Presentation on 3G and 4G

Presented by:

RYTHIMA KALRA

3G is the third generation of wireless technologies. It comes with enhancements over previous wireless technologies, like high-speed transmission, advanced multimedia access and global roaming. 3G is mostly used with mobile phones and handsets as a means to connect the phone to the Internet or other IP networks in order to make voice and video calls, to download and upload data and to surf the net. 3G follows a pattern of G's that started in the early 1990's by the ITU. The pattern is actually a wireless initiative called the IMT-2000 (International Mobile Communications 2000).

For augmented bandwidth, multiple mobile applications and clarity of digital signals, 3G (Third Generation Technology) is the gateway. The use of 3G technology is able to transmit packet switch data efficiently at better and increased bandwidth. 3G mobile technologies offers more advanced services to mobile users. It can help many multimedia services to function. The spectral efficiency of 3G technology is better than 2G technologies.

Spectral efficiency is the measurement of rate of

information transfer over any communication sytem. 3G is also known as IMT-2000.

How 3G iz better? 3G has the following enhancements over

2.5G and previous networks: Several times higher data speed; Enhanced audio and video streaming; Video-conferencing support; IPTV (TV through the Internet) support.

Characterstics……• 3G (Third Generation Technology) technologies make use

of value added services like mobile television, GPS (global positioning system) and video conferencing.

• The basic feature of 3G Technology is fast data transfer rates.

• 3G technology is much flexible, because it is able to support the 5 major radio technologies. These radio technologies operate under CDMA, TDMA and FDMA.CDMA holds for IMT-DS (direct spread), IMT-MC (multi carrier) and IMT-TC(Time Code). TDMA accounts for IMT-TC (time code), IMT-SC (single carrier) and IMT-FT(Frequency –Time). FDMA has only one radio interface known as IMT-FT or frequency time. 3G system is compatible to work with the 2G technologies.

What we require for 3G? The first thing you require is a device (e.g. a mobile phone) that is 3G

compatible. An example is the iPhone 3G. 3G phones commonly have two cameras since the technology allows the user to have video calls, for which a user-facing camera is required for capturing him/her.

Unlike with Wi-Fi which you can get for free in hotspots, you need to be subscribed to a service provider to get 3G network connectivity. We often call this kind of service a data plan or network plan.

Your device is connected to the 3G network through its SIM card (in the case of a mobile phone) or its 3G data card (which can be of different types: USB, PCMCIA etc.), which are both generally provided/sold by the service provider. Through that, you get connected to the Internet whenever you are within a 3G network. Even if you are not in one, you can still use 2G or 2.5G services provided by the service provider.

What does 3G cost?3G is not very cheap, but it is worthwhile for users

that need connectivity on the move. Some providers offer it within a somewhat costly package, but most of them have plans where the user pays for the amount of data transferred. This is because the technology is packet-based. For example, there are service plans where there is a flat rate for the first Gigabyte of data transferred, and a per minute cost for each additional Megabyte.

Features of 3G….Data rates IMT-2000 will provide higher transmission rates: a minimum data rate of 2

Mbit/s for stationary or walking users, and 384 kbit/s in a moving vehicle,"[21] the ITU does not actually clearly specify minimum or average rates or what modes of the interfaces qualify as 3G, so various rates are sold as 3G intended to meet customers expectations of broadband data.

Security 3G networks offer greater security than their 2G predecessors. By allowing the

UE (User Equipment) to authenticate the network it is attaching to, the user can be sure the network is the intended one and not an impersonator. 3G networks use the KASUMI block crypto instead of the older A5/1 stream cipher. However, a number of serious weaknesses in the KASUMI cipher have been identified.[22]

In addition to the 3G network infrastructure security, end-to-end security is offered when application frameworks such as IMS are accessed

Advantages of 3G……. The Functions

People can perform a lot of functions such as sending information and data and acquiring these via wireless access. You get to have data regardless of the time and location. 3G is the latest mobile technology and is now the fastest growing host among mobile units and handsets. 3G provides you with the highest speed possible, compared to other technologies before it.

You get to have faster connectivity, music entertainment with better quality and faster access to the internet. You can also avail of the benefits of video calling because of the faster speed. You get to enjoy calls to family and friends all over the world with video call facility. The quality and clarity are enhanced, with the facility enjoyable as long as the two parties are using the 3G technology.

Using the TechnologyPeople can use their handsets and let it function as a modem for their computer to mail and send necessary documents. Downloading songs and games will be much faster compared to older technologies. People can also enjoy and download the favorite games via their mobile units and play simultaneously. The latest music videos and songs can be acquired very easily. The technology also allows very quick downloads, so you need only a few minutes to download albums and movie clips.

Getting InformationGetting information is one of the best features of 3G technology. You can also watch the latest news and headlines, getting data like the weather, sports and economic details. You get to acquire the latest scores in an ongoing baseball match and other favorite sports. The 3G cellular phones with the very advanced feature can feature highlights of popular sports and shows. The improved quality of services and speed of 3G phones can allow you to watch music videos and movie clips with crisp and clear photos, compared to 2.5G technology phones.

Higher SpeedWith 3G technology, you get to enjoy data transmission speed leading up to 2Mbps, considering that you have a phone in stationary mode. It also gives you high degree of connectivity and higher networking, plus resistance to noise.

The technology has enhanced the bit rate, allowing service providers to give high speed internet facilities, higher call volumes and host of the multimedia applications that can be given to the customers. All the services can be given to the customers based on the data quantity transmitted and not on the time used for the service. The services rendered to clients are cheaper overall.

On Price

Despite the new speeds and features of 3G technology, the prices of handsets and mobile units are relatively the same. The most recent models, however, may be priced higher compared to those featuring 2.5G. You can avail of discounts and other promos by visiting web sites and other private sellers on the market.

Disadvantages of 3G….Connectivity:- Because 3G relies on area-specific connectivity,many

users have faced problems..eg:if we live in an area where 3g connectivity iz officially low then ,we will not be able to benefit its full services.

Hardware n software Faults:- there were many hardware n software faults experienced like when d users are connected to AT&T’s GSM (2G) n EDGE networks 3g connections are proving difficult similarly in 2010 iphone 4 users have complained about the failure of the 3g connection,slow n even non existant 3g connectivity in areas which do have 3g signal

What iz 4G?4G is short for Fourth (4th) Generation Technology.

4G Technology is basically the extension in the 3G technology with more bandwidth and services offers in the 3G. 4G technology is basically the high quality audio/video streaming over end to end Internet 4G Technology offers high data rates that will generate new trends for the market and prospects for established as well as for new telecommunication businesses. 4G networks, when tied together with mobile phones with in-built higher resolution digital cameras and also High Definition capabilities will facilitate video blogs.

4G technologies

WiMax

LTE

HSPA+

WiMAX iz a standards-based technology enabling the delivery of last mile wireless broadband access as an alternative to cable and DSL".[3] WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) is a trademark for a family of telecommunications protocols that provide mobile Internet access. The 2005 WiMAX revision provided bit rates up to 40 Mbit/s[1][2] with the 2011 update of 1 Gbit/s for fixed stations.

WiMax

UsesThe bandwidth and range of WiMAX make it suitable for

the following potential applications:Providing portable mobile broadband connectivity across

cities and countries through a variety of devices.Providing a wireless alternative to cable and

digital subscriber line (DSL) for "last mile" broadband access.

Providing data, telecommunications (VoIP) and IPTV services (triple play).

Providing a source of Internet connectivity as part of a business continuity plan

WiMax Base Station Aerial

Advantages of WiMaxOne of the significant advantages of advanced wireless

systems such as WiMAX is spectral efficiency. For example, 802.16-2004 (fixed) has a spectral efficiency of 3.7 (bit/s)/Hertz, and other 3.5–4G wireless systems offer spectral efficiencies that are similar to within a few tenths of a percent. The notable advantage of WiMAX comes from combining SOFDMA with smart antenna technologies. This multiplies the effective spectral efficiency through multiple reuse and smart network deployment topologies. The direct use of frequency domain organization simplifies designs , resulting in more effective systems.

LTE….3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a standard for

wireless communication of high-speed data. It is based upon GSM/EDGE and UMTS/HSPA network technologies.[1][2] The standard is maintained as a project of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), operating under a name trademarked by one of the associations within the partnership, the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).

Goal of LTE….The goal of LTE is to increase the capacity and

speed of wireless data networks utilizing cutting-edge hardware and DSP techniques that have recently been developed. Its wireless interface is incompatible with 2G and 3G networks, and so it must be operated on separate wireless spectrum.

Features of LTE….Features of LTE include an all-IP flat network

architecture, end-to-end QoS including provisions for low-latency communications, peak download rates nearing 300 mbps and upload rates of 75 mbps, capacity exceeding 200 active users per cell, the ability to manage fast-moving mobiles, and support for multi-cast and broadcast streams.

HSPA+…HSPA+ provides High Speed Packet Access data

rates up to 84 Megabits per second (Mbit/s) on the downlink and 22 Mbit/s on the uplink through the use of a HSPA+ also introduces an optional all-IP architecture for the network where base stations are directly connected to IP based backhaul and then to the ISP's edge routers. The technology also delivers significant battery life improvements multiple-antenna technique .

Features of 4G technology…   4G technology is likely to enable ubiquitous computing, that will

simultaneously connects to numerous high date speed networks offers faultless handoffs all over the geographical regions. Many network operators possibly utilize technologies for example; wireless mesh networks and cognitive radio network to guarantee secure connection & competently allocates equally network traffic and bandwidth.

Some of the companies trying 4G mobile communication at 100 Mbps for mobile users and up to 1 Gbps over fixed stations. As far as other competitor’s mobile communication companies working on 4G technology even more quickly. The word “MAGIC” also refers to 4G technology which stands for Mobile multimedia, Any-where, Global mobility solutions over, Integrated wireless and Customized service

4G is a multi purpose and versatile technology hence it can utilize almost all of the packet switched technologies. It can use both orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA).

OFDM mechanism splits a digital signal into different narrowband and frequencies. The reason why 4G makes use of this technology lies in its ability to minimize the intervention among symbols and channels associated to data streaming.4G is also capable of using multiple input / multiple output technology (MIMO).this antenna technology is used to optimize the data speed and reduce the errors in the networks.

Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS) which is basically a broadband 3G technology is also a part of 4G. This broadband technology transfers data in the form of frames or packets. Hence it is capable of carrying voice, video, text and other types of multimedia datagram with the speed of 2Mb. UMTS is part of 4G because it can enables 4G to make use of international mobile phone roaming via using GSM (Global system for Mobile Communications).another wireless telecommunication technology known as time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) provides support to 4G to transfer both circuit switched data like video and voice and packet switched data

Various techniques used by 4G…* Uses both OFDM and OFDMA: 4G is a multipurpose technology

and its versatility lies in the fact that it can utilize almost all packet-switched technologies. 4G can use both the OFDM or the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing and the OFDMA or the Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access. OFDM can split a signal into various frequencies and narrowband. 4G is able to reduce the intervention among symbols that are associated with data streaming.

* 4G also uses MIMO: 4G technology also uses the Multiple Input/Multiple Output technology (MIMO). Through this antenna technology, you can reduce the errors in the networks and can optimize the data speed.

* UMTS is also a part of 4G: Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service or UMTS was a part of 3G and is also constitutes an important part in the 4G. This broadband technology is able to transfer data in the form of packets or frames. This special feature makes it capable of carrying text, voice, video with 2mb speed. Through UMTS, 4G can make use of international mobile phone via GSM.

The telecommunication industry has already started deploying 4G wireless technologies since early 2007. If the flexibility and versatility of 4G technology can be used along with GSM, it can provide mobile phones an edge over all other technologies. Smart phones, like the iPhones, are also devices that support the working of video blogs.

Main thurst of 4g technologies iz to provide the high speed ,high bandwidth n packetized data communication

Packet switching is more desirable to carriers and providers than circuit switching . One reason is capacity.

Packetized data communications refers to the digital signaling technique in which information (voice or data) is converted into binary code and partitioned into short segments. These segments are then reassembled in the correct order and converted back into usable information at the destination.

  Current wireless systems share channels in a packet environment to deliver

voice communications. In packet switching, only actual voice content is packetized and sent to the system. Advances in technology and in multiple access techniques have made this possible.

Advantages of 4G……. * Higher bandwidth

* Better response time. 10 times better than 3G* Works at 2.6GHz frequency which means better coverage even though it uses the same tower where the receiver and transmitter for 3G is.* Less time to build 4G because it use the same tower and fiber cables as 3Gs - they only have to upgrade the towers with 4G components.

Disadvantages...New technology wich makes it more expensive than

3G

Thank u!!