Pragmatism

1. PRAGMATISM Reported by: JenniferG. Rapista (MAED) Subject: EDUM001 Professor: Lourdes Guanzon West Negros University

2. Whatis Pragmatism? The term pragmatism derives its origin from a Greek word meaning to do, to make, to accomplish. So the use of words likes action or practice or activity. Action gets priority over thought. Experience is at the centre of the universe. Everyone is tested on the touch-stone of experience. Beliefs and ideas are true if they are workable and profitable otherwise false.

3. PRAGMATISM asa philosophicalmovement A philosophical movement first given systematic expression and consists of varying but associated theories, originally developed by Charles S. Peirce and William James and later taken up and transformed by John Dewey. Distinguished by the doctrine that the meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences. Pragmatists emphasize the practical function of knowledge as an instrument for adapting to reality and controlling it.

4. Main Proponents of Pragmatism Pragmatism originated as a philosophical movement in the United States in the late 1800s. Its main proponents were Charles Sanders Peirce, WilliamJamesand John Dewey (all members of The Metaphysical Club) as well as George Herbert Mead.

5. Charles Sanders Peirce Charles Sanders Peirce was an American philosopher, logician, mathematician, and scientist, sometimes known as The Father of Pragmatism". The crux of Peirces pragmatism is that for any statement to be meaningful, it must have practical bearings.

6. William James An American philosopher and psychologist who was also trained as a physician. The first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States, James was one of the leading thinkers of the late nineteenth century and is believed by many to be one of the most influential philosophers the United States has ever produced, while others have labelled him the "Father of American psychology". William James, the author of the Pragmatic Theory, defines truth in terms of the usefulness of a belief. He thinks that useful beliefs are true and useless beliefs are false.

7. John Dewey Father of Modern Experiential Education American philosopher and educator who was a leading exponent of philosophical pragmatism and rejected traditional methods of teaching by rote in favor of a broad-based system of practical experience. An early proponent of progressive education, maintained that schools should reflect the life of the society. Education is not preparation for life; education is life itself.

8. George Herbert Mead American philosopher, sociologist and psychologist, primarily affiliated with the University of Chicago, where he was one of several distinguished pragmatists. One of the founders of social psychology and the American sociological tradition. The two most important roots of Mead's work are the philosophy of pragmatism and social behaviorism.

9. FORMS OF PRAGMATISM 1. HUMANISTIC PRAGMATISM This type of pragmatism is particularly found in social sciences. According to it the satisfaction of human nature is the criterion of utility. In philosophy, in religion and even in science man is the aim of all thinking and everything else is a means to achieve human satisfaction.

10. 2. EXPERIMENTAL PRAGMATISM Modern science is based upon experimental method. The fact that can be ascertained by experiment is true. No truth is final, truth is known only to the extent it is useful in practice. The pragmatists use this criterion of truth in every field of life. The human problems can be solved only through experiment.

11. 3. NOMINALISTIC PRAGMATISM When we make any experiment we attend to the result. Our aim is examination of the material. Some hypothesis about the results invariably precedes every experiment. According to nominalistic pragmatism, the results of an experiment are always particular and concrete, never general and abstract.

12. 4. BIOLOGICAL PRAGMATISM Experimentalism of John Dewey is based upon this biological pragmatism according to which the ultimate aim of all knowledge is harmony of the man with the environment. Education develops social skill which facilitates ones life. The school is a miniature society which prepares the child for future life.

13. PRINCIPLESOF PRAGMATISM

14. PLURALISM Philosophically, the pragmatists are pluralists. According to them there are as many words as human beings. The ultimate reality is not one but many. Everyone searches truth and aim of life according to his experiences.

15. EMPHASISON CHANGE The pragmatists emphasize change. The world is a process, a constant flux. Truth is always in the making. The world is ever progressing and evolving. Therefore, everything here is changing.

16. UTILITARIANISM Pragmatists are utility is the test of all truth and reality. A useful principle is true. Utility means fulfillment of human purposes. The results decide the good and evil of anything, idea, beliefs and acts. Utility means satisfaction of human needs.

17. CHANGING AIM AND VALUES The aim and values of life change in different times and climes. The old aims and values, therefore, cannot be accepted as they are. Human life and the world is a laboratory in which the aims and values are developed.

18. Thankyou!!!

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