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Pre Departure Pack
Fez Travel Ltd.,Hocapasa Mah.,Tayahatun Sok.,
Sukran Han No: 3, Kat:3,Sirkeci, Istanbul, Turkey, 34112
Country Info for - ANZAC Day, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Egypt, Greece, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Montenegro, Morocco, North Macedonia, Palestinian Territory, Serbia, Tajikistan, Turkey and Uzbekistan
Tehran Grand Bazaar Srebrenica - Potocari Memorial Centre Cappadocia - Kaymakli
Matka Canyon Hydra Casablanca
Ouarzazate Yazd - Jame Mosque Aegina - Temple of Afea
Dubrovnik - The Jesuit Stairs Krusedol Monastery Sarajevo - Eternal Flame
The ANZAC Day event is huge, and ensuring that you are organised will help you get maximum enjoyment from this once in a lifetime event as well as assist with the smooth running of the event.
To assist you with your preparations, we highly recommend that you read the information about what to expect at the ANZAC Day Gallipoli Service page prepared by the Department of Veteran Affairs.
DVA has also prepared an informational video which we highly recommend that you watch:
DVA informational video
BEFORE your bus arrives at the Dawn Service site, please make sure you have everything you need packed in your day pack. This includes your passport (or copy of your passport) and your attendance passes. It is critical to have these things packed in your day pack BEFORE the bus arrives at the site, as there will not be time to shift things from your luggage into your daypack.
It is also important to note that alcohol is strictly prohibited at the site. Opened bottles of water or other drinks will not be permitted on site. Professional photographic equipment and selfie sticks are also not permitted. Please do not try to bring these things into the service with you as it will slow down your entry to the site.
Due to the restrictions placed on the many, many buses, you won't be able to get back to your tour bus after the dawn service so whatever you take with you, remember you will have to carry for the day, so you probably don't want to be carrying more than a day pack and a small sleeping bag.
Arrival at the ANZAC Day Dawn Service site
The ANZAC Day site will be closed to visitors on the 24th for final security checks and preparations. It will open for visitors at 6pm. The cut off time for vehicles to arrive at the Dawn Service area is 2am on the 25th.
We plan to arrive well before that to get in queue before the gates open at 6pm so that you have a chance to get as good a spot as possible at the Dawn Service site. Make sure you take everything you need with you when you exit the bus, as you will not be permitted to go back to the bus.
Please note that when we arrive, there will be a lot of time spent waiting to get into the site and going through multiple security and attendance pass validation procedures, so we thank you in advance for your understanding.
Because of the ballot process for 2015, tour guides will not be allowed to enter the service sites with you. After you go through the gates, the next time you will see your guide is after the Australian and New Zealand services have finished, when guides will be allowed to meet you outside the ceremony site to help you go to the meeting point for your bus. Before you leave your tour guide, please make sure that you are aware of the number of your bus - this is important for meeting your bus on the 25th.
Overnight at ANZAC Cove
A reflective program will start running at 8pm in the evening and play until just before the Dawn Service commences on the 25th. The program includes documentaries and interviews and musical performances.
There's plenty of atmosphere overnight and as long as you are warm you'll have a great night waiting for dawn over the battlefields.
Dawn Service & Memorial Services
The Dawn Service commences at 5.30am. After the dawn service, you will walk through the trenches and memorials to one of the Memorial Services unless you have pre-registered as requiring mobility assistance. You don't need to wait for your group. Please have a look at the Fez Travel ANZAC Day information page to get a better idea of the walking involved: .
After completion of the Dawn Service at approximately 6:30 am, visitors are required to walk along the coast and up to Lone Pine Cemetery. This 2.5 kilometre walk takes visitors via Ari Burnu, Beach, Shrapnel Valley and Shell Green Cemeteries. Unfortunately the Australian service at the Lone Pine memorial has been cancelled. A small informal service may be held.
New Zealand Chunuk Bair Services
Those wishing to attend the New Zealand Chunuk Bair Service must continue on past the Lone Pine Australian Memorial, uphill past the 57th Regiment Service to Chunuk Bair New Zealand Memorial. It is approximately 3.3 kilometres. The walk is well marked but will take a reasonably fit individual about one hour to complete.
After the Dawn and Memorial Services
After the memorial services are finished, tour guides will be allowed to meet guests outside the Lone Pine and Chunuk Bair service sites. Coaches will be released to pick up guests - please note this process can take several hours as hundreds of coaches are queued in random order by the authorities, and so each group needs to be patient, and watch carefully for their bus.
The buses will drive up to Chunuk Bair first to collect guests, and then they will collect their guests from Lone Pine.
It is important that you remember your bus number, as announcements will be made with bus numbers.
What should I bring?
Information about what you can bring to the site can be found here. However, it is likely to be very very cold, so bring some warm gear - a very warm jumper and sleeping bag or very warm blanket (noting that you will not be able to lie down), jumper and jacket and a beanie, as a minimum.
By 2pm on Anzac day, it could get quite warm, so don't forget the sunscreen and make sure you are wearing layers of clothes so that you can
Every year there is food and drinks on offer at the dawn service site and around the Gallipoli peninsular during the day, but we suggest that you also take some munchies and plenty of water with you.
220 volts / 50 Hz - Round pin attachment plugs and Shuko plugs and receptacles with side grounding contacts are in use.
Religion
Muslim 70%, Albanian Orthodox 20%, Roman Catholic 10% (estimates)
Money
The monetary unit in Albania is the Albanian Lek (ALL). 1 Lek = 100 Qindars.
Current Exchange rate EUR 1 (ALL 120.87) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
All major currencies can be exchanged at banks and bureaux de change. Currency markets operate on the street in front of the main post office or bank in most towns, a perfectly legal way to exchange your money and avoid bank commission. You will not be able to exchange lekë outside of Albania so make sure you exchange before you leave. There are ATMs in most towns which you can use to withdraw cash from most international Visa and Mastercard credit or debit cards.
Food. Albanian cuisine is colourful and flavoursome and features a lot of Italian, Greek and Turkish influences. You will find plenty of tasty, spicy dishes to tempt you, Keep a look out for Mediterranean fish such as sea-bream and seabass, as well as eel. Traditional dishes often use vegetables and yoghurt or curd cheese to make the meat go further. You may want to try national specialities such as Koran, a species of trout unique to the Ohrid and Prespa lakes. If you're feeling daring, you could try Paçë koke (sheep's head soup). You may also come across Kukurec (sheep's innards in a gut casing).
Drink. Albania offers many high-quality wines, some of it from indigenous grapes such as Kallmet (red) and Shesh (red and white). National drinks include: rakia, a clear spirit made of grapes. Coffee is also very popular and is mostly served as cappuccino or espresso in bars and restaurants, or prepared the traditional Balkan way, with grounds and sugar brewed together, when served at home.
Meal for 2 persons, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course ALL 2,100 (EUR 17.37).
Cup of Coffee / Cappuccino (regular) ALL 140 (EUR 1.16).
Domestic Beer (0.5 litre draught) ALL 110 (EUR 0.91).
Tipping
Tipping is customary to give the waiter 5%-10% on top of the bill if you are happy with the service. Tipping guides at the end of excursions and treks etc is always appreciated and your tour leader will advise you on the amount for this.
Bosnia and Herzegovina is 1 hours ahead of Greenwich Meant Time.
Electricity
220 volts AC, 50Hz. Two-pin plugs are in use.
Religion
45% Muslim, 36% Orthodox, 15% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant, Jews and other denominations.
Money
The monetary unit in Bosnia and Herzegovina is the Konvertibilna Marka (BAM). 1 Konvertibilna marka = 100 Pfeniga)
Current Exchange rate BAM 1 (EUR 0.51) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
After crossing the border in the afternoon we will visit the famous bridge of Mehmed Pasha. Here you will be able exchange all Serbian Dinars you have after leaving Serbia into local currency Konvertibilna Marka. You can also exchange EURO into local currency. There is an ATM machine which you can use. Cash machines can be found also in cities like Sarajevo and Mostar.
Exchange rates used throughout this document are correct as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Language
Bosnian, Serbian and Croatian. The Croats and Bosniaks use the Latin alphabet, whereas the Serbs use the Cyrillic.
Eating And Drinking
Food. You will find that the region's traditional cuisine exhibits Turkish influences, with plenty of grilled meat dishes. You may want to try national specialities such as jagnjetina (flame-grilled lamb or mutton), bosanski ionac (meat stew cooked on an open fire), cevapcici (small sausages made from a lamb and beef mix), burek (layered meat or cheese pie made with filo pastry), Baklava (sweet nuts and honey in pastry) and tufahije (apple cake).
Drink. Spirits made from fruit are popular, so look out for sljivovica (homemade plum brandy) and ioza (made from grapes). Turkish-style coffee is also widely available. Popular wines to try are zilavka (white) and blatina (red). All drinks such as bottled water or soft drinks are at your own expense at all times and are fairly inexpensive. Alcoholic drinks vary in price, with wine and beer generally being the cheapest options.
It is customary to give round up the taxi fare and leave an extra 1-2 Euro extra at restaurants. Tipping guides at the end of excursions is always appreciated and your tour leader will advise you on the amount for this.
220-240V. Sockets are of European two pronged round pin variety.
Religion
Roman Catholic 88%, Orthodox 4.4%, Muslim 1.3%
Money
The monetary unit in Croatia is the Croatian Kuna (HRK). 1 Kuna = 100 Lipa.
Current Exchange rate EUR 1 (HRK 7.52) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
The easiest way to obtain money in Croatia is to draw it out of an ATM (cash machine) on a credit or debit card. ATMs are widely available throughout Croatia and credit cards are accepted in many restaurants and shops. It is possible to exchange money at hotel reception also.
Exchange rates used throughout this document are correct as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Language
Croatian, and uses both Cyrillic and Latin script. Some Hungarian and Albanian also spoken in the north.
Eating And Drinking
Food and Drink. Croatian specialties include Dalmatian or Istrian prosciutto, Pag or Lika cheese, sheep's cheese, Slavonian paprika flavoured salami ('kulen') and Samobor or Zagorje garlic sausages ('èesnjovka'). There is also a wide selection of meat dishes, including turkey with a special pasta known as 'mlinci', roast lamb, roast suckling pig, and boiled or baked 'strukli' (pasta with cheese). Croatian vineyards produce reasonable wine - particularly red and you will almost certainly come across plum brandy, a national favourite.
In a restaurant, round up the bill unless a service charge has already been added or the service was not up to standard. You should also round up bar bills and taxi fares
Egypt is 2 hours ahead of Greenwich Meant Time. Daylight saving adjustments have historically been applied in some years but not others. At present it appears that there will be no daylight saving changes in Egypt 2016 and beyond, though this may change at short notice (with a resulting impact on flight times and schedules).
Electricity
220V. Sockets are of European two pronged round pin variety.
Religion
It is estimated 90% are identified as Muslim, 9% as Coptic Christians, and 1% as other Christian denominations
Money
The monetary unit in Egypt is the Egyptian Pound (LE) (EGP). 1 Egyptian Pound = 100 Piastres
Current Exchange rate EGP 100 (EUR 5.67) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Changing money, credit cards and ATMs The easiest way to obtain money in Egypt is to draw it out of an ATM (cash machine) on a credit or debit card ATMs are widely available throughout Egypt.
Exchange rates used throughout this document are correct as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Language
Arabic.
Eating And Drinking
Food. Egyptian cuisine is notably conducive to vegetarian diets, as it relies heavily on vegetable dishes. Though food in Alexandria and the coast of Egypt tends to use a great deal of fish and other seafood, for the most part Egyptian cuisine is based on foods that grow out of the ground. Meat has been very expensive for most Egyptians throughout history, so a great number of vegetarian dishes have been developed.
Popular dishes include lentil soup, grilled chicken or fish with rice. Koshari is also a local favourite, a savoury mix of noodles, rice, lentils and onions. Almost everywhere you go you will find 'mezze'. This consists of several plates, and is generally served as an appetizer with a pile of flat bread (but it's often enough for a whole meal). Dishes may include humus (chickpea dip), tahina (sesame dip), babaghanough (eggplant with tahina), falafels (deep-fried vegetable balls) and foul (pronounced 'fool'), a dish made from red fava beans which is a staple diet throughout the country.
Drink. The Al-Ahram Beverages Company has a virtual monopoly on alcohol in Egypt. Aside from wine, it makes whiskey, gin, vodka, a beer called Sakara and a light lager called Stella that can be found on tables from street cafés to five-star hotels in Egypt. As a Muslim country, alcohol is disapproved in public places, however it is available in some bars and hotels.
Tipping in Egypt is called Baksheesh, but it's more than the usual gratuity given to a waiter, bellhop or taxi driver. It is a way of life and a system which enables the economy to function. Salaries in Egypt are much lower than in Western countries therefore tipping is an absolutely essential means of generating income. Don't feel that the Egyptians are solely preying on foreign travellers and tourists. Look closely at the dealings that Egyptians have with one another and you will notice that the exchange of small amounts of money are commonplace. A general rule of thumb is to add 10 to 15 percent of the bill for a tip.
On tour to make our prices more transparent and so it is easier for you to budget and less hassle while in Egypt, on our small group tours we organise a 'Tipping Kitty' which needs to be paid as a local payment and will be around US$ 30 to US$ 45 depending on the length of your trip. This kitty provides tips for a wide range of people you’ll meet along the tour including hotel porters, train and station staff, drivers, site guards, local reps etc.
Your Egyptologist guide (and Bedouin guides in the desert) is not included in this kitty and you may tip them at the end of your tour subject to your satisfaction with and appreciation of the service they have provided. You should not feel obliged to tip any particular amount, and should consider your personal budget. We are often asked to provide a guide however, and can suggest that approx. USD 3-8 per person per day would be appropriate.
Having exported chaos, drama, tragedy and democracy before most nations stayed up late enough to want souvlaki, Greece boasts a legacy that's unrivalled. From smoggy Athens to blindingly bright islands, there are more ancient fragments than you can shake a stick at: the mother of all ruins - the Acropolis, fallen columns galore on the sacred island of Delos and even, quite possibly, the remnants of Atlantis at Santorini. Greeks also know how to have fun - their propensity for partying dates back to Dionysos. In addition, hot sun and limpid seas conspire to make Greece a compelling place to relax. Whether you're chillin' in a beachside taverna, sipping coffee in a shady plateia or disco-dancing till dawn, chances are the Gods already have you ensnared.
Greece is 2 hours ahead of Greenwich Meant Time. During day light saving, which is from the last Sunday in March to the last Saturday in October, Greece is 3 hours ahead of GMT.
Electricity
All appliances need a double round pin type plug for 220 volts AC, 50-hertz.
Religion
Greek Orthodox (official) 98%, Muslim 1.3%, other 0.7%
Money
The monetary unit in Greece is the Euro (EUR). 1 Euro = 100 Euro cents.
You should always carry back up cash or card separate to the rest of your money and cards. So if you loose your wallet or handbag, you have enough back up money to at least make some phone calls and eat for a few days.
Euro is the currency of Greece since 1 January 2001. Credit Cards and Travellers Cheques are widely accepted in major cities and tourist resorts. ATM's are also accessible at all our destinations and offer the best exchange rate. A mixture of debit, credit cards and cash are the are the best forms of currency.
It is difficult for us to specify the money that you will spend per day, however, as a general rule EUR 4 to EUR 5 per day can provide you with additional meals and optional entrances. Should you wish to purchase souvenirs or other luxuries, of which there is a diverse range, you will have to budget for these.
Exchange rates used throughout this document are correct as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Language
The Greek language with a documented record spanning three and a half millennia is a strong element of national continuity. Modern Greek derives from the same idiom used by Homer. The Greek alphabet and the Greek language have contributed much to all Western languages. In this respect Greek, is to be distinguished sharply from Latin, which generated numerous neo-Latin languages from Rumanian to Portuguese before itself became extinct. You'll find you won't have much of a problem with the language barrier. English is well communicated by many Greeks, especially in the Islands.
Eating and Drinking
Its unique tastes are some of the things that set Greece apart. You are in for pleasant culinary surprises while in this country. Contrary to common belief you will soon discover that Greek cuisine does not solely consist of mousaka, souvlaki and horiatiki salata. Greek cuisine has a great variety of dishes and can be an extremely satisfying culinary adventure for both meat-eaters and vegetarians.
Greek cuisine is a Mediterranean cuisine, sharing characteristics with the cuisines of Italy, the Balkans, Turkey, and the Levant. Contemporary Greek cookery makes wide use of olive oil, vegetables and herbs, grains and bread, wine, fish, and various meats, including poultry, rabbit and pork. Also important are olives, cheese, eggplant (aubergine), courgette, and yoghurt. Greek desserts are characterized by the dominant use of nuts and honey. Some dishes use filo pastry.
Mezes is a collective name for a variety of small dishes, typically served with wines or anise-flavored liqueurs such as ouzo or homemade tsipouro. Orektika is the formal name for appetizers and is often used as a reference to eating a first course of a cuisine other than Greek cuisine. Dips are served with bread loaf or pita bread. In some regions, dried bread (paximadhi) is softened in water.
The national drink is Ouzo. Ouzo, an 80-proof clear alcoholic beverage that is flavored with anise; it turns milky white with water or ice; the best said to be produced on the island of Lesbos. We always recommend drinking 'bottled' water.
Meal for 2 persons, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course EUR 30.
Cup of Coffee / Cappuccino (regular) EUR 3.
Domestic Beer (0.5 litre draught) EUR 4.
Tipping
Tips are common place for table service in Greece. Restaurants and taxis, local markets and basic restaurants - leave the loose change. More up-market restaurants we suggest 5% to 10% of your bill. If you think your tour leader has worked hard then s/he will appreciate a tip of a few Euros. You do not need to tip the service staff at the hotels.
It is important to note that the Greece component of this trip is escorted by a tour leader, whilst the Turkey component of your trip is escorted by a tour guide. There are important differences between these two roles, and understanding these will help you get the most out of your trip.
A tour leader travels with the group and will provide information regarding optional activities and day tours and will book these for you. Your tour leader acts as a facilitator, and will take care of any logistical issues such as the purchase of ferry tickets and hotel check-ins, and trouble shoot any problems that may arise on tour. Your tour leader will not guide you around historical sites but may give some cultural information and information about the best places to go in your free time. Some of your optional activities in Greece may be accompanied by a tour guide.
A tour guide is a licensed, qualified expert, and is generally a specialist in history and archaeology, and sometimes architecture. A tour guide will guide you around historical sites, providing historical and cultural information in addition to being responsible for the smooth running of your trip. In Turkey, a tour guide will accompany you for your whole trip, guiding you around sites, taking care of logistical issues and will also help you to book any optional activities.
The monetary unit in Israel is the Israeli Sheqel (ILS). 1 Shekel= 100 Agora.
Current Exchange rate ILS 1,000 (EUR 282.20) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
There are ATMs in Israel and Jerusalem that accept international cards. There are fewer ATMs in the West Bank and Gaza. Money transfer through Western Union to a local Israeli post office normally takes 3-4 hours during a normal working day. Post offices and banks in Israel and Jerusalem close from midday on Friday to Sunday morning. In the West Bank and Gaza they are usually just closed on Fridays.
Language
Hebrew (official), Arabic (official), Russian, English
Eating And Drinking
Food. It incorporates many foods traditionally eaten in Levantine, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cuisines, and foods such as falafel, hummus, msabbha, shakshouka, couscous, and za'atar are now widely popular in Israel.
Drink.The drinking culture in Israel begins and ends with coffee, but the country offers numerous varieties so no matter your tastes you should find something that reminds you of home. Espresso, Turkish coffee, lattes, cappuccino, iced coffee, and a traditional cup of coffee are all available as coffee shops are everywhere. Tea is also common, especially in the coffee houses as it's available in numerous styles as well. If you want something more original to Israel try sahlab, a pudding-like drink made from cornstarch, cinnamon, and pistachios. Or if you want something from home, soft drinks, juices, milk, and most international favorites are easily accessible.
The alcoholic drinks available in Israel include anything one can imagine, however in more conservative locations, particularly in Jerusalem and in Muslim areas, the options may be limited. Most of the Jews do drink alcohol, or at least have no objection to drinking alcohol, and it can be purchased and consumed. For a local brew try 'Dancing Camel' or 'Negev'. Due to Kosher laws, the local beer selection is limited as is the local wines, however this is rapidly changing. The wine industry in Israel has quickly expanded and the quality has also vastly improved.
Meal for 2 persons, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course ILS 200 (EUR 56.44).
Cup of Coffee / Cappuccino (regular) ILS 13 (EUR 3.67).
Domestic Beer (0.5 litre draught) ILS 25 (EUR 7.05).
Tipping
Tipping in hotels is expected also. You should tip the bellboy a total of ILS 20 (EUR 5.64) for all luggage. You should also tip the maid ILS 10 (EUR 2.82) - ILS 20 (EUR 5.64) per night. In restaurants you are expected to tip between 10-15%. 12% is the average tip when eating out at restaurants. Bars are similar to restaurants where you are expected to tip 10-15% of the total bill.
220V. Sockets are of European two pronged round pin variety.
Religion
Sunni Muslim 92% (official), Christian 6% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), other 2% (several small Shia Muslim and Druze populations) (2001 est.)
Money
The monetary unit in Jordan is the Jordanian Dinar (JOD). 1 Jordanian Pound = 100 Qirsh
Current Exchange rate JOD 1 (EUR 1.26) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Changing money, credit cards and ATMs The easiest way to obtain money in Jordan is to draw it out of an ATM (cash machine) on a credit or debit card ATMs are widely available throughout Jordan.
Exchange rates used throughout this document are correct as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Language
Arabic.
Eating And Drinking
Food. Malfuf, rice and minced meat rolled in cabbage leaves. Mansaf, the national dish of Jordan and the most distinctive Jordanian dish. Mansaf is a traditional dish made of lamb cooked in a sauce of fermented dried yogurt called Jameed and served with rice or bulgur.
Drink. Turkish coffee and tea flavored with mint or sage are almost ubiquitous in Jordan. Arabic coffee is also usually served on more formal occasions.[10] Arak, an aniseed flavoured spirit is also drunk with food.
Generally, 10 to 15% service charge is added in hotels and restaurants; extra tips are discretionary.
Your guides are not included in this kitty and you may tip them at the end of your tour subject to your satisfaction with and appreciation of the service they have provided. You should not feel obliged to tip any particular amount, and should consider your personal budget. We are often asked to provide a guide however, and can suggest that approx. USD 3-8 per person per day would be appropriate.
Macedonia is 1 hours ahead of Greenwich Meant Time.
Electricity
220 volts / 50 Hz. European-style two-pin plugs are in use.
Religion
67 per cent of the population are Eastern Orthodox Macedonians and around 23% are Muslim Albanians. There are also Muslim Turks and Serbian Orthodox minorities
Money
The monetary unit in Macedonia is the Macedonian Dinar (MKD). 1 Denar = 100 Deni.
Current Exchange rate MKD 100 (EUR 1.63) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
You can exchange most currencies although Euros are the most widely accepted. ATMs are available.
Language
Macedonian (a slavonic language using the Cyrillic script) is the most widely used language. Albanian, Turkish and Serbo-Croat are also used by ethnic groups. English, French and German are widely spoken.
Eating And Drinking
Food. Macedonian cuisine is colourful and flavoursome and features a lot of Italian, Greek and Turkish influences. You will find plenty of tasty, spicy dishes to tempt you, Keep a look out for Mediterranean fish such as sea-bream and seabass, as well as eel. Traditional dishes often use vegetables and yoghurt or curd cheese to make the meat go further. You may want to try national specialities such as Koran, a species of trout unique to the Ohrid and Prespa lakes. If you're feeling daring, you could try Paçë koke (sheep's head soup). You may also come across Kukurec (sheep's innards in a gut casing).
Drink. Macedonia offers many high-quality wines, some of it from indigenous grapes such as Kallmet (red) and Shesh (red and white). National drinks include: rakia, a clear spirit made of grapes. Coffee is also very popular and is mostly served as cappuccino or espresso in bars and restaurants, or prepared the traditional Balkan way, with grounds and sugar brewed together, when served at home.
In restaurants 15% is usually added to restaurant bills and you are obliged to pay this. It is also customary to give the waiter 5%-10% on top of this if you are happy with the service.
Montenegro is 1 hours ahead of Greenwich Meant Time.
Electricity
220 volts / 50 Hz. European-style two-pin plugs are in use.
Religion
Majority Eastern Orthodox, with a Muslim minority.
Money
The monetary unit in Montenegro is the Euro
Some ATMs accept Visa or Mastercard, but few accept international debit cards. Carrying cash is advisable and may be necessary for most payments.
Language
Montenegrin, Serbian, Bosnian, Albanian, and Croatian.
Eating And Drinking
Food. The cuisine in Montenegro has a distinctly Italian influence, so keep an eye out for national specialities such as lamb or kid's meat, pizza, polenta, stuffed capsicums, cheese and sour cream and Vienna-style bread, clear fish soup, and prsuta (smoked ham) and steak from a region in Montenegro called Durmitor. Turkish influences can be found in moussaka (a baked aubergine and minced meat) and cevapi (skinless sausages or meatballs served with onions, peppers and bread). Other specialities include gibanica (thinly layered pastry, eggs and feta cheese, burek (a pastry layered with cheese or meat), and ajvar (a relish made of roasted red peppers, aubergine and garlic). Fresh fish such as carp, trout and eel come from the Skadar Lake. Vegetables such as chicory, asparagus, leeks, fennel and nettles are common to many dishes.
Drink. National drinks you may wish to try are plum brandy (slivovica), niksicko beer, lozova rakija (grape brandy) And wine. Please note that most places serving alcohol close by 10pm.
Meal for 2 persons, Mid-range Restaurant, Three-course EUR 25.
Cup of Coffee / Cappuccino (regular) EUR 2.
Domestic Beer (0.5 litre draught) EUR 1.
Tipping
It is customary to give round up the taxi fare and leave an extra Euro 1-2 extra at restaurants. Tipping guides at the end of excursions is always appreciated and your tour leader will advise you on the amount for this.
220 volts / 50 Hz - Sockets are of European two pronged round pin variety.
Religion
Muslim 99% (official; virtually all Sunni, <0.1% Shia), other 1% (includes Christian, Jewish, and Baha'i)
Money
The monetary unit in Morocco is the Moroccan Dirham (MAD). 1 Dirham = 100 centimes.
Current Exchange rate MAD 100 (EUR 9.60) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
We recommend you bring some cash in a hard currency (US Dollars, GB Pounds, Euros) and a good ATM card. In some smaller towns there are no ATMs that take foreign cards, so be sure you get enough cash to carry you until the next major city. BCM seems to be the best bank, accepting foreign cards in most of their ATMs.
Language
Arabic (official), several Berber dialects; French, usually the language of business, government, and diplomacy.
Eating And Drinking
Food. The main Moroccan dish most people are familiar with is couscous, the old national delicacy. Beef is the most commonly eaten red meat in Morocco, usually eaten in a tagine with a wide selection of vegetables. Chicken is also very commonly used in tagines, or roasted. Lamb is also heavily consumed, Moroccan lamb does not have the pungent flavour that Western lamb and mutton have. Since Morocco lies on two coasts, the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Moroccan cuisine has ample seafood dishes. European pilchard is caught in large but declining quantities. Other fish species include mackerel, anchovy, sardinella, and horse mackerel.
Drink. The most popular drink is green tea with mint. Traditionally, making good mint tea in Morocco is considered an art form. The pouring technique is as crucial as the quality of the tea itself. Moroccan tea pots have long, curved pouring spouts and this allows the tea to be poured evenly into tiny glasses from a height. For the best taste, glasses are filled in two stages. The Moroccans traditionally like tea with bubbles, so while pouring they hold the teapot high above the glasses. Finally, the tea is accompanied with hard sugar cones or lumps.
Moroccan males are especially keen on their coffee, a legacy of the French occupation. No self-respecting Moroccan cafe would dare serve instant coffee, and coffee lovers can find fresh coffee just about anywhere at any time.
Morocco is by no means a dry country, but drinking in public is still frowned upon and is extremely ignorant if practiced near a mosque. Besides a few select establishments, mainly in Marrakech, Moroccan bars, called brasseries, are all-male, smoky drinking dens that are only for the desperately thirsty and are unpleasant for females. Most upscale restaurants, however, will have a liquor license, and should be able to offer beer, if not also wine and spirits. Morocco has three local brands of beer - Casablanca, Stork, and Flag. Flag Is the most popular.
Tipping is customary to give the waiter 5%-10% on top of the bill if you are happy with the service. Tipping guides at the end of excursions and treks etc is always appreciated and your tour leader will advise you on the amount for this.
220 volts / 50 Hz. European-style two-pin plugs are in use.
Religion
Majority Eastern Orthodox Serbs, with a Muslim ethnic Albanian minority, a Muslim ethnic Slavic minority in the Raska region of the southwest, a Roman Catholic ethnic Serbian and Croatian minority, a Protestant ethnic Hungarian minority (in the province of Vojvodina) and a small Jewish community.
Money
The monetary unit in Serbia is the Serbian Dinar (RSD). 1 Dinar = 100 Paras.
Current Exchange rate RSD 100 (EUR 0.86) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Exchange rates used throughout this document are correct as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Language
Serbian, and uses both Cyrillic and Latin script. Some Hungarian and Albanian also spoken in the north.
Eating And Drinking
Food. One of the great joys of Serbia is sampling the wide selection of different dishes available. Food offered in much of Serbia is delicious, hearty, and often meat orientated. You may well find smoked or salted fish, pickled cabbage stew, beef stroganoff, goulash, meat stews, game meat, and many varieties of dumplings.
Drink. Rakia is very common throughout Serbia but beer is the main alcoholic drink and Serbia is proud of its national beers. All drinks such as bottled water or soft drinks are fairly inexpensive. Alcoholic drinks vary in price, with beer generally being the cheapest option.
Tipping is not obligatory in Serbian restaurants, but if you are satisfied with the service then leave a 10 to 15% tip. At bars and with taxis leave a tip by rounding off the amount.
220 V - 50 Hz - Sockets are of European two pronged round pin variety.
Religion
Muslim 98% (Sunni 95%, Shia 3%) other 2%
Money
The monetary unit in Tajikistan is the Tajikistan Somoni (TJS). 1 Som = 100 Tiyin.
Current Exchange rate TJS 10,000 (EUR 781.20) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Tajikistan is a cash economy. Paying by credit card or travellers cheque will be possible only in high-end hotels. To avoid money stress, have at least some cash on hand. There are a few cash dispensers. US dollars are the most widely accepted foreign currency. Only change money through official exchange booths. It is illegal to change money on the black market, and harsh penalties will be imposed on those caught doing so. Damaged or marked bank notes will not be accepted at official exchange locations.
Language
Tajik (official) 84.4%, Uzbek 11.9%, Kyrgyz .8%, Russian .5%, other 2.4%
Eating And Drinking
Food. Plov, is a rice dish cooked with beef or mutton, and carrots. It's all fried together in vegetable oil or mutton fat in a special qazan (a wok-shaped cauldron) over an open flame. Qurotob is considered the national dish. A traditional dish that is still eaten with hands from a communal plate, before serving the dish is topped with onions fried in oil until golden and other fried vegetables. No meat is added. Sambusa (Samosa in India) are baked pastries stuffed with minced meat (lamb or beef), crispy on the outside. Shashlik (shish-kebab), barbequed meat, fish, liver, chicken, mutton or beef, skewers are usually grilled on coal. Choose from liver, chicken, mutton and beef. Dolma, a Turkish dish is made up of steamed rolls wrapped with grape leafs and meat inside. Mantu, (manti In Turkey) is a hugely popular dish all over Central Asia, mantu is a dumpling dish wrapped with meat inside, served with sour cream and fried onions. Shurbo, is a fresh vegetable soup with lamb or beef, served with green onion and basil is served in almost every meal we had in Tajikistan.
Drink. If you want to meet locals in Tajikistan sit down for some tea or if invited out, you will most certainly be offered tea. Green tea is the most popular tea and sugar is never added. Tea is the chief drink of choice in Tajikistan, and choykhanas, some housed in traditional wooden-timbered buildings, are common all over the country, catering to this national drink.
Alcohol is available in Tajikistan, despite the fact that the people are primarily Muslim, a religion that outlaws alcohol. Also due to Soviet influence, beer and vodka are the most popular alcoholic drinks. In urban centres, the Russian heritage has given rise to some lively bars and these offer a modest nightlife, especially in Dushanbe. Both Hissar and Dushanbe brew their own beer, though bottled Russian imports like the Baltika range are the most common.
Turkey has so much to offer the traveller with its breathtaking natural beauty, unique historical sites and the famous Turkish hospitality. Walk across the soil that holds intact remains from the Hittites to the Ottomans and more classical Hellenistic sites than Greece! Nearly every major empire has conquered, occupied and left their trace on these lands.
Turkey is a country with a double identity, poised delicately between East and West. The only NATO member in the Middle East region, the country has recently been accepted as a candidate for membership of the EU. Yet although in many respects Western Turkey retains its frustrating differences, and its fascinating contradictions: mosques co-exist with churches, and remnants of the Greco-Roman Empire, ancient Hittite and Neolithic sites, crumble alongside modern culture.
Politically, modern Turkey was a bold experiment, founded on the remaining Anatolian kernel of the Ottoman Empire and almost entirely the creation of a single man, Mustafa Kemal Ataturk. An explicitly secular republic, though one in which almost all of the inhabitants are at least nominally Muslim. It's a vast country and incorporates large disparities in levels of development. At the same time, it's an immensely rewarding place to travel, not least because of the people, whose reputation for friendliness and hospitality is richly deserved.
Turkey is spread upon 3% of the European continent and 97% in Asia. It is bordered by Europe and the Aegean Sea to the West, the Caucasus Mountains to the East, the Black Sea in the north and the Mediterranean Sea to the south. With 7000 kms of coastline, snow capped mountains and volcanoes, natural wonders, immense rivers, pristine beaches, crystal clear waters and rich agricultural valleys, welcome to Turkey,
Largest city: Istanbul 13 million; capital city: Ankara 5 million.
Geographical area
814, 578 sq kms
Population
78,785,548 million. (July 2011 est.)
International dialling code
International dialling code: +90
Time Zone
Turkey is 2 hours ahead of Greenwich Meant Time. During day light saving Turkey is 3 hours ahead of GMT, which is from the last Sunday in March to the last Saturday in October.
Electricity
All appliances need a double round pin type plug for 220 volts AC, 50-hertz.
Religion and Local Law
90% of Turkish people are Muslim, however, for many people this is more of an identity rather than a strict religion. You would never guess this statistic walking around much of Western Turkey, especially Istanbul, which in part is a trendy, cosmopolitan city. Turkish Law is secular and guarantees complete freedom of worship to people of all religions. It is recommended that at least one set of modest clothing is taken with you. It is a sign of respect to cover your shoulders and legs when visiting mosques and also attracts less unwanted attention. You cannot visit a mosque during prayer time unless you are praying.
If you have any questions concerning appropriate (and legal) behaviour please ask your tour guide or leader. If accused of and detained for illegal behaviour, the Turkish authorities are obliged to inform your embassy or consular representative immediately, you can also insist on communicating with them directly. Turkish authorities command a high level of respect so be polite at all times.
Turkish law requires everyone (Turks and non-Turks) to carry ID at all times. Always remember that in Turkey you are bound by Turkish law.
Money
The currency unit in Turkey is Turkish Lira (TRY). 100 Kurus = 1 Turkish Lira
Current Exchange rate TRY 1 (EUR 0.07) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Banknotes: 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 Lira
Coins: 5, 10, 25, 50 Kurus and 1 Lira
You should always carry some back up cash or traveller's cheques separate to the rest of your money and cards. So if you loose your wallet or handbag, you have enough back up money to at least make some phone calls and eat for a few days.
A mixture of cash and credit cards are the best forms of currency. Credit cards are also accepted in most of the restaurants, bars and pubs. MasterCard and Visa are most welcomed; American Express cards work at some ATMs and Amex offices. Credit cards are also useful for cash advances, which allow you to withdraw Lira instantly from associated banks and ATMs throughout Turkey. Cash cards and ATM's are widespread in most of Turkey; in Istanbul, Canakkale, Selcuk, Pamukkale, Fethiye, Kas, Cappadocia, and Ankara. When travelling, plan your budget and use the ATM machines before leaving the main towns.
Always try and use ATM's that are attached to banks while the bank is open, so that if the ATM swallows your card, you can go into the bank and get the card back.
It is much cheaper to convert money to Turkish Lira in Turkey than at home. Using an ATM or a credit card will often get you the best possible exchange rates; the post and telephone office (PTT) and banks offer very reasonable rates too. In the past, because of Turkey's high inflation rate, it was best to convert money on a daily basis. However, the currency has remained steady against all major currencies in recent years.
It is difficult for us to specify the money that you will spend per day, however, as a general rule EUR 20 to EUR 40 per day, can provide you with additional meals and optional entrances. Should you wish to purchase souvenirs or other gifts, of which there is a diverse range, you will have to budget for these.
Exchange rates used throughout this document are correct as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Turkey is a gourmet's paradise, although, many unadventuresome travellers come away having only consumed vast quantities of doner and shish kebab that they are familiar with from home.
You can start your day with a delicious 'Turkish breakfast'; Turkish bread, white cheese, tomatoes, olives, cucumbers, boiled egg, jam or honey and of course Turkish tea. Alternatively, try the Menemen, which is scrambled eggs with peppers, onion, tomato and if you're lucky salami. At most of the hotels, you will be served a 'buffet breakfast' with a wide variety of foods.
There are two types of restaurants in Turkey; restaurants which have an a-la-carte menu with food on display that will be cooked for you and 'ready meal' restaurants which have a range of previously prepared dishes in warming trays for you to choose. The beauty of 'ready meal' restaurants is that you can try a wide range of small dishes for a relatively cheap price. During your tour, we will give lunch breaks at such type of restaurants to save your money and time.
In more salubrious restaurants you can order 'mezes' (appetizers) where a bewildering array of dishes is available. These are small dishes ranging from stuffed vegetables and tightly rolled cheese pastries to pickled vegetables, courgettes and aubergines in their many guises. Vegetarians are especially catered for in mezes, which usually come with a range of purees and vinaigrettes.
Main dishes are generally on display; you choose and the meat or fish is taken away to be prepared. Fish is usually charged by the weight. Shish and doner kebabs are served everywhere but perhaps better still are Adana kebabs - spicy (not by Thai standards!) minced meat with a sprinkling of the purple sumac herb.
Do not forget to save room for dessert, which is almost always sweet! Highlights include 'baklava' (a flaky, sweet nut pastry, usually with pistachio), 'kadayif' (shredded pasty dough filled with nuts and drenched in syrup), 'tavukgogsu' (a creamy sweet made of pulverised chicken fibres), and 'helva' (sesame paste).
Travellers often find it surprising that tea (cay) rather than coffee is the national drink of Turkey. Grown along the Black Sea coast it has become an essential element of socialising. It is served in small fluted glasses with a very small spoon and saucer and cubes of sugar alongside. Coffee is also popular in Turkey and you can find numerous alternatives of Cappuccino, Nescafe, Espresso.
Carbonated soft drinks are available everywhere in Turkey - Cola or Pepsi, Fanta, Sprite, natural fruit and pulp drinks served in bottles include orange, lemon, apricot, peach and sour cherry.
You will find a wide variety of alcoholic drinks in Turkey, we suggest you don't try them all in one night! Beer (bira) is ever popular. Efes, Pilsen and Tuborg are the leading brands, which are very refreshing in the summer. They are sold in bottles, cans and drought. Establishments often have an agreement with only one brewery and therefore will only sell one brand. Wine is grown in areas as diverse as Thrace and Cappadocia. The best domestic white wines are 'Cankaya', 'Villa Doluca', and 'Kavaklidere', made in Cappadocia, while 'Yakut' and 'Kavalikdere' produce the finest red. 'Raki', the national aperitif served with ice and water which turns the clear spirit cloudy, is a very warming drink although you may find it a bit rough at first - persevere. Domestically produced gin, vodka and brandy are also available in most of the bars, pubs, and restaurants.
A basic lunch and dinner (main meal + salad) in a local restaurant will cost you between TRY 20 (EUR 1.49) and TRY 30 (EUR 2.23), a soft drink about TRY 5 (EUR 0.37).
Tips are common place and customary in Turkey, for everything from table service in a restaurant to a massage in a Turkish bath. It is more often a reward for good service and for most local people, an essential means of supplementing their income, meagre by Western Standards. Often tourists to a country don't know how much to tip or who to tip.
The following amounts are a guideline and based on local considerations and feedback from our past travellers:
Restaurants and taxis: Local markets and basic restaurants - leave the loose change. More up-market restaurants we suggest 5% to 10% of your bill.
Local guides: Throughout your trip you may at times have a local guide in addition to your tour guide. We suggest USD 5 (EUR 4.46) per person per day for local guides.
Drivers: You may have a range of private drivers on your trip. Some may be with you for a short journey while others may be with you for several days. We would suggest a higher tip for those more involved with the group however USD 2 (EUR 1.78) per person per day is generally appropriate.
Gulet Boat Trips: If you are travelling through Southern Turkey on a Gulet Boat trip we suggest USD 2 (EUR 1.78) per person per day for the boat staff.
To answer your next question. . . as a guideline we suggest for your tour guide USD 5 (EUR 4.46) per person per day, but ultimately, its up to you.
Uzbekistan is 5 hours ahead of Greenwich Meant Time.
Electricity
220 volts / 50 Hz - Sockets are of European two pronged round pin variety.
Religion
Muslim 88% (Sunni), Russian Orthodox 9%, other 3%
Money
The monetary unit in Uzbekistan is the Uzbekistani Som (UZS). 1 Som = 100 Tiyin.
Current Exchange rate UZS 10,000 (EUR 0.82) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Bring enough cash for the duration of your stay. Travellers' cheques are not normally accepted. There are very few cash dispensers. US dollars are the most widely accepted foreign currency. Only change money through official exchange booths. It is illegal to change money on the black market, and harsh penalties will be imposed on those caught doing so. Damaged or marked bank notes will not be accepted at official exchange locations. You will need to complete a foreign currency declaration form when you arrive, and keep a copy yourself. You cannot leave with more foreign currency than you arrive with.
Language
Uzbek (Turkic tongue) 74%, Russian 14%, Tajik 4.5%, other 7%
Eating And Drinking
Food. Mutton is a popular variety of meat due to the abundance of sheep in the country and it is a part of various Uzbek dishes. Uzbekistan's signature dish is palov (plov or osh or 'pilaf'), a main course typically made with rice, pieces of meat, grated carrots and onions. It is usually cooked in a kazan (or deghi) over an open fire; chickpeas, raisins, barberries, or fruit may be added for variation.
Drink. If you want to meet locals in Uzbekistan sit down for some tea or if invited out, you will most certainly be offered tea. Green tea is the most popular tea and sugar is never added. For a more historic drink, try ayran, which is a yogurt drink and more common during the hot summer months or sumalyak, which is cream of wheat. If you want coffee, juice, or soft drinks, they are also available although none have a true place in the country's culture.
Alcohol is popular in Uzbekistan, despite the fact that the people are primarily Muslim, a religion that outlaws alcohol, however due to the people's long history under Soviet rule there is little taboo with drinking alcohol today. Even for locals who don't drink they rarely take offense when others drink. Also due to Soviet influence, beer and vodka are the most popular alcoholic drinks, but there are a few local wineries as well. Vodka, beer, and wine, both local and foreign are widely available in the country. For other alcoholic drinks, including most hard liquors, you may have troubles finding what you want, but if you look hard enough they are available, although rarely in restaurants.
Tipping in Uzbekistan isn't common or expected. In nicer establishments you may see a 10% service charge on the bill. If you felt service was exceptional then you can tip up to 5%.
230 volts / 50 Hz - Sockets are of European two pronged round pin variety.
Religion
Muslim 61.1% (30.6% Sunni, 30.5% Shia), Christian 33.7% (Maronite Catholics are the largest Christian group), Druze 5.2%
Money
The monetary unit in Lebanon is the Lebanese Pound (LBP). 1 Lebanese Pound = 100 piastres.
Current Exchange rate LBP 10,000 (EUR 5.79) as at Thu, 25 Nov 2021 23:55:01 GMT
Most commercial banks have ATMs that can be used with international debit and credit cards. Usually ATMs are not hard to find. Visa and MasterCard are mostly accepted.
Language
Arabic (official), French, English
Eating And Drinking
Food. Lebanese cuisine is similar to those of many countries in the Eastern Mediterranean, such as Syria, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus. The Lebanese national dishes are the kibbe, a meat pie made from finely minced lamb and burghul (cracked wheat), and the tabbouleh, a salad made from parsley, tomatoes, and burghul. Lebanese restaurant meals begin with a wide array of mezze - small savoury dishes, such as dips, salads, and pastries. The mezze are typically followed by a selection of grilled meat or fish. In general, meals are finished with Arabic coffee and fresh fruit, though sometimes a selection of traditional sweets will be offered as well. M'Juhdara, a thick stew of onions, rice, and lentils, is sometimes considered poor man's fare and is often eaten around Lent by people in the Lebanese diaspora. Beirut and its environs contain many restaurants of various national origins.
Alcohol. The national beverage is arak, a strong anise-flavored liquor made from fermented grape juice. It is usually drunk with water and ice, which turns the clear liquid milky-white, and usually accompanies food. Arak is a strong spirit similar to the Greek ouzo and the Turkish raki. Wine is growing in popularity and a number of vineyards exist in the Bekaa valley and elsewhere. Beer is also highly popular and Lebanon produces a number of local beers, of which almaza is perhaps the most popular.
Tipping is widespread in Lebanon. Hotel porters and parking valets Somewhere around LBP 4,000 (EUR 2.31), depending on the level of service, will be appreciated. Waiters Usually tipped around 10% to 15%, but check your bill before doing so: some places automatically add a 15% service charge.