Probiotics ppt

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PROBIOTICSA Concise Presentation

By

Mr. Deepak Sarangi M.Pharm

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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION HISTORY WHAT ARE PROBIOTICS ? WHY ARE PROBIOTICS IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH MODE OF ACTION CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBIOTICS IDENTIFICATION OF PROBIOTICS PROBIOTICS ARE USED IN SEVERAL CLINICAL CONDITIONS ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES CONCLUSION REFERENCES

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INTRODUCTION The world health organization defines probiotics as live

microorganisms, which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on a host.

The term probiotic comes from the Latin or Greek pro, “before, forward”, and bios, or “life” — thus probiotics are life-promoting. In this case, we use the term probiotics to refer to beneficial bacteria.

The most common types of these beneficial bacteria are Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria.

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HISTORY OF PROBIOTICS- 1965 Probiotics term coined in 1965 by Lilly And Stillwell Probiotics, which means “for life” was meant to contrast

“antibiotics”, popularly prescribed and known to also destroy beneficial organisms and impact the immune system.

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WHAT ARE PROBIOTICS ?

Probiotic - Probiotics defined as microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the host intestinal microbial balance.

Probiotic organisms are live microorganisms thought to be beneficial to the host organism.

According to the currently adopted definition by FAO/WHO, probiotics are: "Live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host".

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria are the most common types of microbes used as probiotics; but certain yeasts and bacilli may also be used.

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WHY ARE PROBIOTICS IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN HEALTH?

Antibiotics

Alcohol consumption

Stress

Destroy the gut micro flora

Problems in digestion

Problems in absorption of

nutrients in the body

Emergence of antibiotic

resistant strains

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WHO NEEDS PROBIOTICS? People who suffer from yeast infections of any kind,

including athlete's foot, jock itch, vaginal yeast infections and nail fungus.

People with weak immune systems, frequent respiratory infections and congestion.

People with food or respiratory allergies. People suffering from inflammatory bowel disorders,

constipation or intestinal infections.

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MODE OF ACTION OF PROBIOTICS production of inhibitory compounds competition for chemicals/available energy competition for adhesion sites (exclusion) enhancement of the immune response improvement of water quality interaction with phytoplankton a source of macro- and micro-nutrients enzymatic contribution to digestion

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CONTD… Production of low-molecular-weight antibacterial

substance that inhibits both gram-positive and gram-negative enteric bacteria.

Also use enzymatic mechanisms to modify toxin receptors and block toxin-mediated pathology.

Also prevent colonization of pathogenic microorganisms by competitive inhibition for microbial adhesion sites.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF PROBIOTICS

Probiotic microorganisms are:

Able to survive the passage through the digestive system

Able to attach to the intestinal epithelia and colonize

Able to Maintain good viability

Able to utilize the nutrients and substrates in a normal diet

Non-pathogenic and non-toxic

Capable of exerting a beneficial effect on the host

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CONTD.. It should be safe to the host. It should not produce any pathogenic or toxic effect. It must be resistance to hydrochloric acid, bile and

pancreatic juice. It should have anti-carcinogenic activity. It should produce lactic acid. It should retain viability during storage and use. It should stimulate the immune system of the body. It should have the ability to colonize the gastrointestinal

tract.

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IDENTIFICATION OF STRAINS OF PROBIOTICS Effects of probiotics are strain specific. Strain identity is important to link a strain to a specific

health effect as well as to enable accurate surveillance and epidemiological studies.

Both phenotypic and genotypic tests should be done using validated standard methodology.

Nomenclature of the bacteria must conform to the current, scientifically recognized names as per the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes (ICPS).

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ACTIONS OF PROBIOTICS Restore the balance b/w ‘Good’ and ‘bad’ bacteria in gut secrete bactericidal proteins ↓ses the pH• Block the attachment & invasion of epithelium by

pathogens • Improve epithelial barrier function ↑ mucus production ↑ barrier integrity

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CONTD… Alter host immune responses stimulate IgA production ↓ proinflammatory cytokines• Produce β-galactosidase, so digest lactose• ↓ production of carcinogenic metabolites

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PROBIOTICS IN INDIAN FOODS In ancient Indian society,

it became common place (and still is) to enjoy a before-dinner yogurt drink called a lassi. These Indian traditions were based on the principle of using milk as a probiotic delivery system to the body.

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PROBIOTICS ARE USED IN SEVERAL CLINICAL CONDITIONS

Probiotics were identified to beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance, thus inhibiting pathogens and toxin producing bacteria.

Today, specific health effects are being investigated and documented including alleviation of chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, prevention and treatment of pathogen-induced diarrhoea, urogenital infections, and atopic diseases.

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ADVANTAGES OF PROBIOTICS1. Antibiotic associated diarrhea2. Probiotics and Cancer3. Hepatic Diseases4. Helicobacter pylori Infections5. Treat high cholesterol6. Use of probiotics beyond GIT (Allergy)

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DISADVANTAGES1. Taking them in larger amounts might produce digestive

issues, such as gas and bloating, but they are usually temporary.

2. treating lactobacillus septicaemia which is a potentially fatal disease caused by the consumption of probiotics.

3. Discomfort in the gastrointestinal tract4. Allergy

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CONCLUSION Due to the many benefits of probiotics in the absence of any risk, they have become a useful tool for the medical community. They not only boost the functioning of the immune system, they naturally aid in fighting bad bacteria by supplying the body with enough good to keep the body in symbiosis. Unlike most traditional therapies for disease and illness, there are no side effects or risks associated with them, nor is there a risk of overdose that leads to the need for a prescription, or the monitoring of a physician.

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REFERENCES Alvarez-Olmos MI, Oberhelman RA; Oberhelman

(2001). "Probiotic agents and infectious diseases: a modern perspective on a traditional therapy". Clin. Infect. Dis. 32 (11): 1567–76.

Fuller R (May 1989). "Probiotics in man and animals". The Journal of Applied Bacteriology 66 (5): 365–78.

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 20 (1367–1377): 1367–1377.

Quigley EMM: The future of probiotics. In Probiotics in Pediatric Medicine. Edited by Michail S, Sherman P. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press; 2008:323-329

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