Jan 17, 2018
Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850 California statehood.
Southern “fire-eaters” threatening secession.
Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: * Personal liberty laws * Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)
Clay’s Last CompromiseNorth gets:CA as free stateLand dispute goes to NM (not
TX)NM & UT given popular
sovereigntySlave trade abolished in DC
South gets:Fugitive Slave ActFederal Gov’t would pay $10m
TX pre-annex debtCongress backed off interstate
slave tradeSlavery in DC protected
Compromise of 1850
HarrietBeecherStowe1811 - 1896
So this is the lady who started the Civil War.
-- Abraham Lincoln
Uncle Tom’s Cabin1852
Sold 300,000 copies in the first year.
2 million in a decade!
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] Nativists.
Anti-Catholics.
Anti-immigrants. 1849 Secret
Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.
1852 Presidential Election
√ Franklin Pierce Gen. Winfield Scott John Parker Hale Democrat Whig Free Soil
1852Electi
on Resul
ts
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Birth of the Republican Party, 1854
Northern Whigs. Northern Democrats. Free-Soilers. Know-Nothings. Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)
Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Whig/American
1856Electi
on Resul
ts
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
Panic of 1857•Ohio Life Insurance & Trust Co.
•Overspeculation of RR & land
• Inflation caused by Gold Rush
•Sinking of 400 pounds of California gold during hurricane
•British removal of deposits led to bank scares (Crimean War)
The Utah War• Mormons were expelled from Missouri with
the Extermination Order in Oct. 1838 – over 60 murdered & innumerable rapes forced
evacuation in winter of ’39– Haun’s Mill Massacre (Oct. 30, 1839)
• Illinois revoked the charter of Nauvoo in 1844 (followed by mob violence and the death of founder Joseph Smith)– Opposition to Mormonism arose over controversial
new Mormon belief in polygamy– Nauvoo legion had 5,000 soldiers (largest militia in
Illinois)• Mormons forced to flee outside the U.S.
border and eventually settled in modern-day Utah– Mormon Battalion formed in 1846 to fight in the
Mexican-American War
Utah War 1857-1858• Buchanan hoped to divert
attention from the slavery • He replaced Brigham Young as
territorial governor and sent an army in the fall of 1857 to deal with the “rebellious” Mormons
• Brigham Young responded by declaring martial law & refusing entrance to outsiders, threatening “to burn everything and withdraw to the hills”
• Mountain Meadow Massacre• “Buchanan’s Blunder” ended in
peaceful compromise
The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858
A House divided against itself, cannot stand.
Stephen Douglas & the
Freeport Doctrine
PopularSovereig
nty?
John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859
John Brown’s Body– John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave;
(3X) – His soul's marching on!
• (Chorus) • Glory, halle—hallelujah! Glory, halle—hallelujah! • Glory, halle—hallelujah! his soul's marching on!
– He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord! (3X)
– His soul's marching on! • (Chorus)
– John Brown's knapsack is strapped upon his back! (3X)
– His soul's marching on! • (Chorus)
– His pet lambs will meet him on the way; (3X) – They go marching on!
• (Chorus) – They will hang Jeff Davis to a sour apple tree! (3X) – As they march along!
• (Chorus) – Now, three rousing cheers for the Union; (3X) – As we are marching on!
(also known as the John Brown Song):
John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr?
Republican Party Platform in 18601.Non-extension of slavery [for the
Free-Soilers]2.Protective tariff [for the No.
Industrialists]3.No abridgment of rights for
immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]
4.Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]
5.Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense
6.Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers]
1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!
1860Preside
ntialElectio
n
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
John BellConstitutional
Union
Stephen A. DouglasNorthern Democrat
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
1860Electio
nResult
s
Crittenden Compromise:
A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity
Senator John J.
Crittenden(Know-
Nothing-KY)
Secession!: SC Dec. 20, 1860
Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861