Presentation

THE ANCIENT EGYPT

This map is based around 400 ad. and shows all of the cities of ancient Egypt.

Egypt is known for their astonishing pyramids. Some of the man made pyramids are as big as 450 feet. There are 138 pyramids discovered in Egypt as of 2008.

Social structureAncient Egypt was ruled by a very small rich upper class who enjoyed power and wealth while the large masses of Egyptian workers and peasants struggled to subsist.

HousesHouses in Ancient Egypt were made out of mud bricks. The average

Egyptian home had four rooms—a central room with smaller rooms joined to it. The central room was usually higher than the other rooms so that small openings for air could be placed high in the wall.

FoodBecause Egypt was very dry, and relied mostly on

the Nile river to water the crops, the Egyptians could only grow certain kinds of food. Mainly they grew wheat and barley. The Egyptians made the wheat into bread and into soup and porridge,

Family lifeWomen attend markets and are employed in trade, while men

stay at home and do the weaving! Men in Egypt carry loads on their head, women on their shoulder. Women pass water standing up, men sitting down

MarriageThe family was broken down into roles that each

would play in order for things to run smoothly. The father was the one who would work all day. In smaller households the mother was in charge of all things pertaining to the house. Cooking, cleaning and watching the children were all her responsibilities

childhoodAncient Egyptians owned dolls with real hair knotted into the heads.

They played ball and stick games, they ran around naked until puberty and imitated their mothers and fathers at their work at home or in the field.

EducationChildren in Ancient Egypt stayed with their mothers until the age of four. During these

years, a strong respect for their mothers was instilled in the children. At the age of four, education of the boys was taken over by their fathers. Some children at this time attended a general village school while others attended a school designed for a specific career such as a priest or a scribe. Schools taught writing, reading, math, and sports as well as morals and manors

ReligionReligion is very important to the ancient

Egyptians. The pharaoh was associated with Horus, son of Re the sun god. Later it was believed that at death he became Osiris, or an Osiris, and would help the Egyptians in their afterlife.

clothingThe Egyptian climate with its hot summers and mild winters

favoured light clothing made from plant fibres. Animal skins were sometimes worn by priests and by pharaohs in their role as first servants of the god.

The ArtsThe Egyptians made statues, reliefs, paintings, pottery, jewelry,

sculptures and coffins. They made art for gods, kings and queens, and for the dead in their tombs. Music found its way into many contexts in Egypt: temples, palaces, workshops, farms, battlefields and the tomb. Music was an integral part of religious worship in ancient Egypt.

ConclusionAncient Egypt is an extraordinary place with

many amazing sights. The pyramids are by far one of the greatest mysteries of the world. The Great Pyramid of Giza is one of the 7 wonders of the world. It is unbelievable that humans could have made such a remarkable structure. Thank you for listening to my presentation.

Ancient Greeks

Greece: the basis of the West

Some important places -

Athens

Sparta

Corinth

Thebes

Olympia

Troy

Ephesus

The Greeks didn’t stay put in Greece or the Aegean, though. They colonized all over the Mediterranean

As your book notes, geography helped shaped Greek civilization

• Rugged rocky terrain meant that the interaction, communication, and ability to travel that’s necessary for empire was difficult

• The cities developed as city-states and were fiercely independent. They each also developed their own government and sub-culture while remaining Greek.

• The Greeks were pretty proud of themselves. The ability to speak Greek marked one as civilized. Those who couldn’t (or whose first language wasn’t Greek) were barbarians.

• In fact, ‘barbarian’ comes from the Greek word barbaros. That’s because it sounded to the Greeks like non-Greeks were just going “Bar bar bar bar.”

Mycenaeans

• Early Greek civilization lasting from about 1600-1100 BC

• They extended through southern Greece and even onto Crete

• On Crete, they defeated the Minoans and adopted their system of writing

• The Minoans used a syllabic script we call Linear A which the Mycenaeans adapted to early Greek and is called Linear B

• While Linear B was deciphered in the 1950’s, Linear A is still a mystery

Linear A Linear B

The Mycenaean civilization suddenly collapsed around 1100 BC. It entered a dark age from which we have no written records

• One theory is that the Dorians invaded and conquered the Mycenaeans, but this is disputed. We do know Mycenae and the other cities suffered damage.

The Dark Ages

• Greece had its own. No written records from the time are extant.

Mask of Agamemnon

• Uncovered by Schliemann in Mycenae

• Funeral mask

• Not really Agamemnon’s

Lion’s Gate Entrance to citadel at Mycenae

Entrance to the tholos tomb in Mycenae. That doorway is 18 feet high. Note the relieving arch. The inner lentil weighs 100 tons. How’d they do that?!

Homer

• THE Greek poet

• In writings, the Greeks would often refer to him simply as ‘the poet.’ Everybody knew Homer.

• Wrote the Iliad about the Trojan war and the Odyssey about Odysseus's journey home

• Good stuff and it informs about Greek character

• And the Odyssey has cyclops, sirens, monsters, witches, revenge. How can you go wrong with that?

• Debate whether he actually existed.

• There are linguistic and style differences between the two epics

• At any rate, it’s the writing down of oral tales

• Professional storytellers would tells the tales and poems.

• They’d have the entire thing memorized. They were the entertainers of the day.

• Great opening passages

Aegean Civilizations(Minoan Civilization, Rulers of Mycenae, and the Age of Homer)

Presentation created by Robert L. Martinez

Primary Content Source: Prentice Hall World History

Images as cited.

Washed by the warm waters of the Aegean Sea, Crete was home to a brilliant early civilization. Minoan civilization reached its height between 1750 B.C.E. and 1500 B.C. E.

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The success of the Minoans was based on trade, not conquest. Minoan traders set up outposts throughout the Aegean world. For their island home in the eastern Mediterranean, they crossed the seas to the Nile Valley and the Middle East.

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The rulers of this trading empire lived a vast palace at Knossos. It housed rooms for the royal family, banquet halls, and working areas for artisans. It included religious shrines, dedicated to their gods and goddesses.

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The walls of the palace were covered with colorful frescoes (watercolor paintings). These frescoes tell us much about Minoan society. Leaping dolphins reflect the importance of the sea. Religious images indicate that the Minoans worshipped the bull and mother goddess.

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The frescoes suggest that women appeared freely in public and may have enjoyed more rights than women in most other ancient civilizations.

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By 1400 B.C.E., Minoan civilization had vanished. No one is sure of the reasons for the disappearance. A sudden volcanic eruption on a nearby island may have rained flaming death on Knossos. An earthquake may have destroyed the palace, followed by a tidal wave that drowned the inhabitants.

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However, invaders certainly played a role in the destruction of Minoan civilization. These intruders were the Mycenaeans, the first Greek-speaking people.

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Like the Aryans who swept into India, the Mycenaeans were an Indo-European people. They conquered the Greek mainland before overrunning Crete.

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Mycenaean civilization dominated the Aegean world from about 1400 B.C.E. to 1200 B.C.E. Like the Minoans, the Mycenaeans were sea traders. They reached out beyond the Aegean Sea to Sicily, Italy, Egypt, and Mesopotamia.

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The Mycenaeans lived in separate city-states on the mainland. In each, a warrior-king built a think-walled fortress from which he ruled the surrounding villages.

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The Mycenaeans are best remembered for their part in the Trojan War, which took place around 1250 B.C.E. The conflict may have had its origins in economic rivalry between Mycenae and Troy.

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Troy controlled the vital straits that connect the Mediterranean and Black Seas.

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However, Greek legend attributes the war to a more romantic tale. After the Trojan prince Paris kidnapped Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king, the Mycenaeans sailed to Troy to rescue her.

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For the next 10 years, the two sides battled until the Greeks finally seized Troy and burned the city to the ground.

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Not long after the fall of Troy, Mycenaean civilization crumbled under the attack of sea raiders. About the same time, Greek-speaking Dorians, invaded from the north.

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We get hints about this time period from two epic poems, the Iliad and Odyssey. These epics may have been credited to the poet Homer, who lived about 750 B.C.E.

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KADİR KAMİŞ & NARTZEKERİA DURMAZ THANKS FOR LISTENING..