What is drought? Drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply whether surface or underground water. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region. Although droughts can persist for several years, even a short, intense drought can cause significant damage and harm the local economy. Many plant species, such as cacti, have adaptations such as reduced leaf area and waxy cuticles to enhance their ability to tolerate drought. Some others survive dry periods as buried seeds. Semi- permanent drought produces arid biomes such as deserts and grasslands. Most arid ecosystems have inherently low productivity.
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What is drought?
Drought is an extended period of months or years when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply whether surface or underground water. Generally, this occurs when a region receives consistently below average precipitation. It can have a substantial impact on the ecosystem and agriculture of the affected region. Although droughts can persist for several years, even a short, intense drought can cause significant damage and harm the local economy.
Many plant species, such as cacti, have adaptations such as reduced leaf area and waxy cuticles to enhance their ability to tolerate drought. Some others survive dry periods as buried seeds. Semi-permanent drought produces arid biomes such as deserts and grasslands. Most arid ecosystems have inherently low productivity.
(i) Meteorological drought: This happens when the actual
rainfall in an area is significantly less than the climatological mean of that area. The country as a whole may have a normal monsoon, but different meteorological districts and sub-divisions can have below normal rainfall. The rainfall categories for smaller areas are defined by their deviation from a meteorological area's normal rainfall -Excess: 20 per cent or more above normalNormal: 19 per cent above normal - 19 per cent below normalDeficient: 20 per cent below normal - 59 per cent below normalScanty: 60 per cent or more below normal
(ii) Hydrological drought: A marked depletion of surface water causing very low stream flow and drying of lakes, rivers and reservoirs
(iii) Agricultural drought: Inadequate soil moisture resulting in acute crop stress and fall in agricultural productivity
TYPES OF DROUGHT
DROUGHTS IN INDIA Drought in India has resulted in tens of millions of deaths over the course of the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Indian agriculture is heavily dependent on the climate of India: a favorable southwest summer monsoon is critical in securing water for irrigating Indian crops. In some parts of India, the failure of the monsoons result in water shortages, resulting in below-average crop yields. This is particularly true of major drought-prone regions such as southern and eastern Maharashtra, Karnataka, Haryana , Gujarat, and Rajasthan.
In the past, droughts have periodically led to major Indian famines, including the Bengal famine of 1770, in which up to one third of the population in affected areas died; the 1876–1877 famine, in which over five million people died; and the 1899 famine, in which over 4.5 million died.
KARNATAKA
I. KARNATAKA 139 152163.33 42 57645.54
34. Bangalore 11 7949.50 - -
35. Belgaum 10 13460.80 1 1996.00
36. Bellary 8 9548.50 3 3994.30
37. Bijapur 11 17092.83 7 12477.44
38. Chikmangalur 7 7222.00 1 804.80
39. Chitradurga 9 10754.50 5 7477.50
40. Dharwar 17 13480.10 3 2772.32
41. Gulbarga 10 16167.80 5 8131.00
42. Hasan 8 6833.30 1 1277.80
43. Kolar 11 8215.20 4 3444.70
44. Mandya 7 4961.00 1 1034.28
45. Mysore 11 11947.00 1 1235.90
46. Raichur 9 13972.40 4 6347.60
47. Tumkur 10 10557.70 6 6651.90
S. No.
State / District No. ofTalukas Area of the District( km2)