Cagayan Man Cagayan Man refers to a group of humans that inhabited the Cagayan Valley area during the Ice Age and which are generally held to be the earliest human inhabitants in the Philippines. This species is also held to be Homo erectus Philippinensis. The largest amount of prehistoric evidence of human existence in the Philippines was found in the Cagayan Valley. This evidence dates back to the Paleolithic Age, showing that Cagayan Man settled in the area over 500,000 years ago. One theory states that the Cagayan Man followed prehistoric animals to the then uninhabited Philippines from another area, through land bridges that connected the islands to the rest of the continent. The Cagayan Valley was then wet and marshy, and Cagayan Man opted to live in the drier forests surrounding the area. Cagayan Man was believed to have settled in communities that consisted of thirty to sixty individuals each, occupying an area of around ten kilometers. Families, composed of close kin and extended relatives, marked out their own territories. The communities settled in areas where food was plentiful and moved to another place when the food supply started to run out. Scientists discovered fossil remains of large animals in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, along with fragments of stone tools which may have been made and used by Cagayan Man for the purpose of hunting and butchering these animals. The fossilized animal bones were identified by Dr. Yves Coppans to be skulls, teeth and tusks from rhinoceros, stegodons, and elaphas (a pygmy elephant). It can thus be said that the Cagayan Man was a cave dweller who used tools made from pebbles and rocks. The sides of the stones were chipped off to create a sharp edge that could be used for cutting. There has also been evidence that these tools have been worked on and refined to give it a better shape. Larger tools were made from rock cores hammered to form a sharp point. These fossilized tools were similar to those found with Java Man and
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Cagayan Man
Cagayan Man refers to a group of humans that inhabited the Cagayan Valley area during the Ice Age and
which are generally held to be the earliest human inhabitants in the Philippines. This species is also held
to be Homo erectus Philippinensis.
The largest amount of prehistoric evidence of human existence in the Philippines was found in the
Cagayan Valley. This evidence dates back to the Paleolithic Age, showing that Cagayan Man settled in
the area over 500,000 years ago. One theory states that the Cagayan Man followed prehistoric animals
to the then uninhabited Philippines from another area, through land bridges that connected the islands
to the rest of the continent. The Cagayan Valley was then wet and marshy, and Cagayan Man opted to
live in the drier forests surrounding the area.
Cagayan Man was believed to have settled in communities that consisted of thirty to sixty individuals
each, occupying an area of around ten kilometers. Families, composed of close kin and extended
relatives, marked out their own territories. The communities settled in areas where food was plentiful
and moved to another place when the food supply started to run out.
Scientists discovered fossil remains of large animals in Tuguegarao, Cagayan, along with fragments of
stone tools which may have been made and used by Cagayan Man for the purpose of hunting and
butchering these animals. The fossilized animal bones were identified by Dr. Yves Coppans to be skulls,
teeth and tusks from rhinoceros, stegodons, and elaphas (a pygmy elephant).
It can thus be said that the Cagayan Man was a cave dweller who used tools made from pebbles and
rocks. The sides of the stones were chipped off to create a sharp edge that could be used for cutting.
There has also been evidence that these tools have been worked on and refined to give it a better
shape. Larger tools were made from rock cores hammered to form a sharp point.
These fossilized tools were similar to those found with Java Man and Peking Man and were dated to the
same time period; however, scientists failed to find fossilized proof of Cagayan Man's bones.
Unlike Tabon Man, whose bones were found by archaeologists in western Palawan, Cagayan Man's
remains eluded archaeologists for a long time. The only proofs of his existence are the tools that he had
produced and used, and the bones of the animals that he had hunted down.
Austronesian languagesFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
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For other uses, see Austronesian (disambiguation).
The Austronesian languages are a language family widely dispersed throughout the islands of
Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia that are spoken
by about 386 million people. It is on par with Indo-European, Niger-Congo, Afroasiatic and
Uralic as one of the best-established ancient language families. Otto Dempwolff, a German
scholar, was the first researcher to extensively explore Austronesian using the comparative
method. Another German scholar, Wilhelm Schmidt, coined the German word austronesisch[1]
which comes from Latin auster "south wind" plus Greek nêsos "island". The name Austronesian
was formed from the same roots. The family is aptly named, as the vast majority of Austronesian
languages are spoken on islands: only a few languages, such as Malay and the Chamic
languages, are indigenous to mainland Asia. Many Austronesian languages have very few
speakers, but the major Austronesian languages are spoken by tens of millions of people and one
Austronesian language, Indonesian, is spoken by over 185 million people, making it the 8th most
spoken language in the world. Also, some Austronesian languages are official languages of their
respective countries (see the list of Austronesian languages).
Different sources count languages differently, but Austronesian and Niger-Congo are the two
largest language families in the world, each having roughly one-fifth of the languages counted.
The geographical span of Austronesian was the largest of any language family before the spread
of Indo-European in the colonial period, ranging from Madagascar off the southeastern coast of
Africa to Easter Island in the eastern Pacific. Hawaiian, Rapanui, and Malagasy (spoken on
Madagascar) are the geographic outliers of the Austronesian family.
According to Robert Blust (1999), Austronesian is divided in several primary branches, all but
one of which are found exclusively on Taiwan. The Formosan languages of Taiwan are grouped
into as many as nine first-order subgroups of Austronesian. All Austronesian languages spoken
outside Taiwan (including its offshore Yami language) belong to the Malayo-Polynesian branch,
Music for the Hanunoo is part of celebrating ordinary and festive occasions. Accompanying themselves
on these instruments as they recite their love poems, the Hanunoo Mangyan pay court to the women.
During the wedding rituals, songs are sung, musical instruments are played, food is eaten, and wine is
drunk. The songs of the Mangyan are lullabies, recollections of war exploits in the distant past,
lamentations, lovelyrics, and stories based on persona.
Filipino Clothing In Retrospect
Filipinos are said to be one of the friendliest people in the world.
They have these exceptional characteristics that foreign people love:
> intelligence> talents for science and art> retentive memory > quick perception
Aside from these characteristics, Filipinos are said to be cheerful people, noted for their incomparable hospitality as well as courtesy. Filipinos are also famous of the close ties with its family, which is probably inherited from the Spaniards. Filipino parents work hard and sacrifice more for the sake of their children so in return, the children will give them respect, love and most of all take care of them when they reached old age.
The Filipino Pride
Filipinos have this exceptional love for their beautiful country making them passionately romantic. They are dedicated to what they do as they are vicious in a battle. Born to be artists, poets, and musicians, Filipinos are noted to be one of the most talented people as they can do everything as long as they love what they are doing. There are many talented Filipinos in the world such as Levi Celerio, Roberto de Ocampo, Maria Teresa Calderon, Allan Pineda of the Black Eye Peas and Filipino fashion designers such as Monique Lhuiller who introduce the modern Filipino clothing to the world. These Filipino talents are famous in various fields may it be in music, art or literature. Filipinos are brave and liberty loving people, which appear from their battle against the Spanish, Americans, and Japanese invaders of their precious native land. And would you believe that they have ranked as one of the bravest people in the world?
Bravery is just one of the primary weapons that Filipinos have. It's not only use in a battle but in any situations as well. For instance those Filipinos who belonged to the unprivileged families would still fight at all cost just to make both ends meet and parents who are sacrificing all just to let their children finish in school. Though Filipinos are having conflicts at times, but when someone needs their help, they unite, support and become cooperative as they value the virtue of helping other people that manifest in the bayanihan tradition meaning cooperation.
Filipinos are good achievers as well. Many of them are now known internationally. These Filipino achievers would include the Filipino fashion designers who have introduced the style of Filipino clothing in the world. Some of these famous fashion designers include Diane Monique Lhuillier, Rafe Totengco, and Mich Dulce. All of them are now competing with the other famous foreign fashion designers which Filipinos can truly be proud of.
Filipino Clothing Evolution
Basically, Filipino clothing is just one of the most significant parts of the Filipino traditions. Since the Philippines is a tropical country with just two seasons which is hot and dry from the month of November to June, and rainy from the month of July to October, the clothing trends will be like shirts and pants while jackets are added during December as it is cold. Here are the various types of the traditional Filipino clothing and accessories;
But since being up to date especially in clothing is somehow what Filipinos love. They have embraced fashion and the tradition Filipino clothing has now become a part of the history. Unlike
the other countries that still promote wearing their traditional clothes, Filipinos nowadays would dress according to the new trend. Filipinos dress for the weather. The casual attire for women are shorts and light blouses while men are collared T-shirts which are worn over slacks. In the evening skirts are commonly substituted for shorts and the T-shirts are tucked in.
The common attire for men particularly if expecting to attend any occasion which would usually need a jacket as well as tie which is not good for a hot weather, hence, a barong tagalog would be a good substitute. As defined, the barong tagalog is traditional Filipino clothing, embroidered shirt and considered as men's formal dress. It comes with a price of at least 1000 pesos but worth buying. Today, you can evidently see the change of the original pre-colonial fashion. Before, those who are privileged can only afford the latest clothing, but now almost everyone can enjoy the fashion at its peak. Since Filipinos are also invaded by Americans who also influence their way of dressing, such as the tendency to follow everything western from various lifestyles, music and fashion.
Culture of the PhilippinesThe culture of the Philippines reflects the country's complex history. It is a blend of the
Malayo-Polynesian and Hispanic cultures, with influence from Chinese, Indians, Arabs, and
other Asian cultures.
The Philippines was first settled by Melanesians, today they preserve a very traditional way of
life and culture, although their numbers are few. After them, the Austronesians or more
specifically; Malayo-Polynesians, arrived on the islands. Today the Austronesian culture is very
evident in the ethnicity, language, food, dance and almost every aspect of the culture. These
Austronesians engaged in trading with China, India, the Middle East, Borneo, Ryukyu and other
places, as a result their cultures have also left a mark on Filipino culture.
When the Spanish colonized the islands, after more than three centuries of colonization, they had
heavily impacted the culture. The Philippines being governed from both Mexico and Spain, had
received lots of Hispanic influence. Mexican and Spanish influence can be seen in the language,
ethnicity, dance, food, religion, architecture, costumes, festivals, crafts and many other aspects of
the culture. After being colonized by Spain, the Philippines became a U.S. territory for about 40
years. Influence from the United States is seen in the wide use of the English language, and the
modern pop culture.
Religion
The Philippines is one of two predominantly Roman Catholic nations in Asia-Pacific, the other
being East Timor. From a census in 2000, Catholics constitute 82.9% (Roman Catholic 80.9%,
Aglipayan 2%), with Evangelical Christians at 2.8%, Iglesia Ni Cristo at 2.3%, and other
Christian denominations at 4.5%. Islam is the religion for 5% of the population, while 1.8%
practice other religions. The remaining 0.6 did not specify a religion while 0.1% are irreligious.[1]
Before the arrival of the Spaniards and the introduction of Roman Catholicism and Western
culture in the 16th century, the indigenous Austronesian people of what is now called the
Philippines were adherents of a mixture of shamanistic Animism, Islam, Hinduism and
Arts of the Philippines cover a variety of forms of entertainment. Folk art and Primitive art
consist of classic and modern features that flourished as a result of European and Indigenous
influences.
Literature
The literature of the Philippines illustrates the Prehistory and European colonial legacy of the
Philippines, written in both Indigenous and Hispanic writing system. Most of the traditional
literatures of the Philippines were written during the Mexican and Spanish period. Philippine
literature is written in Spanish, Filipino, Tagalog, English and other native Philippine languages.
Visual arts
Painting
Early Filipino painting can be found in red slip (clay mixed with water) designs embellished on
the ritual pottery of the Philippines such as the acclaimed Manunggul Jar. Evidence of Philippine
pottery-making dated as early as 6,000 BC has been found in Sanga-sanga Cave, Sulu and
Laurente Cave, Cagayan. It has been proven that by 5,000 BC, the making of pottery was
practiced throughout the country. Early Filipinos started making pottery before their Cambodian
neighbors, and at about the same time as the Thais as part of what appears to be a widespread Ice
Age development of pottery technology.
Further evidences of painting are manifested in the tattoo tradition of early Filipinos, whom the
Portuguese explorer referred to as Pintados or the 'Painted People' of the Visayas.[3][4] Various
designs referencing flora and fauna with heavenly bodies decorate their bodies in various colored
pigmentation. Perhaps, some of the most elaborate painting done by early Filipinos that survive
to the present day can be manifested among the arts and architecture of the Maranao who are
well known for the Naga Dragons and the Sarimanok carved and painted in the beautiful
Panolong of their Torogan or King's House.
Filipinos began creating paintings in the European tradition during 17th century Spanish period.[5] The earliest of these paintings were Church frescoes, religious imagery from Biblical sources,
as well as engravings, sculptures and lithographs featuring Christian icons and European
nobility. Most of the paintings and sculptures between the 19th and 20th centuries produced a
mixture of religious, political, and landscape art works, with qualities of sweetness, dark, and
light.
Early modernist painters such as Damián Domingo was associated with religious and secular
paintings. The art of Juan Luna and Felix Hidalgo showed a trend for political statement. The