Probability done by Endrikate

• Players of probability

• Introduction

• History of probability

- A gambler’s game

- Founders

• Yes or No game ( coin toss )

• The game of dice

• Activities related to basic probability

• Quizzes with solutions

• Conclusion

Characters and

their roles

Jerry ( A small

cartoon mouse,

accompany you with

asking and explaining

questions)

Tom ( A cat who will fight

against jerry when jerry won

any of the task )

Bheem ( A small powerful

boy who will help you in

solving tasks and questions )

Johnny ( A boy who

likes to face difficult

problems )

In our day to day life , we often hear some

words, which are given below :-

Probably

Certain

Chance

Luck

In this PPT you will discuss about this in

detail

The word probability means

something happening is likely and

unlikely to happen, it is expressed

in fractions or decimals or in

percentage

Probability terms

Trial :-

An action which results in one

or several outcomes

Outcome :-

A situation that occurs at the end

Event :-

A thing that happens in a

particular situation

Did you know ?

Probability first started by a gambler, who had

put forth a task to two mathematician :-

Blaisie Pascal

Pierre de Fermat

The game consisted in throwing a pair of dice

24 times; the problem was to decide whether or

not to bet even money on the occurrence of at

least one "double six" during the 24 throws.

Now we’ll see the two mathematician

Blaissie Pascal Pierre De Fermat

The problem and others posed by de Méré led to an

exchange of letters between Pascal and Fermat in

which the fundamental principles of probability

theory were formulated for the first time. Although

a few special problems on games of chance had

been solved by some Italian mathematicians in the

15th and 16th centuries, no general theory was

developed before this famous correspondence.

Probability Formula

Let “n” be the number of trials, the empirical probability is

P(E) = Number of trials in which the event happened

Total number of trials

Heads or Tails

Heads

No, it’s

Tails

What is the answer ?

Its Heads , Jerry won the task

Stupid ! You cheesy

fellow, how dare you

are laughing at me

A Dice is a playing equipment with a shape

of cube which contains six standard units.

It is used in number of games like Ludo,

backgammon, dice 100000, snake and

ladders etc…

1. Anish tossed a coin 20 times, see the

table given below :-

Number of times

coin tossed

Number of times

heads turn up

Number of times

tails turn up

20 7 13

What is the probability of heads ?

What is the probability of tails ?

Can you remember the formula ?

P(E) = No. of outcomes

Total no. of outcomes

Number of times heads turn up =13

Probability of heads = 13/20

Number of times tails turn up = 7

Probability of tails = 7/20

Arjun thrown dice 20 times

No. of times dice throwed

1 2 3 4 5 6

20 3 5 2 8 1 1

What is the probability of getting number 2 ?

What is the probability of getting number 4 ?

Total number of times dice thrown = 20

Outcome of number 2 = 5

Outcome of number 4 = 8

Probability of getting number 2 = 5/20 = 1/4

Probability of getting number 4 = 8/20 = 4/5

Answer the

upcoming questions

A coin is tossed 1000 times with the following

frequencies :-

Outcome Heads Tails

Frequency 455 545

Compute the

probability for each

event

Number of times coin tossed = 1000

Number of times heads turn up =455

Number of times tails turn up = 545

Probability of heads = 455/1000 =

91/200

Probability of tails = 545/1000 =

109/200

50 Plants were sown in five different

colonies A, B, C, D and E. After 30 days,

the number of plants survived as

follows:-

Colony A B C D E

No. of plants

survived

40 45 42 38 41

What is the probability that :-

More than 40 plants survived in a colony ?

Less than 41 plants survived in a colony ?

We have total number of colonies = 5

a) Number of colonies in which more than 40 plants survived =

3 ( B, C and E )

Therefore P ( more than 40 plants survived in a colony ) = 3/5

b) Number of colonies in which less than 41 plants survived =

2 ( A and D )

Therefore P ( less than 41 plants survived in a colony ) = 2/5

Friends, I think you are clear

with the problems , now we

will go to an another example

of probability, see the picture

given in the next slide

Now answer these questions :-

What is the probability of

getting spade cards ?

Compute the probability of

getting Ace cards ?

Find the probability of getting

number 10 ?

Total number of card in a deck = 52

Number of spade cards = 13

Probability of getting spade = 13/52 = ¼

Number of Ace cards = 4

Probability of getting ace cards = 4/52 =

1/13

Number of cards “10” = 4

Probability of getting cards 10 = 4/52 =1/13

Friends, Let us

have some fun with

pictures related to

probability

C O N C L U S I O N

Let us summarize

the lesson

Probability is a quantitative

measure of certainty.

The sum of the probabilities of all

elementary events of an

experiment is 1.

Probability of an event lies

between 1 and 0

Probability can never be negative

A pack of cards consists of 52 cards which are

divided into 4 suits of 13 cards each.

Each suit contains one ace, one king, one

queen, one jack and other 9 cards numbered

from 2 to 10.

Four suits are :-

Spade

Hearts

Diamonds

Clubs

Don’t Forget the formula

P(E) = Number of outcomes

Total number of outcomes

This PPT is prepared by

R.Akilan

IX stdRoll no. 922

THANK

YOU