Presentation 082311

ISCRAM Summer School August 23, 2011

Haiti - Response to the 12 January 2010 earthquake

Life in Haiti – 18 months after

• Disaster risk country profile • National system of risk and

disaster management structure • Main activities and achievement

before January 12, 2010 • Impact on the earthquake • Life in Haiti: 18 months after • Challenges • Conclusion

Presentation Plan

GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued

support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,

Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

Disaster Risk Country Profile

A country prone to several hazards • The country has the 5th highest mortality risk to two or

more hazards (Hotspots Study, 2005) • 96% of its population is living at risk, Haiti has the highest

vulnerability rating in terms of cyclones among the region’s small island states (12.9 on a scale of 13)

• One of the 10 climate change global hotspots according to the Climate Investment Fund’s Expert Group

Some drivers of vulnerability • Environmental degradation (2% forest coverage) • High levels of poverty (77% of the Haitian population live

on less than 2$/day and 52% live on less than 1$/day) • High population density (up to 40,000 km2 in Port-au-

Prince) coupled with the large number of informal structures

HAITI: hazards

Heavy rain

Inundation

Hurricane

Earthquake

Land slide

Tsunami

Drought

Erosion

Inundations

Inundation scenarios : Léogane

Haiti: On Hurricane Path

6/18/2010 6/18/2010

Land Movements

Carries 2009 : mudslide

Peligre : Land slide

6/18/2010 6/18/2010

Possibility of soil liquefaction

Liquéfaction – Port of Port de Port-au-Prince

Tsunamie – Haiti

6/18/2010 6/18/2010

GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued

support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,

Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

Disaster Risk Management framework

Haiti National Disaster Risk Management System • Haiti National Disaster Risk Management System is

headed by the National Risk and Disaster Management Committee, led by the Prime Minister (Minister of interior by Prime Minister delegation), composed of 10 line Ministers and the President of the Haitian Red Cross

• Operational arms: Directorate for Civil Protection (DPC) and Permanent Secretariat for Risk and Disaster Management (SPGRD)

• Emphasis on decentralization and strengthening of local capacities: a network of DRM committees in each of the 10 departments; and in more than 120 of the 140 municipalities

COMITÉ NATIONAL DE GRD

Présidé par Le Premier Ministre/ Ministre de

l’Intérieur Secrétariat Exécutif :

DPC

Gestion des Risques

Gestion des Désastres

SECRETARIAT PERMANENT

DE GESTION DES RISQUES

ET DES DÉSASTRES

Comités thématiques

Comités institutionnels /

sectoriels

Centre d’opérations

d’urgence (COU)

Coordination générale : DPC

Groupe d’appui de la

Société Civile

Groupe d’Appui de la Coopération

Internationale

Comités Départementaux

Comités Communaux et Locaux

Disaster & Risk Management Axes of interventions

The plan of actions in country is developed according to the following axes : •Disaster response – Decentralization and strengthening of national and local capacities : Disaster preparedness, recovery, and reconstruction at all levels

•Disaster Risk reduction: Towards a culture of safety and resilience - Reducing the underlying risk factors

Vulnerability reduction Local capacity

GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued

support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,

Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

Forces and Weaknesses

Forces • Availability of dedicated

staff • Departmental and

communal coverage (decentralized committees)

• Trained members in affected area

• Capacity to mobilize resources from support projects

• Alert • Search and rescue teams (?)

Weaknesses • Almost no functional EOC • Lack of material resources /

infrastructures • Lack of high qualify human

resources • Immaturity of new communal

committees – no committees in some communes

• Delay to get appropriate information for actions

• Lack of scientific knowledge of events

EOC Nippes Departmental level

Disaster & Risk Management Main activities before January 12,

2010 “International support group”

The international support group is lead by UNDP. It’s plan of actions was developed in association of the national system and it’s part of the national one.

On daily basis, at central level, United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA ) play an interface /facilitator role between national and international bodies.

At regional level, depend on the representation on ground, the UN system and MINUSTHA are fully included in departmental or sometime communal committees.

Joint National simulation exercises – joint contingency plan

Currently UNDP – OCHA were supporting the system development

Disaster & Risk Management Main activities before January 12,

2010

Considering its proved capacities in reducing lost of life in case of disasters, taking in consideration the lessons learned after the 4 hurricanes in 2008, the National System of risk and disaster management was working toward its decentralization (geographical coverage of communal and locals committees) : new committees and in reinforcement of existing ones.

•Continuing effort to communities awareness;

•Improvement of early warning systems – evacuation plans;

•Planning of 2010 hurricane season contingency plan was initiated …

GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued

support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,

Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

Some facts

• Most affected cities by the seism: Port-au-Prince metropolitan area, Gressier, Leogane, Grand Goave, Petit Goave, Cabaret, Jacmel

• Port-au-Prince area: 65% of economic activities – 85% of taxes entrees

• Jacmel: Tourism and craft pole

• Estimation of lost: around 8 milliards of US dollars

Impact on infrastructures

• Around 105 000 houses were totally destroyed • More than 208 000 houses were severely damage • More than 4000 schools and some university

compounds were affected • More than 50 hospitals and health center collapse or

were severely affected • The main sea port are inoperative and the main

international airport building is severely affected and can not be use.

• The National Palace, the Parliament, the Justice Palace and most of the Minister Offices and other administrative buildings are destroyed.

60 percent of government,

administrative and

economic infrastructure has

been destroyed

Governmental Structures

Office of the President

Office of the Prime Minister

Ministries

Agriculture, Natural Resources and Rural Development Trade Culture and Communications Economics and Finances Environment Foreign Affairs and Religions Haitians Living Abroad Interior and Territorial collectivities Justice and Public safety National Education and Professional Training Planning and External Cooperation Public Health and Population Public Works, Transportation and Communications Social Affairs and Labor Tourism Women’s Conditions and women Rights Youth and Sports

National Palace Before After

Court of Justice Palace

Legislative Palace

Before

• After

Ministries Palace: Health, Public Work,

Interior, finances, Planning

Sea Port of Port-au-Prince

The State University School of Nursing

Institution du Sacre Coeur

College Catts Pressoir

• Chemistry lab before • after

Cathedral of Port-au-Prince

• Before

• After

Villa Manrese

• Before

After

Hotel Montana • Reports say that at the

time of the earthquake 300 people were inside but only 100 made it out alive after the building collapsed.

Hotel Villa Creole

HUEH: Main university hospital

Economic sector Grand Rue : Main commercial street

Residential and offices areas

Impact on Human

Thoursand died

Million was injured

Spontaneous Camps

Psychological impact

Aftershock reaction: Jesus! Jesus!

•

Movements of population after the eartquake

235.000 left the affected areas by buses

Responses to the needs

6

First 24 hours : Local response

Search and rescue

15 days after Boy- College St Gerard, PaP

Humanitarian response

Mass arrival of missions & NGO from lot of

countries

10

Multiplication of clusters Heath services Drug and medical supplies logistics Mobile clinic Epidemiological surveillance Hygiene and environment Rehabilitation Mental Heath Vaccination

Mapping

Medical supply

Health responses

HUEH – Many flags

TB tent

Pediatric Unit

Pediatric ICU

Line of patients waiting to enter the hospital HUEH

Sleeping quarters at Quesqueya earthquake relief center

Food distribution

Water distribution

Portable pottie’s provided at various tent cities in all public parks

Dommages et pertes

6

Estimation des besoins

7

Life today Need for continuation of efforts

Old and New vulnerable groups

• Populations in camps • Women in reproductive ages • Pregnant women • Children : 0 to 5 • Amputates / people with reduction

of capacities • People mentally affected

17

Many amputations

Secondary to earthquake injuries.

Patients are trying to return to

Some sense of normality

s

Potential risk

Tones of debrits

Some lessons learn from the Earthquake response

• The country structures have to be reinforced :

They are the first responders

• In case of big emergencies, Government tend to intervene directly on the response. Special training has to be made for Government members

• Lost of working place has a big negative effect on mobilization and coordination activities in immediate post disaster

• Agencies on ground need to be on the spots. That has to be consider in the response communication plan.

Some lessons learn from the Earthquake response

• Some agency interventions are made

regardless to the national plan of action. Need to reinforce: • implication of all key actors in development

of plan; • Plan promotion; • and to have regular simulation exercises.

• Multiplication of cluster make very difficult coordination of activities.

• Countries has to be more strict on allowing entry of goods, volunteers… even when needs are urge. Early identification of needs and information sharing can decrease the amount of needless or not appropriate donation or efforts.

Today the country needs, in addition to the strengthening of entities of

SNGRD working both in the responses to disasters and risk

reduction, top scientific structures able to follow the risk factors and

guide decisions making.

GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued

support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,

Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

After January 12

Efforts are being initiated. •Strengthening the civil protection structures at all levels: EOC building, donation of means of intervention, training, staffing, extension of early warning systems… • Strategies revision (taken in account of the multiple hazards) • Follow up of risk factors - reinforcements of National de Meteorological center • Constitution and management of data base – quality control of information • Increased capacity of having geological and seismic information • Studies aimed to implement scientific entities •Development of normative tools such as building construction code • Strengthening of education and public awareness

Capacity building

Training - decentralization

Search and rescue teams

Thematic committees

TC Building code

Thematic committees

Public awareness Flight against Cholera

8th Consultative Group Meeting, May 17, 2010

Re localization

Evacuation plan

National EOC

Infrastructure development

Plan de reconstruction de Port-au-Prince

3,3 milliards de dollars sur une

période de 5 ans.

GFDRR is able to help developing countries reduce their vulnerability to natural disasters and adapt to climate change, thanks to the continued

support of our partners: ACP Secretariat, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, European Commission, Finland, France, Germany, India,

Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, UN

International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, and the World Bank.

Conclusion

Efforts are being initiated…

Much remains to be done in building

resilience.

We must make “Vulnerability reduction a base of economical development" of the country. (SE, Prime Minister Jean - Max Bellerive - may 2009)

In HAITI today…CAN WE TAKE ON THIS CHALLENGE !!!

Yes We Can: one step at the time

We have to without any delay to implement a comprehensible plan of

actions with the support of our partners

UN support and all partners were very appreciated by the Haitian Government and the different structures of the National system. There contribution to the earthquake response were remarkable even in a background of lack of coordination. In addition of there material contribution, we have to highlight the availability and the technical capacity of some members on ground.

Thanks for your attention

Q/A