PPT on MIS

MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM (MIS)

MBA II SEM(SEC-A)

PRESENTED BY THAKUR SINGH GOVIND SINGH TANWER DHARMVIR

Overview

The FLI Model Infiltrations:

– Viruses / Worms– Lessons Learned

Firewalls & Attacks– What is a firewall?– How do they work?– How to prevent attacks

Security Problems & Solutions

  Failure (Process/Storage)

Lies Infiltration

Prevention Physical Security Uninterruptible Power

Firewalls  

AuthenticationAuthorizationNon-RepudiationTime-StampingDigital Signatures 

Hardware Protection

Firewalls

“Common Sense” Management Non-Stop ProcessesFault-ToleranceWatchdog ProcessorReplication, RAID Backups

Byzantine AgreementReputation Systems

Intrusion DetectionAnti-virus Software

Recovery Fail-OverHot SwappingKey Escrow     

Fail-Stop Digital Signatures

Auditing

Certificate Revocation  

Morris Worm (1988)

Damage: 6000 computers in just a few hours What: just copied itself; didn’t touch data Exploited:

– buffer overflow in fingerd (UNIX)– sendmail debug mode (exec arbitrary cmds)– dictionary of 432 frequently used passwords

Morris Worm (1988)

Lessons Learned from Morris– Diversity is good.– Big programs have many exploitable bugs.– Choose good passwords.– Don’t shut down mail servers: did prevent worm

from spreading but also shut down defense– CERT was created to respond to attacks

Melissa (1999)

What: just copied itself; did not touch data When date=time, “Twenty-two points, plus triple word

score, plus fifty points for using all my letters. Game’s over. I’m outta here.”

Exploited:– MS Word Macros (VB)– MS Outlook Address Book (Fanout = 50)

“Important message from <user name> …”

Melissa (1999)

Lessons Learned:– Homogeneity is bad.– Users will click on anything.– Separation of applications is good.– Users “trusted” the message since it came from

someone they knew.– Don’t open attachments unless they are expected.

Other Viruses / Worms

CIH Chernobyl Virus, 1998, Taiwan:– Time bomb: April 26, or 26th of each month– Writes random garbage to disk start at sector 0– attempts to trash FLASH BIOS– Hides itself in unused spaces

Worm.ExploreZip, 1999: Melissa + zeroed out files BubbleBoy, 1999: Melissa-like except doesn’t require

opening an attachment (ActiveX) Love Bug, 2000: “I LOVE YOU” (like Melissa)

Code Red (2001)

Runs on WinNT 4.0 or Windows 2000 Scans port 80 on up to 100 random IP addresses Resides only in RAM; no files Exploits buffer overflow in Microsoft IIS 4.0/5.0

(Virus appeared one month after advisory went out) Two flavors:

– Code Red I: high traffic, web defacements, DDOS on whitehouse.gov, crash systems

– Code Red II: high traffic, backdoor install, crash systems Three phases: propagation (1-19), flood (20-27), termination (28-

31) Other victims: Cisco 600 Routers, HP JetDirect Printers

Nimda (2001)

Multiple methods of spreading(email, client-to-server, server-to-client, network sharing)

– Server-to-client: IE auto-executes readme.eml (that is attached to all HTML files the server sends back to the client)

– Client-to-server: “burrows”: scanning is local 75% of time– Email: readme.exe is auto executed upon viewing HTML email

on IE 5.1 or earlier

Just this week… BadTrans Worm

Spread via email; attacks Windows systems Records (once per second) keystrokes,

usernames, & passwords into windows with titles: LOG, PAS, REM, CON, TER, NET

Sends to – one of 20+ email addresses– one of 15+ from addresses– one of 15+ attachment names w/ 2 extensions

({.doc/.mp3/.zip},{.pif/.scr})

Firewalls

Two major technologies:– Packet Filters– Proxies

Related technologies– Network Address Translation (NAT)– Virtual Private Networks (VPN)

Packet Filtering Routers

Filter on: – IP Source, IP Dest, Protocol (TCP, UDP, ICMP)– TCP/UDP Source & Dest Ports– ICMP Message Type (req,reply,time exceed)– Packet Size– NICs

Stateful vs. Stateless Inspection– i.e., UDP DA/DP checking

Simple Protocol Checking– i.e., Format Checking, Disconnect “anonymous” FTP x-fers

Packet Filtering

Advantages– One router can protect entire network– Simple filtering is efficient– Widely available

Disadvantages– Hard to configure & test– Reduces router performance– Can’t enforce some policies (i.e., user-level)

Proxies

Security vs. Caching Proxies SOCKS: proxy construction toolkit Trusted Information Systems Firewall Toolkit

(TIS FWTK: Telnet, FTP, HTTP, rlogin, X11) Most used to control use of outbound services Can also be used to control inbound services

(reverse proxying)

Proxies

Advantages– Logging, Caching, Intelligent Filtering– User-level authentication– Guards against weak IP implementations

Disadvantages– Lag behind nonproxied services– Requires different servers for each service– Usually requires modifications to client applications

Firewall Architectures

Dual-Homed Host– Services can only be proxied

Screening Router w/ Bastion Host– Security by packet filtering– Bastion host is single point of failure

Screened Subnet– Ext Router, Perimeter, Bastion Host, Interior Router– Internal ethernet packets protected from perimeter

Example Attacks

IP Spoofing TCP SYN Flood SMURF Attack

– ICMP Ping w/ max payload to broadcast address

D-DOS Attack– Infiltrate, set up sleepers, attack at once

References

White-Hat Security Arsenal, A. Rubin Security Engineering, R. Anderson Gary Kessler Building Internet Firewalls, E. Zwicky, et. Al. Counter Hack, E. Skoudis

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Translates network addresses & ports Does not provide additional “security” Possibilities:

– One external address per internal address– Dynamically assign external address– Map multiple internal to one external (port sharing)– Dynamically assign external addresses and ports

Network Address Translation (NAT)

Advantages– Helps enforce control over outbound connections– Helps restrict incoming traffic– Helps conceal internal network configuration

Disadvantages– Not good for UDP (guess session lifetimes)– Doesn’t deal with embedded IP addresses– Interferes with authentication & encryption– Interferes with logging & packet filtering

Virtual Private Networks

Advantages:– Provides overall encryption– Allows use of protocols that are hard to secure any

other way

Disadvantages:– Involves “dangerous” network connections– Extends the network that must be protected

Management information system (MIS) An MIS provides managers with information and support

for effective decision making, and provides feedback on daily operations

Output, or reports, are usually generated through accumulation of transaction processing data

Each MIS is an integrated collection of subsystems, which are typically organized along functional lines within an organization

What is a computer virus?

Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with computer operation.

A virus might corrupt or delete data on your computer, use your email program to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on your hard disk.

Computer viruses are often spread by attachments in email messages or instant messaging messages. That is why it is essential that you never open email attachments unless you know who it's from and you are expecting it.

Viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files

How to remove and avoid computer viruses

A computer virus is malicious software (also known as "malware") that can copy itself and infect other software or files on your computer.

If you suspect your computer has been infected, the Microsoft Windows website provides step-by-step instructions for removing viruses and other malware.

Fortunately, if you update your computer and use free antivirus software such as Microsoft Security Essentials, you can help permanently remove unwanted software and prevent installation in the first place.

What is spyware?

Spyware is a general term used to describe software that performs certain behaviors, generally without appropriately obtaining your consent first, such as:

Advertising Collecting personal information Changing the configuration of your computer Spyware is often associated with software that displays

advertisements (called adware) or software that tracks personal or sensitive information.

Trading tracking for services

That does not mean all software that provides ads or tracks your online activities is bad. For example, you might sign up for a free music service, but you "pay" for the service by agreeing to receive targeted ads. If you understand the terms and agree to them, you may have decided that it is a fair tradeoff. You might also agree to let the company track your online activities to determine which ads to show you.

What spyware does

Other kinds of spyware make changes to your computer that can be annoying and can cause your computer slow down or crash. These programs can change your web browser's home page or search page, or add additional components to your browser you don't need or want. They also make it very difficult for you to change your settings back to the way you had them.

How to protect spyware

Spyware and other unwanted software can Invade your privacy Bombard you with pop-up windows Slow down your computer Make your computer crash

What is a computer virus?computer operation.

A virus might corrupt Computer viruses are small software programs that are designed to spread from one computer to another and to interfere with or delete data on your computer, use your email program to spread itself to other computers, or even erase everything on your hard disk.

Computer viruses are often spread by attachments in email messages or instant messaging messages. That is why it is essential that you never open email attachments unless you know who it's from and you are expecting it.

Viruses can be disguised as attachments of funny images, greeting cards, or audio and video files

How to remove and avoid computer viruses

A computer virus is malicious software (also known as "malware") that can copy itself and infect other software or files on your computer.

If you suspect your computer has been infected, the Microsoft Windows website provides step-by-step instructions for removing viruses and other malware.

Fortunately, if you update your computer and use free antivirus software such as Microsoft Security Essentials, you can help permanently remove unwanted software and prevent installation in the first place.

What is spyware?

Spyware is a general term used to describe software that performs certain behaviors, generally without appropriately obtaining your consent first, such as:

Advertising Collecting personal information Changing the configuration of your computer Spyware is often associated with software that displays

advertisements (called adware) or software that tracks personal or sensitive information.

Trading tracking for services

That does not mean all software that provides ads or tracks your online activities is bad. For example, you might sign up for a free music service, but you "pay" for the service by agreeing to receive targeted ads. If you understand the terms and agree to them, you may have decided that it is a fair tradeoff. You might also agree to let the company track your online activities to determine which ads to show you.

What spyware does

Other kinds of spyware make changes to your computer that can be annoying and can cause your computer slow down or crash. These programs can change your web browser's home page or search page, or add additional components to your browser you don't need or want. They also make it very difficult for you to change your settings back to the way you had them.

How to prevent spyware

Spyware and other unwanted software can Invade your privacy Bombard you with pop-up windows Slow down your computer Make your computer crash

Steps to protect your pc

Step 1: Use a firewall Step 2: Update your software Step 3: Adjust Internet Explorer security

settings Step 4: Download and install antispyware

protection Step 5: Surf and download more safely

Thank you