ppt of project

ADAPTIVE LIGHTENING ADAPTIVE LIGHTENING SYSTEM FOR SYSTEM FOR

AUTOMOBILESAUTOMOBILES

AIM OF THE PROJECTAIM OF THE PROJECT

This project is aimed at developing an

adaptive lightening system for automobiles

that automates the operation of headlights

without manual switching.

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

It automatically switches to headlights as it gets darks

It also detects the light from the front coming vehicle

and switches to down lights( Dipping ).

After the vehicle passes by, it switches back to

headlights.

It switches off the headlights during the day time.

ADD ON FEATURES OF THIS PROJECT

It gives a short beep when any of the car door is not closed properly.

It gives a long beep when when the key is left in the car after the engine is switched off and the driver opens the door to get down.

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIRED

HARDWARE COMPONENTS:ATMEL ATMEGA8 MICROCONTROLLERLDRLEDSWITCHESBUZZERSOFTWARE REQUIRED:AVR STUDIO4

INTRODUCTION

In 1927, the foot-operated dimmer switch was introduced and

became standard for much of the century.The last vehicle with

a foot-operated dimmer switch was the 1991 Ford F-Series

In 1935 Tatra T77a introduced light with cornering function -

the front had three headlamps of which the central unit was

linked to the steering, making it possible to turn this lamp with

the steering

DRAWBACKS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

It cannot distinguish whether the light is coming from the opposite vehicle or from the street lights on the road.

These systems could not accurately discern headlamps from non-vehicular light sources such as streetlights, they did not switch to low beam when the driver approached near a vehicle that is oncoming , and they spuriously switched to low beam in response to street lights on the road.

BLOCK DIAGRAM

ATMELATMEGA8

LDR

SWITCHES

POWER SUPPLY

LED(HEADLIGHT)

BUZZER

start

Power supply

ldr1

headlight on Headlight off

ldr2

Dip in light headlight on

Car door open

Short beep Long beep

stop

Led glows

high low

high low

Without keyKey inside

THEORY

COMPONENTS DESCRIPTION:ATMEGA8 MICROCONTROLLERLDRLEDBUZZERPOWER SUPPLY

ATMEGA8 MC OVERVIEW

The ATmega8 is a low-power CMOS 8-bit microcontroller based on the AVR RISC architecture.

By executing powerful instructions in a single clock cycle, the ATmega8 achieves throughputs approaching 1 MIPS per MHz.

It optimizes power consumption versus processing speed.

I/O and Packages – 23 Programmable I/O Lines – 28-lead PDIP, 32-lead TQFP

PIN OUT OF ATMEGA8

ADVANTAGES BY USING ATMEGA8

The PB1 pin has a special function i.e the PWM mode timer FUNCTION.

The PD2 and PD3 pins serve as an external interrupt source. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density non-

volatile memory technology. The Atmel ATmega8 is a powerful microcontroller that

provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

8K Bytes of In-System Self-programmable Flash program memory , 512 Bytes EEPROM

LDR

LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits.

Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.

A photo resistor (LDR) is made of a high resistance semiconductor.

This LDR is used in our project to sense the day and night lights.

The figure shows that when the torch is turned on, the

resistance of the LDR falls, allowing current to pass through it.

LED

• light-emitting diode (LED) is a

semiconductor light source.

• This is one of the important component in this

project.

• It is used to indicate the headlights of a car.

BUZZER

BUZZER is also one of the output component apart from the led in this project.

It is used to produce short beep sound when any one of the car door’s is left opened.

It produces long beep when the key is left inside the car after the engine is switchd off and driver opens the door to move out.

ABOUT AVR STUDIO4

AVR Studio is an Integrated Development Environment (IDE)

for writing and debugging AVR applications in Windows

9x/ME/NT/2000/XP/VISTA environments.

AVR Studio provides a project management tool, source file

editor, simulator,assembler and front-end for C/C++,

programming, and on-chip debugging.

AVR Studio supports the complete range of ATMEL AVR

tools .

The latest version is avr studio 4.18.

START UP WIZARD

OUTPUT MESSAGE

• make: `adaptive.o' is up to date.

• Build succeeded with 0 Warnings...

IMPLEMENTED RESULTS

There are a total of 5 results obtained from the

circuit developed: Led (headlight)off- daytime Led on---nighttime Dip in led light for a few seconds---car from the

opposite side during night time Short beep—car door left open Long beep-key left inside the car and driver opened

car door.

DRAWBACKS

Excessive exposure to heat may damage the ldr which leads to malfunctioning of the circuit.

The two ldr’s must be kept at sufficient distance as there is a chance of interference of light.

APPLICATIONS

It can be used by all automobiles.

FUTURE SCOPE

The new generation Mercedes-Benz E-Class is experimenting using a cmos camera mounted behind the windshield which automatically and continuously adapts the headlamp range to the distance of vehicles ahead or which are oncoming.

The same technology is also being used in the BMW 7 series but this technology is useful in only some of the foreign countries as there is rapid change in the weather conditions suddenly in the night.

CONCLUSION

This turns out to be an efficient system in automatic switching of headlights during both night and day time .This helps in reducing the accidents due the inconvenience caused by the headlights during night time.

It is also an effective anti theft alarm system as it gives a beep sound when the car doors are opened.

REFERENCES

www.atmel.com http://www.carazoo.com/article/1512200801/

Adaptive-High-Beam-Headlights----Latest-Innovation-in-Car-Safety

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headlamp http://www.robosense.in/index.php/forum.html?

func=view&catid=5&id=141 http://www.google.com/ http://www.hbeonlabs.com/projectsguidance.htm

WORK SCHEDULE

• JUNE 01-04 :LITERATURE SURVEY

• JUNE 7- REPORT GUIDELINES

• JUNE 8-BASIC ELECTRONICS

• JUNE 9– STUDY ON RELAYS,SWITCHES

• JUNE 10—ACTIVE DEVICES

• JUNE 11- SOLDERING

• JUNE 14—HARDWARE INTRODUCTION

• JUNE 15- POWER SUPPLY DESIGN AND

CIRCUIT DESIGN

• JUNE 16 –SOLDERING OF POWER

SUPPLY

• JUNE 21-26: HARDWARE COMPONENTS

SOLDERING

JUNE 28—TESTING OF THE CIRCUIT

JUNE 29---CODING

JUNE 30---DUMPING OF CODE ON MC