Presentation dhaka2

aFamily Poultry development towards the achievement

of the UN Millennium Development Goals

Photo Prof. Dr. Gouranga Ch. Chanda

Antonio Rota

IFAD Senior Technical Adviser

Livestock and Farming Systems

7th International Poultry Show and Seminar

Dhaka, 25-27 March, 2011

a

Enabling the rural poorto overcome poverty

International Fund for Agriculture Development - IFAD

a

• 860 projects in 117 countries

• Supported 371 million rural poor• Total IFAD disbursement: USD 11,9 billion

• USD 808.4 million in 33 new projects in 2010

IFAD at work

From 1979 to 2009:

a Smallholder farming

500 million smallholder farms worldwide supporting around 2 billion people. They:– Farm 80% of the farmland in

Asia and Africa

– Produce 80% of the food consumed in the developing world

– Feed 1/3 of the global population

– Women are increasingly the farmers of the developing world, producing between 45%and 80% of household food

a Food Security and Production

• The world’s population is projected to grow from 6.8billion to 9.1 billion by 2050

• Agriculture production in the developing countries would need to almost double

a Factors determining rural poverty

Lack of assets, land and water

Lack of access to financial services &

technology

Risk and vulnerability

Lack of political

representation for rural poor

Conflicts and Crises

Inappropriate government

policiesPoor

integration

with local,

regional &

international

markets

Lack of skills and weak

organizations

a Fighting poverty

• Fighting poverty has become a priority

• 189 World Leaderscommitted themselves to address poverty in 2000

• Millennium Development Goals

a Role of livestock

Worldwide there is evidence of a direct linkage between

improvement of livestock

production and poverty

reduction

a Livestock Sector

• The livestock sector is essential to the

livelihoods of about 1 billion of the

world’s poorest people

• It accounts for 30% of the agricultural

GDP in developing countries

• It grows faster than most other

agricultural sub-sectors

(WB, 2009)

aConsumption of livestock products

in developing countries

a Meat production in developing countries

a

Poultry, rabbits, guinea pigs, sheep, goats, pigs… are the animals of the poorest. Why?:

– Even landless can keep them (sometime they are their only asset)

– Reproduce fast

– Efficiently transform roughages, shrubs, kitchen waste… into highly valuable food

– Produce manure which is often the only input for crop production

– No need for big starting capitals

– Easily sold or bartered

– Highly mobile in case of crisis/disaster

– Socio-cultural value

Small Livestock (SL)

a Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)

• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger

• Achieve universal primary education

• Promote gender equality and empower women

• Reduce child mortality

• Improve maternal health

• Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

• Ensure environmental sustainability

• Develop a global partnership for development

aIFAD Projects with rural poultry

development component

Project with a Rural Poultry

Development component – on

going

Project with a Rural Poultry Development

component – completed

aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty

and hunger

• Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than 1 USD a day

• Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

• Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

TARGET

aSource: World Bank 2009

Living with $ 1.25 a day

a Child malnutrition Source: World Bank 2009

aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty

and hunger

Small Livestock:

• Contribute to human nutritionproviding food with high quality macro and micronutrients

• Generate small income and provide the potential to ‘bank’ savings, which enhances the capacity to cope with shocks and reduces economic vulnerability

• In times of crises (i.e. drought, flooding, conflicts), play an important role as ‘mobile’ food asset

aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger (nutrition)

• Poverty leads to a human diet that is lacking in diversity:

– Low in vitamin A, vitamin B-12, riboflavin, calcium, iron and zinc

– Causes anemia, poor growth, rickets, impaired cognitive performance, blindness, neuromuscular deficits, and in the worst cases death.

– Foods of animal origin are particularly rich sources of all six of these nutrients, and relatively small amounts of these foods can improve the quality of the total diet substantially (Murphy and Allen, 2003).

• 40-50% of eggs and poultry produced is self-consumed.

Data from Dr. Frands Dolberg

aPoultry used for poverty alleviation helps increase equity of

consumption of other (animal) products: Bangladesh.

MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger (nutrition)

Data from Dr. Frands Dolberg

1.2Grain

3.0Milk

2.0Meat (beef and goat)

1.2Fish

2.4Chicken meat

2.5Eggs

Increase in consumption by factor:Food item

aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger (impact)

Impact of the Village Poultry Programme

Afghanistan:

• Profitability 91.0 %

• Interest to keep Poultry 95.7%

• Family egg consumption 88.9%

• Chicken meat consumption 67.7%

• Egg selling 87.5%

Data from FAO, 2006

aMDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger (impact)

23-40 USD per monthn.a.Avg. income per month

for Women Poultry

Group Leader

providing services (i.e.

vaccination)

n.a.10-12 USD Avg. income per month

from chicken

144 USD (max. 250 USD)12-13 USD (max. 30 USD)Avg. income per month

from eggs

2410 eggs (max. 2830 eggs)125 eggs (max. 309 eggs)Avg. eggs per year

15.4 hens2.5 hens (max. 5.7 hens)Flock size

Improved PoultryTraditional PoultryAfghanistan

a

Comparison of profitability of different rural poultry enterprises

Bangladesh:

8.413.093802.142933.94527.881396.084329.99Poultry Worker

2.432.0820349.6717999.0413606.7415957.3733956.41Mini Hatchery

1.241.1116184.437636.7765130.7373678.2381315.00Model Breeder

5.993.8617529.0416326.834568.215770.4222097.25Key Rearer

1.601.5137947.0934336.8762313.3665923.58100260.45Chick Rearer

BCR

(Cash

Cost)

BCR

(Full

cost)

Gross

margin

Net

Return

Cash

cost

Gross

cost

Gross

Return

Components

(Taka per year)Data from Dr. Meherunnesa Chowdhury Sumy

Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

MDG 1. Eradicate extreme poverty and

hunger (impact)

BCR: Benefit Cost Ratio

aMDG 2. Achieve universal primary

education

• Inability of families to meet the costs of schooling is often the main reason why children cannot attend school or drop out at an early stage

• Selling SL and their products provides one of the few possibilities for poor households to generate cash income to meet yearly school fees

• Children with access to quality food (proteins and vitamins) have better health and take full advantage of the education they receive

aMDG 3. Promote gender equality and

empower women

• Women are the main caretakers of SL –especially where animals are kept near the house.

• They are often responsible for processing livestock products

• The ownership of SL gives them control over this asset and contributes to their empowerment

• Keeping SL enhances their status/self-esteem at household and community level

• Incremental increases in household income controlled by women have a demonstrated multiplier effect in enhancing family well-being

• The increase of daily burdens by keeping poultry is negligible.

a MDG 4. Reduce child mortality

UN MDG Report 2010

a MDG 4. Reduce child mortality

• The consumption of even small quantities of milk, milk products, meat and eggs is essential for reducing child mortality and improving healthy child development

• Poor households can cover health expenses and purchase medicines with incomes generated from their poultry

• However, the close contact between badly managed chicken and children can result zoonotic diseases

a

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO

REDUCED CHILD MALNUTRITION

(Sixty three countries : 1970-96)

43%

26%

19%

12%

Women's Education

Food Availability

Access to Safe Drinking

Water

Women's Status

Data from IFPRI L.C.Smith, L.Haddad (1999) through Dr. Frands Dolberg

MDG 4. Reduce child mortality

a MDG 5. Improve maternal health

• Consumption of milk, eggs

and occasionally meat

contribute significantly to

the nutritional status of

women

• Income generation from

livestock owned by women

can also help to improve

maternal health

aMDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and

other diseases

aMDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

a

• In HIV/AIDS affected household, young people (orphans) can better handle SL rather than large animals

• Using compatible infrastructures for human and animal health (i.e. cold chain for vaccines) may result in cost savings and better effectiveness

MDG 6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases

aMDG 7. Ensure environmental

sustainability

• Rural poultry is

environmentally sound

• Rural poultry reduces

insect pest (ticks!)

• Manure from poultry

contributes to increase

vegetable production

aMDG 8. Develop a global partnership

for development

• Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system.

• Address the special needs of the least developed countries

Targets

a

Net Export

Net Import

2015: -2,360

2030: -3,520

2015: -2,950

2030: -4,000

2015: -80

2030: -410

2015: 1,770

2030: 2,770

2015: -280

2030: -740

North America

Latin America

Sub-Saharan Africa

European

Union (15)

Transition

Countries

South Asia East

Asia

Oceania

Near East /

North Africa

2015: -1,900

2030: -1,090

Source: FAO 2002

Projected Net Trade In Meat (thousand MTs)

aMDG 8. Develop a global partnership

for development

Specific actions and policiesare required to reduce transaction costs and barriers to market access which presently hamper poor (producers and consumers) to benefit from global livestock trade and growing demand for livestock products

a Conclusions

Double the daily income of USD 1?

Generate employment?

QUESTION: By keeping SMALL LIVESTOCK is it possible

for poor resource persons to:

Improve (child) nutrition?

Contribute empowering women?

Improve (child) health?

� YES

� YES

� YES

� YES

� YES

Ensure environmental sustainability? � YES

Unfortunately without additional efforts, several of the

MDGs are unlikely to be achieved in many countries

aInternational and national institutions, policy and decision makers are still reluctant to support the development of the SL sector

WHAT DO WE NEED TO MAKE A REAL CHANGE?

– Raise the awareness of decision-makers in national governments and donor agencies about the effectiveness of rural poultry as a tool for poverty reduction.

– Effective and consistent national pro-poor policies which are crucial to capitalise on the opportunities offered by the increasing demand for livestock products and poverty-focused agendas of several countries;

– Livestock farmers institutions which can help to voice their needs and facilitate the provision of services and inputs to the farming communities;

– Participatory adaptive research which is needed to identify appropriate technologies/models which are pro-poor, sustainable, economically viable and environmentally sound;

– Adapted Extension and Training for capacity building, especially for women;

– Market led approach by producers supported by effective/accessible/qualitative services (breeding, veterinary services, credit, processing, marketing, extension/training, etc.) and infrastructures;

– Personal commitment from “like minded” people to advocate for pro-poor development to achieve the MDGs through the promotion of the SL sector.

Conclusions

a

What IFAD is doing to support rural poultry?

– Promoting rural poultry as an effective tool for poverty

reduction, for food security and gender empowerment.

– Strengthening the International Network for Family Poultry

Development – INFPD

– Funding Investment Projects that improve capacity building

at all level; access to credit and market; bio-safety as a mean for reducing the impact of diseases and public health risks.

– Supporting research and up-scaling of successful models and technologies (i.e. Mini-hatcheries technology).

Conclusions

a Proposed Actions

IFAD is prepared to work together with national/international institutions committed to pro-poor livestock to:

Develop a business-like approach to sensitise national policy, decision makers and donors about the effectiveness of rural poultry development to reduce poverty. This entails:

– Identifying rural poultry development projects, models and approaches (i.e. Bangladesh model developed by the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) and the Government of Bangladesh) that “work” and characterise their key success factors for up-scaling.

– Gathering socio-economic data to demonstrate the return in terms of poverty reduction for each 1 USD invested in poultry production.

– Identifying examples of effective national policies enhancing food security and supporting smallholder poultry farmers business.

– Developing regional/national project proposals for substantial investments in the rural poultry sector in partnership with the private sector.

Thank youAntonio Rota ([email protected])

IFAD, Senior Technical AdviserLivestock and Farming SystemsPolicy and Technical Advisory Division

Via Paolo di Dono 44

00142 Rome, Italy

Tel. +39 06 5459 2680

Fax + 39 06 5459 3680

Please join the Community of Practice for Pro-Poor

Livestock Development

www.cop-ppld.net

a