Prevalence of Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma japonicum infection infection in Barangay Magrafil, in Barangay Magrafil, Gonzaga, Cagayan Gonzaga, Cagayan
Apr 14, 2017
Prevalence of Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicumSchistosoma japonicum
infection infection in Barangay Magrafil, in Barangay Magrafil,
Gonzaga, CagayanGonzaga, Cagayan
Schistosoma japonicum eggSchistosoma japonicum egg
Significance of the studySignificance of the study•aid in the evaluation of the spread aid in the evaluation of the spread
of schistosomiasisof schistosomiasis
•updating the recent status updating the recent status regarding the prevalence of regarding the prevalence of schistosomiasis schistosomiasis
•contribute to the development of a contribute to the development of a new strategy in the control of new strategy in the control of schistosomiasis schistosomiasis
Scope and Limitations•Kato-Katz technique in triplicate
•Formalin-Ether concentration technique (FECT) for the identification of helminthic eggs and other protozoan cysts
•did not include the malacological and animal infection aspect
Conceptual frameworkAge
Before entry to school
(0-6 years old)School age children
(7-13 years old)Young adults
working in the field(14-35 years old)
Adults(>35 years old)
Gender(Male, Female)Occupation
(Student, Housewife,
Farmer,etc.)
Prevalence of
Schistosoma
japonicum
infectionFigure 1: Factors affecting S.japonicum infection including age, gender and occupation
Research HypothesisNull Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between S. japonicum infection and the different demographic factors such as age, gender and occupation.
Collection of stool sample with
Barangay Health Workers
Formalin Ether Concentration
Technique
Questionnaire handed out to participants
Kato-Katz technique in
triplicate
Statistical Analysis(Fisher’s Exact
Test)
Gathering of results
Random Sampling (Masterlist
provided by the Municipal Health
Office)
Seek approval and consent of
Municipal Health Office
Methodology
Methodology
Board Templa
te
Diameter Amount of stool
EPG= count x factor
Thickness Hole Diamet
er1.5mm 6.0mm 41.7mg EPG=
count x 24
Organism Light Intensity
Moderate
Intensity
Heavy Intensity
Schistosoma
japonicum
1-99 epg 100-399 epg
≥400 epg
Results and Discussion
Results Number of Positive
Stool samplesPositive 19
Negative 60
Total 79Prevalence Rate 24.05%
Table 1. Presence of S. japonicum eggs using Kato
Katz-technique
Results and Discussion
Demographic Factor
Frequency Percent
Age 26.8 (Mean)Gender
Male 44 55.7 %Female 35 44.3 %
OccupationFarmer 36 45.6 %Student 22 27.8 %Housewife 21 26.6 %
Table 2. Frequency and percentage distribution of
respondents according to demographic factors (age, sex, and occupation)
Results and DiscussionTable 3. Frequency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to age groups
Age
Groups
FECT Kato-Katz
Positiv
e
Negat
ive
p-
valu
e
Positive Negat
ive
p-
valu
e
0 to 6 years
old
1
(14.29%
)
9
(12.5%)
0.410
2
2
(10.52%)
8
(13.33
%)
0.22
44
7 to 13
years old
3
(42.86%
)
13
(18.06
%)
7 (36.8%) 9
(15.0%)
14 to 35
years old
2
(28.57%
)
25
(34.72
%)
4
(21.05%)
23
(38.33
%)
Above 35
years old
1
(14.29%
)
25
(34.72
%)
6
(32.58%)
20
(33.33
%)
Total 7 72 19 60
Results and Discussion
•Age grouping to reflect age specific activities and exposure (Olveda, et.al, 1996)
•No significant difference between age and S. Japonicum infection
•Exposure variation
•Similar trend of positive results – study by Olveda and colleagues (2010)
Results and DiscussionTable 4. Frequency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to gender
Gender
FECT Kato-Katz Positive
Negative
p-value
Positive
Negative p-value
Male 4 (57.14
%)
40 (55.56%
)
1.000
12 (63.16%)
32 (53.33%
)
0.598
Female 3 (42.86
%)
32 (44.44%
)
7 (36.84%)
28 (46.67%
)
Total 7 72
19
60
Results and Discussion
•No significant difference between gender and S. japonicum infection • Agricultural activity of both males and females (Census of Agriculture, 2002)
•Study by Huang•equivocal relationship in gender•culturally variable•subjected to other influence
Table 5. Frequency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to occupation
Occupa
tion
FECT Kato-Katz
Positiv
e
Negativ
e
p-
valu
e
Positive Negativ
e
p-value
Farmer 3
(42.86
%)
33
(45.83%
)
0.68
8
10
(52.63%)
26
(43.33%
)
0.1688
Studen
t
3
(42.86
%)
19
(26.39%
)
7
(36.84%)
15
(25.0%)
Housew
ife
1(14.29
%)
20
(27.78%
)
2
(10.52%)
19
(31.67%
)
Total 7 72 19 60
Results and Discussion
•No significant difference in occupation and S. japonicum infection
•Higher prevalence among farmers due to occupational hazzard
(Leonardo et.al., 2012)
•Students and housewives engaging in domestic activities
Results and Discussion
Parasites Number of
respondents
Ascaris
lumbricoides
15
Hookworm 11
Trichuris trichiura 5
Table 6. Other parasites seen among the respondents
•Mean Age:26.8•Gender distribution: 44 males 35
females•Occupation: farmer, student,
housewife•Prevalence rate= 24.05% (Kato-Katz
technique)•19 positive stool samples•no association with the demographic
factors•Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris
truchiura, and hookworm were also noted
•larger sample sizelarger sample size
•Can include malacological and Can include malacological and animal infection aspectanimal infection aspect
•Microscopic analysis of suspected Microscopic analysis of suspected infected watersinfected waters
Gian Austin R. Angeles Lance Angelo A. ArguellesRoice Angel C. CaguioaHenrick Ryan C. FongAnne Mari Clare D. GanJenice Joy B. Garcia Jaira Lyn D.J. MauhayEdilberto P. Manahan
T h a n k y o u !T h a n k y o u !