Rural People Participation in Development
Programmes- An attempt to Understand the ‘PROCESS’
- A presentation based on a project experience By
Dr. Shivappa RamakrishnaAssociate Professor & Chairman
Department of Studies in Social Work, University of Mysore, Manasagangothri
Mysore, Karnataka
Social Injustice
Illegal ways
Global warming
Human trafficking
Irregularities
DiseasesPolluted environment
Corruption
Disparities
Abnormaldeaths
Quality problems
conflicts
Inst
itu
tion
s
Systems/programs
Poor managem
ent
Wea
k lea
ders
hip
Att
itude
Politics
Technical know how?
Community participation?
Policies
Development Stakeholders
NGOs
Pvt. Agencies Politicians
Local Organizations
Community
GOVT. / Dept. Donors
Administrators/ Engineers/
Officers
Norms
Guidelines Political
Local Conditions
Specifications
CodesFinancial
Constraints
EXISTING SYSTEM
Administrator
PREPARES ROUGH ESTIMATE
GETS FINANCIAL SANCTION
PREPARES DETAILED ESTIMATE
CONTRACTOR
CONSTRUCTION/ ASSET CREATION
ROUTINE JOB PUBLIC REPRESENTATIVES/ VILLAGE ELDERS
IDENTIFIES NEEDS
TARGET/ ACHIEVEMENT
LACK OF TIME
O&M
NOT HAPPY WITH …
DESIGN
TECHNOLOGY
QUALITY
LINKED PROBLEMS
•SANITATION
•SEWAGE DISPOSAL
O&M CHALLENGES AND DISFUNCTIONING OF SYSTEM
AGITATION
INSUFFICIENT FUNDS
LIMITED SERVICE LEVEL
LOCAL BODY GOVERNMENT/ LINE
DEPARTMENT
SUPPLY DRIVEN PERSPECTIVE
GOVERNMENT CONSTRUCTS
OPERATES AND MAINTAINS
LIMITED SERVICE LEVEL
COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT IS MISSING
IN THE WHOLE PROCESS OF
PLANNING
TECHNOLOGY SELECTION
DESIGNING
CONSTRUCTION
LACK OF OWNERSHIP FEELING
O&M CHALLENGES
Degree of responsibility of Communities
Degree of responsibility of Government
Centralized System
System with Community Participation
Community Managed System
Autonomous System
Supply-driven +
Engg norms+Hardware +Centralized (state) +
State subsidy +
ParticipatoryDemand-responsive?Users choiceSoftware
Decentralized (district/village)
Cost recovery
Key themes in new development approach
Move from…towards inclusive fold
Approach
ORGANIZING COMMUNITIES THROUGH IEC, LIKE ........
AWARENESS Activities (pre planning, planning, implementation, post implementation, operation, maintenance and management)
Exposure visitsPRA , PLA and PTM TECHNIQUES
CAPACITY BUILDING ! NO NO ? Its Enhancement
CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENTFINANCIAL MANAGEMENT
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE (preventive, corrective and crisis management)
WHAT IS NEEDED? FACILITATION IN…
BEAR ATLEAST SOME % OF CAPITAL COST
PLAN AND DESIGN THEIR OWN SYSTEMS / FACILITIES
EXECUTE (construct) THEIR OWN FACILITIES
OWN THE FACILITIES AND SYSTEM
TAKE RESPONSIBILITY OF FUTURE OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE BOTH PHYSICAL & FINANCIAL
FORM THEMSELVES AS A GROUP VWSSC, VQAT Etc.
HAVE BELIEF/COMMITMENT/ SKILLS IN• USING PARTICIPATORY TOOLS
• MOTIVATING COMMUNITIES
• ORGANISING GROUPS
• DEVELOPING INDEGENOUS TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
• SKILLS TO TRANSFER TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE TO COMMON FOLK
• ENHANCEMENT OF CAPACITIES OF COMMUNITIES
Pillars of Participatory Development Perspective
The three basic pillars are:
Methodology
Sharing
Attitude & BehaviourA
M
S
Principles of Participatory Development perspective are..
• Offsetting biases
• Seeking diversity
• Triangulation
• Optimal ignorance
WITH ENHANCEMENT OF SKILLS IN
TRANSACTION WITH COMMUNITY
IDENTIFICATION OF DEVELOPMENT RELATED PROBLEMS
IDENTIFICATION OF RESOURCES
RESOURCE MAPPING
INTEGRATION OF RESOURCES
PREPARING PROBABLE PLANS
DEVELOPING POSSIBLE TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS
DIFFERENT COMPONENTS INVOLVED
DESIGNING
PREPARATION OF ROUGH PLANS
INTEGRATION OF CAPITAL AND PROBABLE O&M COSTS
EXPLAINING MERITS AND DEMERITS OF EACH TECHNOLOGY OPTION
HELP CHOOSE PROPER TECHNOLOGY AND SYSTEM
LOCAL
LANGUAGE
DEVELOP O&M STRATEGIESTRAINING ON O&M
TRIAL RUN FOR 2-3 MONTHS
REFINE COST RECOVERY STRATEGIES
ESTABLISH USER CHARGE COLLECTING SYSTEM
RUN THE SYSTEM EFFECTIVELY
WITHDRAW
Operation, Maintenance & Management
• Who is responsible for what ?USERS
GP VWSSC
ServiceQuality
Income & Performance
Political Sphere Management Sphere
CommunitySphere
Sustainable RWS & S Cycle
Happy and Healthy Community
New / Rehabilitation
/ Augmentation of Schemes
100% O&M Tariff by the
Users
Effective O & M By
the VWSSC
Let us also join the journey with one or other capacity realizing the critical path…. and contribute to the extent
possible for better HEALTH and HEALTHY SOCIETY
W h e n I l i s t e n , I f o r g e t ,
W h e n I s e e , I r e m e m b e r ,
W h e n I d o , I L e a r n
----- Chinese saying
Thank you for your effective listening
and also critical thinking
Shivappa Ramakrishna