a new variation with
comprehensible utterances by forming patterns on the subject and AdjP NP for
the predicate, but it only applies to predicate with adjectives.
CONCLUSION
English is a language which expands and becomes an integral part in
almost all the global community; so that English will no longer having a single
system which only the people in Britain and its former colonies has the
privilege to own it. English has also become a means of connecting nations.
Consequently this situation leads to the language paradigms ranging from
Standard English to English with various variations called "Word Englishes".
REFERENCES [1] Alip, FB (2004). The Feasibility of Indonesian English.Retrieved from
http://usd.ac.id.
[2] Aziz, Aulia Lukman. (2014). Strengthening Indonesian Identity as Symbol of
National Identity and Language Unity Ahead of Implementation of the ASEAN
Economic Community (AEC) in2015.JOURNAL OF SOCIAL STUDIES, Th.
6, No. 1, May 2014, 14-20.
[3] Kachru, BB, et al, C. L (Eds). (2009). The Handbook of World Englishes.
Malaysia: Wiley-Blackwell.
[4] Kachru, B. (1997). World Englishes 2000: Resources for research
and teaching. In Smith, LE & Forman, ML (eds), World Englishes:
SelectedEssays,Vol. 14, University of Hawaii, pp. 209-251.
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