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PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Key DefinitionsThe As-Is system is the current system and may or may not be computerizedThe To-Be system is the new system that is based on updated requirementsThe System Proposal is the key deliverable from the Analysis Phase
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Key IdeasThe goal of the analysis phase is to truly understand the requirements of the new system and develop a system that addresses them -- or decide a new system isn’t needed.The System Proposal is presented to the approval committee via a system walk-through.Systems analysis incorporates initial systems design.Requirements determination is the single most critical step of the entire SDLC.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
A statement of what the system must do A statement of characteristics the system must haveFocus is on business user needs during analysis phaseRequirements will change over time as project moves from analysis to design to implementation
What is a Requirement?
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Problem AnalysisAsk users to identify problems and solutionsImprovements tend to be small and incrementalRarely finds improvements with significant business value
Root Cause AnalysisChallenge assumptions about why problem existsTrace symptoms to their causes to discover the “real” problem
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Duration AnalysisCalculate time needed for each process stepCalculate time needed for overall processCompare the two – a large difference indicates a badly fragmented processPotential solutions:
Process integration – change the process to use fewer people, each with broader responsibilitiesParallelization – change the process so that individual step are performed simultaneously
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Activity-Based CostingCalculate cost of each process stepConsider both direct and indirect costsIdentify most costly steps and focus improvement efforts on them
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Technology AnalysisAnalysts list important and interesting technologiesManagers list important and interesting technologiesThe group identifies how each might be applied to the business and how the business might benefit
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Your TurnHow do you know whether to use business process automation, business process improvement, or business process reengineering? Provide two examples.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Closed-Ended Questions * How many telephone orders are received per day?
* How do customers place orders?* What additional information would you like the new system to provide?
Open-Ended Questions * What do you think about the current system?* What are some of the problems you face on a daily basis?* How do you decide what types of marketing campaign to run?
Probing Questions * Why?* Can you give me an example?* Can you explain that in a bit more detail?
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Conducting the InterviewAppear professional and unbiasedRecord all informationCheck on organizational policy regarding tape recordingBe sure you understand all issues and termsSeparate facts from opinionsGive interviewee time to ask questionsBe sure to thank the intervieweeEnd on time
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
A structured group process focused on determining requirementsInvolves project team, users, and management working togetherMay reduce scope creep by 50%Very useful technique
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Time commitment – ½ day to several weeksStrong management support is needed to release key participants from their usual responsibilitiesCareful planning is essentiale-JAD can help alleviate some problems inherent with groups
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
QuestionnairesA set of written questions, often sent to a large number of peopleMay be paper-based or electronicSelect participants using samples of the populationDesign the questions for clarity and ease of analysisAdminister the questionnaire and take steps to get a good response rateQuestionnaire follow-up report
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
•Begin with non-threatening and interesting questions•Group items into logically coherent sections•Do not put important items at the very end of the questionnaire•Do not crowd a page with too many items•Avoid abbreviations•Avoid biased or suggestive items or terms•Number questions to avoid confusion•Pretest the questionnaire to identify confusing questions•Provide anonymity to respondents
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Document AnalysisStudy of existing material describing the current systemForms, reports, policy manuals, organization charts describe the formal systemLook for the informal system in user additions to forms/report and unused form/report elementsUser changes to existing forms/reports or non-use of existing forms/reports suggest the system needs modification
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Watch processes being performedUsers/managers often don’t accurately recall everything they doChecks validity of information gathered other waysBe aware that behaviors change when people are watchedBe unobtrusiveIdentify peak and lull periods
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
SummaryThe analysis process focuses on capturing the business requirements for the systemFunctional and non-functional business requirements tell what the system must doThree main requirements analysis techniques are BPA, BPI, and BPRThese techniques vary in potential business value, but also in potential cost and risk
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
Summary, continuedThere are five major requirements-gathering techniques that all systems analysts must be able to use: Interviews, JAD, Questionnaires, Document Analysis, and Observation.Systems analysts must also know how and when to use each as well as how to combine methods.
PowerPoint Presentation for Dennis & Haley Wixom, Systems Analysis and Design, 2nd Edition
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