Pptslides Week2 Sept2011 Describing Aims and Objectives Expressing Purpose 1

8/3/2019 Pptslides Week2 Sept2011 Describing Aims and Objectives Expressing Purpose 1

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LE 4000

ENGLISH FOR ACADEMIC WRITING

WEEK 2

DESCRIBING AIMS ANDOBJECTIVES



PART 1

GENERATING IDEAS



INTRODUCTIONWhat should you have in an introduction of your

research report?

i. Background information

ii. Statement of the problem

iii. Purpose/Objective

iv. Research questions

v. Def inition of key terms



Where to start?Start with YOUR OWN INTEREST. Then,

y

Read«read«read«.newspapers, magaz

ines or journals

y Browse the internet

y Discuss

y

Wr ite freely

y Ask yourself some wh- questions



Make a list: Put your ideas on paper

Remember: Every topic has possi bilities

Topics

ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES?

y

Animal abuse?y Deforestations?

y Air pollution?

CONCEPTS?

y Recycling?

y Cloning?

y Waste management?



Important things to remember«You need an issue or problem to start

your research

Your topic of research must be

k ulliyyah related

You need at least 5 academic sourcesavailable for references



How do I narrow down my topic? First, choose a general area of your studies thatinterest you.

Example: COMPUTING Second, f ind an issue related to it

Example: Lack of Computers in

Malaysian Pr imary Schools

Third, decide on what you want to research on.

Example: The effects of computing onchildren behavioural development.



How do I narrow down my topic? Later, f ind out if there are enough academic

sources available for you to support and develop all

the above. Otherwise, you need to change your topic.



THE LANGUAGE FORMS

You need to ma k e sure that you can use correct

and appropriate tenses so that you can write your introduction effectively. For instance:

The Simple Present tense to express facts (Active/Passive)

Ex:____________________________________________________

The Present Perfect Tense to express relevance of past action topresent situation (Active/Passive)

Ex:____________________________________________________ Inf initives phrases to express purpose

Ex:____________________________________________________



LANGUAGE FORMSIMPLE PRESENT TENSE TO EXPRESS FACTS

EXAMPLES

1. These schools recruit teaching staff whosemother tongue is English.

2. Cultural awareness is usually consideredimportant for expats to function mosteffectively in most positions in most countries.



LANGUAGE FORMTHE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE TO EXPRESS

RELEVANCE OF PAST EVENT TO THE PRESENT

EXAMPLE

Persistent academic dishonesty has perplexed

researchers who f ocus their studies on why students

cheat.



LANGUAGE FORMINFINITIVE OF PURPOSE:

A to -infinitive is to show purpose

Example;The research is designed to study.

The purpose of this study is to explore..

It is the aim of the current research to determine whether.



WRITING DEFINITIONSSimple present tense is used when writing definitions.It can be either in active or passive voice.

Examples;Centre for Academic Integrity (CAI), 2006) definesacademic integrity as a commitment to fivefundamental values: honesty, trust, fairness, respect,

and responsibility . (active)



WRITING DEFINITIONS-

continue Academic integrity is defined as a commitment tofive fundamental values: honesty, trust, fairness,respect, and responsibility (Centre for AcademicIntegrity (CAI), 2006). (passive)

Zolls (1996, p.7) definition of academic integrity isthe value of independent and honest scholarship in

educational endeavors.

Pptslides Week2 Sept2011 Describing Aims and Objectives Expressing Purpose 1

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