Problems of Sectional Balance in 1850 ß California statehood. ß Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession. ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850

Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850

ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Personal liberty laws

Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

ß California statehood.

ß Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession.

ß Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:

Personal liberty laws

Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)

Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896)

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

So this is the lady who started the Civil War.

-- Abraham Lincoln

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

1852 Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Pushed anti-slavery movement…yet led to racist stereotypes!

Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year.

2 million in a decade!

Pushed anti-slavery movement…yet led to racist stereotypes!

Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.

ß Nativists.

ß Anti-Catholics.

ß Anti-immigrants.1849 Secret Order of the

Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1849 Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

1852 Presidential Election1852 Presidential Election1852 Presidential Election1852 Presidential Election

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil

1852Electi

on Resul

ts

1852Electi

on Resul

ts

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

“Bleeding Kansas”“Bleeding Kansas”

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

Border “Ruffians”

(pro-slavery

Missourians)

“The Crime Against Kansas”

“The Crime Against Kansas”

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Mural in the Kansas Capitol building

by John Steuart Curry (20c)

Birth of the Republican Party, 1854Birth of the Republican Party, 1854

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

ß Northern Whigs.

ß Northern Democrats.

ß Free-Soilers.

ß Know-Nothings.

ß Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

1856 Presidential 1856 Presidential ElectionElection

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

1856Electi

on Resul

ts

Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857

What caused thePanic of 1857??What caused thePanic of 1857??

What were itsaffects on the nation?

What were itsaffects on the nation?

Panic of 1857Panic of 1857

• The decision of British investors to remove funds The decision of British investors to remove funds from U.S. banks, which raised questions about from U.S. banks, which raised questions about overall U.S. economic soundnessoverall U.S. economic soundness

• The fall of grain prices, which spread economic The fall of grain prices, which spread economic misery into rural areas, because of the end of misery into rural areas, because of the end of the Crimean War and Russian re-entry into the Crimean War and Russian re-entry into global marketsglobal markets

• The collapse of land speculation programs that The collapse of land speculation programs that depended on new rail routes, ruining thousands depended on new rail routes, ruining thousands of investorsof investors

Panic of 1857Panic of 1857• Proposed that the Treasury be authorized to sell Proposed that the Treasury be authorized to sell

revenue bondsrevenue bonds

• The Tariff Act of 1857 that followed reduced the The Tariff Act of 1857 that followed reduced the average tariff rate to about 20% average tariff rate to about 20%

• The South was much less hard-hit than other regions The South was much less hard-hit than other regions because of the stability of the cotton market.because of the stability of the cotton market.

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

Stephen Douglas

& the

Freeport Doctrine

Stephen Douglas

& the

Freeport DoctrinePopular

Sovereignty?

PopularSovereig

nty?

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

18601860PresidentialPresidential

ElectionElection

18601860PresidentialPresidential

ElectionElection

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

√ Abraham Lincoln

Republican

John BellConstitutional

Union

John BellConstitutional

Union

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

John C. Breckinridge

Southern Democrat

Republican Party Platform in 1860Republican Party Platform in 1860ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

ß Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers].

ß Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].

ß No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].

ß Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest].

ß Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense.

ß Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers].

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: 3 “Outs” & 1 ”Run!”

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

1860

Election

Results

1860

Election

Results

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal

Crittenden Compromise:

A Last Ditch Appeal

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Senator John J. Crittenden

(Know-Nothing-KY)

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861