Pp to use

English as a Second and/or

Foreign Language

Seminar Presenter:

GABRIELA LUGO de ARNSDORF

ESL Instructor

(530) 519-6475

[email protected]

Objectives

• Elements influencing first and second language acquisition as well as important methodologies will be discussed.

“The mediocre teacher tells.

The good teacher explains.

The superior teacher demonstrates.

The great teacher inspires.”William Arthur Ward

Point APoint

B

• Noam Chomsky

–innate capacity

•B. F. Skinner

–immitate-reinforce

• Grammar Translation

• Direct Method

• Audiolingual Method

• Cognitive Approach

• Concurrent Translation

Source: http://www.state.sc.us/ddsn/pubs/hinjury/brain.gif

Motor Area = ___________________

Sensory Area = ________________

Cerebellum =

Brain Stem =

The brain is a ___________!

Our Brains and Language

muscle

thinking

emotions

body maintenance

vital functions

The Brain and LanguageBrain: (basics)

Thinking -- Emotional -- Body Maintenancemotor area sensory area cerebellum

Language:Learn Conscious - mastery of grammar and vocabulary

--rules

Acquire Subconscious - language appropriated by the mind

--intuitiveCannot learn? (ability) Will not learn? (desire)

__ too old __ dislike__ too embarrassed __ attitude__ no time __ prejudice__ no interest __ ignorance__ _______________ __ _______________ _______________ __ _____________

Goal:

First: Comprehendask questions pay attention

Second: Produceproduction happens in stages:

non-verbalsingle wordtwo/three wordsphrasessentences

“To acquire the ability to communicate in another language,one must use that language in a communicative situation.”

Natural Approach

• S. Krashen

• T. Terrell

Language Develops… naturally

Natural Approach - Krashen & Terrell

• Comprehension precedes production

• Production must be allowed to emerge in stages

- Preproduction -- (comprehension is essential)

- Early production

- Speech emergence

- Intermediate fluency

• The lessons must be based on communication

• Activities & environment should produce a lowered

affective filter

Activity #1Participants: find the group you have been assigned to

and respond to the following questions

according to “your” level:

1. Practice responding to these four questions:What is your name? Are your parents coming to get you?

Do you have lunch? Do you want to write on the board?

2. Be sure to respond according to the “level” you have been assigned.

3. Prepare to “act your level” for the whole group.

Produce in Stages…Share what you felt…

What did you want the other

participant to be able to say?

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Remember...

Acquiring a second language is possible

because…

It is “Natural” for language to emerge

and fluency to increase

We must provide our students with…

Essentials to Consider

• The affective filter controls the amount of input the

learner comes in contact with and how much is

converted into “intake”.

– Our goal is to lower the affective filter so students are “off the

defensive” – one possibility: do not correct errors directly

• Optimal Input requires comprehension PRIOR to

production

Background Information• Components for acquiring a second language:

– Linguistic distance

– Native language proficiency

– Knowledge of second language

– Status of first language in the community

– Attitude toward student’s first language

• Theories

– Language Acquisition Device

– Language Instinct

– Language Organ

Tips on Studying a

Foreign Language

• Study every day!

• Distribute your study time

• Attend and participate in every class

• Make yourself comfortable in the classroom

• Learn grammar if you don’t already know it

• Practice for tests

• Develop a good attitude

• Get help if you need it

Tips (continued)

• Reading

• Writing

• Listening

• Speaking

• Thinking

Material by Jo Ann Cope Powell, Ph.D. The University of Texas at Austin http://www.utexas.edu/student/utlc

What can we do?

What are we doing?

What works?

Objectives

• Elements influencing first and second

language acquisition as well as important

methodologies will be discussed.

• We will look at a successful

implementation of learning within the

second language acquisition framework.

Activity #2

Participants: locate another person who has the same number on his/her card and…

1. Share how you promote listening, reading, writing, speaking and thinking in your classrooms;

2. Write an idea or two on your cards;

3. Prepare to share with the group.

Methods that Work

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Q

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B

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6

Action Plan

Present activities that are “… compatible with the

natural approach in that they begin with the student’s

own world and usually with language that the student

already has acquired.”

Patricia A. Richard-Amato

Consider: “What did we need in order to speak our first language?”

“All we needed was exposure to natural language

in a social environment”

REAL Language

• Basic Social Communication –BICS

(Basic Interpersonal Communicative Skills)

• Academic Formal Communication –CALP

(Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency)

Which is emphasized in our classrooms?

“The more a studentINTERACTS

with the information,the more likely he or she is to

MASTER ITSOURCE UNKNOWN

• Simplify Input

• Use Contextual Clues

• Check for Understanding

• Present Appropriate Lessons

Objectives

• Elements influencing first and second

language acquisition as well as important

methodologies will be discussed.

• We will look at a successful implementation of

learning within the second language

acquisition framework.

• Participants will leave with a few classroom

activities and ideas that promote listening,

reading, writing, speaking, and thinking in

and outside the classroom.

Methods that

Maximize Acquisition

• Total Physical Response

• Suggestopedia

• Natural Approach

• Others…

Some Activitiesto maximize successful incorporation of listening,

reading, writing, speaking, and thinking!

From various sources and contributors

• My Vote/Our Vote

• Verbs

• Picture Activities

• “I am” poem• Team of Three

• My Favorite Place

• One minutes speeches

• Quotes and Proverbs

• Songs

Disclaimer

Various

sources

please see

Bibliography

in your electronic copy

Evaluation

Your comments and

suggestions are

sincerely

appreciated

Thank You