Platyhelminthes Platyhelminthes
Aug 29, 2014
PlatyhelminthesPlatyhelminthes
Arthurdendyus Australoplana
New Zealand Australia
CIRI UMUM• Lebih maju di bandingkan Porifera dan Lebih maju di bandingkan Porifera dan
Coelenterata.Coelenterata.• Lapisan tubuh Triploblastik.Lapisan tubuh Triploblastik.• Ukuran tubuh mikroskopis hingga 20 m.Ukuran tubuh mikroskopis hingga 20 m.• Tubuh simetri bilateral, pipih dan paling Tubuh simetri bilateral, pipih dan paling
sederhana diantara hewan simetri bilateral.sederhana diantara hewan simetri bilateral.• Tidak memiliki rongga tubuh (acoelomata).Tidak memiliki rongga tubuh (acoelomata).• Pencernaan terdiri dari : mulut, faring, usus Pencernaan terdiri dari : mulut, faring, usus
(tanpa memiliki anus).(tanpa memiliki anus).• Tidak memiliki sistem sirkulasi, respirasi, dan Tidak memiliki sistem sirkulasi, respirasi, dan
ekskresi,hermaprodit.ekskresi,hermaprodit.• Habitat : air tawar, laut, tempat lembab, dalam Habitat : air tawar, laut, tempat lembab, dalam
tubuh hewan lain (parasit)tubuh hewan lain (parasit).
Some Unique CharacteristicsProglotids and scolex in CestodaRabdites in TurbellariaCombination of characteristics- flame cells
and being acoelomates for example.Larva of each class are unique
Potition in animal kingdomEumetazoa - animals with tissueBilateria - have bilateral symmetry and
are triploblastic.Protostomia - a group of animals whose
mouth develops from the blastopore, and the mesoderm forms from an area near the blastopore.
Acoelomata - They have a true mesoderm which fills the original blastocoel between the outer epidermis and digestive tract.
TRIPLOBASTIK
Systems 1IntegumentaryIntegumentary- Rhabdites and one cell
layer epidermis in Turbellaria and usually ciliated; syncytial tegument in other classes.
SkeletalSkeletal - hydrostaticMuscleMuscle - longitudinal, transverse, and
circular muscles are present.DigestiveDigestive - incomplete with intracellular
and extracellular digestion; no system in Cestoda.
Systems 2Excretory Excretory - flame cells, or excretory
tubes in Cestoda.RespiratoryRespiratory - no system, diffusionCirculatoryCirculatory - none, diffusion.NervousNervous - anterior ganglia, ventral
ladder-like system (two lateral cords with transverse cords).
Systems 3Endocrine Endocrine - hormones produced by
nervous systemReproductiveReproductive - monoecious in most
Well developed reproductive organs, mostly internal fertilization.
Two of the parasitic classes have complex life cyclesTrematoda - miracidium, sporocyst, redia, cercaria,
metacercaria (usually snail is secondary host.Cestoda - oncosphere, cystercercius (bladderworm)
KLASIFIKASI Turbellaria (cacing berambut getar), Turbellaria (cacing berambut getar), silia pada permukaan tubuh silia pada permukaan tubuh digunakan untuk bergerak. digunakan untuk bergerak. Dugesia
• Trematoda (cacing isap), alat isap Trematoda (cacing isap), alat isap digunakan untuk menempel dan digunakan untuk menempel dan menghisap makanan pada inangnya.menghisap makanan pada inangnya.•Clonorchis, Fasciola, Schistosoma•Cestoda (cacing pita), bentuk Cestoda (cacing pita), bentuk seperti pita tubuh terdiri dari bagian seperti pita tubuh terdiri dari bagian skoleks, leher, dan proglotit.skoleks, leher, dan proglotit. Taenia, Dipylidium Echinococcus
• Class Monogenea :No representatives
Class TurbellariaPlanaria -Free-living flatworms with soft
flattened bodies covered with ciliated epidermis which has special secreting cells called rabdites.
Dugesia
Struktur tubuh turbilaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes24
Exhibit bilateral symmetry, acoelomate, and are triploblastic
Parenchyma tissue
STRUKTUR MIRFOLOGI
STRUKTUR ANATOMI
PENCERNAAN MAKANAN DAN EKSRESI
Phylum Platyhelminthes27
Mouth is usually located at the anterior end or mid-body on ventral surface
Excretory system Contains flame
bulbs
SISTIM SYARAF
Phylum Platyhelminthes28
Free-living species usually have a well-developed sensory system
Parasites generally have less elaborate systems.
SISTIM REPRODUKSI
29
Almost all are simultaneous hermaphrodites
Parasitic species (flukes and tapeworms) have complex lifecycles, with various hosts and several different larval stages
Incredible powers of regeneration
Regeneration
Many species posses remarkable powers of regeneration and repair wounds
Class TrematodaFlukes -oral and ventral suckers, no hooks,
parasites, body with a syncytial tegument without cilia. Larva stages unique.
ClonorchisFasciolaSchistosoma
ClonorchisHuman liver fluke - has two intermediate or
secondary host snail and fish.
Cerceria
Human liver fluke
Fasciola
Life cycle
metacercaria on grass
Sheep liver fluke
Fasciola life cycle
Blackspot disease: Uvulifer sp.
Fasciola hepatica (sheep liver fluke)F. gigantica (human liver fluke)
Stages of Fluke Life Cycle
Eggs of Schistosoma
Cercaria
Redia
InLiver
SchistosomaBlood Flukes
Cerceria usually infect by burrowing through skin.
BLOOD
FLUKESchistosoma
egg
human
freshwatersnail
Class CestodaTapewormsHave distinct head structure
(Scolex) and reproductive units called proglottids. Do not have a digestive system.
Larva are oncospheres and cysticerci (bladder worms)TaeniaDipylidiumEchinococcus
Taenia
Proglotid
STRUKTUR TUBUH
A scolex attaches them to the inside of their host followed by a neck and a strobila (long segmented trunk).
Individual segments are proglottids.
TUBUH CACING PITA
CACING PITA
BAGIAN KEPALA CACING PITA
scolexRostelum/pengaitSuckers/pengisap
SIKLUS HIDUP
Usually involves more than one host. Variable life cycles.
Proglottid drops off and is excreted by definitive host. zygotes develop in environment.
Zygote is ingested by second host and it encysts in tissues which are consumed by the definitive host.
Dipylidium (dog tape)Juveniles in flea
and louseNote the two
gential pores and reproductive systems in each proglottid.
Proglottid
EchinococcusHydatid cyst (cysticercus)- may scolices
and enlarges to as large as a basketball. Often called sand.
Only three proglottids