PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 26 Powder Metallurgy, Forming, Machining, and Grinding Powder Metallurgy Primary Forming Processes Secondary Forming.

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Chapter 26Chapter 26Powder Metallurgy, Forming,

Machining, and GrindingPowder Metallurgy, Forming,

Machining, and Grinding

Powder Metallurgy • Primary Forming Processes • Secondary Forming Processes • Machining • Grinding

Powder Metallurgy • Primary Forming Processes • Secondary Forming Processes • Machining • Grinding

Chapter 26 — Powder Metallurgy, Forming,Machining, and Grinding


Powder metallurgy (P/M) consists of several steps.Powder metallurgy (P/M) consists of several steps.



Compacting consolidates and densifies the component for transportation to the sintering furnace.Compacting consolidates and densifies the component for transportation to the sintering furnace.



Cold isostatic pressing is performed at room temperature with liquid as the pressure medium. Hot isostatic pressing is performed at elevated temperature with gas as the pressure medium.

Cold isostatic pressing is performed at room temperature with liquid as the pressure medium. Hot isostatic pressing is performed at elevated temperature with gas as the pressure medium.



A macroetched section through a forging indicates that the grain flow follows the contour of the component, which often maximizes strength in the direction of greatest operating stress.

A macroetched section through a forging indicates that the grain flow follows the contour of the component, which often maximizes strength in the direction of greatest operating stress.



In impression die forging, the workpiece is shaped within the cavities of two dies that come together to completely enclose it.

In impression die forging, the workpiece is shaped within the cavities of two dies that come together to completely enclose it.



Roll forging is used to produce components with long, symmetrical sections, often with a slight taper, by forcing the workpiece between two matched and grooved rolls that rotate in opposite directions.

Roll forging is used to produce components with long, symmetrical sections, often with a slight taper, by forcing the workpiece between two matched and grooved rolls that rotate in opposite directions.



Upset forging is used to gather a large amount of material at one end of a bar, such as in the forming of a wrench socket.

Upset forging is used to gather a large amount of material at one end of a bar, such as in the forming of a wrench socket.



Ring rolling is the shaping of seamless rings by reducing the cross section and increasing the circumference of a donut-shaped blank.

Ring rolling is the shaping of seamless rings by reducing the cross section and increasing the circumference of a donut-shaped blank.



Rotary forging requires significantly less force compared with other forging processes.

Rotary forging requires significantly less force compared with other forging processes.



Radial forging is used to produce components having a circular cross section.

Radial forging is used to produce components having a circular cross section.



Rolling is described by the roll design and roll configuration.

Rolling is described by the roll design and roll configuration.



The primary methods of extrusion are forward extrusion and backward extrusion.

The primary methods of extrusion are forward extrusion and backward extrusion.



Fast ram speeds and short strokes are used in impact extrusion, and, because of the impulsive force applied, high production rates are possible.

Fast ram speeds and short strokes are used in impact extrusion, and, because of the impulsive force applied, high production rates are possible.



The neutral axis is the boundary line between tensile and compressive stresses in bending.

The neutral axis is the boundary line between tensile and compressive stresses in bending.



Bending methods include draw bending, compression bending, and press bending.

Bending methods include draw bending, compression bending, and press bending.



Roll bending is used to curve plate, sheet, and bars into cylinders or cylindrical segments using machines with two or three rolls.

Roll bending is used to curve plate, sheet, and bars into cylinders or cylindrical segments using machines with two or three rolls.



Spinning is a process of forcing disks or tubing into cones, disk shapes, hollow cylinders, and other circular shapes by combined forces of rotation and pressure.

Spinning is a process of forcing disks or tubing into cones, disk shapes, hollow cylinders, and other circular shapes by combined forces of rotation and pressure.



Stretch forming is a process for forming sheet metal by applying tension to it and then wrapping it around a die of the desired shape.

Stretch forming is a process for forming sheet metal by applying tension to it and then wrapping it around a die of the desired shape.



Superplastic forming enables sheet metal to be deformed into complex shapes under relatively low pressure.

Superplastic forming enables sheet metal to be deformed into complex shapes under relatively low pressure.



In metal stamping operations, sheet metal is formed into the desired shape by the punch and the die.In metal stamping operations, sheet metal is formed into the desired shape by the punch and the die.



Cold heading is used to force metal to cold flow into enlarged sections by endwise squeezing.Cold heading is used to force metal to cold flow into enlarged sections by endwise squeezing.



In rotary swaging, tapered dies open and shut rapidly, as much as several thousand times a minute, as the workpiece is fed in.

In rotary swaging, tapered dies open and shut rapidly, as much as several thousand times a minute, as the workpiece is fed in.



Sizing, coining, and hobbing are finishing operations that change metal thickness and configuration by squeezing and working the metal beyond its yield point.

Sizing, coining, and hobbing are finishing operations that change metal thickness and configuration by squeezing and working the metal beyond its yield point.



Thread rolling is the production of threads by rolling the workpiece between two grooved die plates and is most commonly used for making screw threads.

Thread rolling is the production of threads by rolling the workpiece between two grooved die plates and is most commonly used for making screw threads.



Ironing is a process for smoothing and thinning the wall of a shell or cup.

Ironing is a process for smoothing and thinning the wall of a shell or cup.



The cutting tool is characterized by the rake angle and the relief angle.

The cutting tool is characterized by the rake angle and the relief angle.



A lathe is a basic feature of any machine shop and performs a variety of turning functions.A lathe is a basic feature of any machine shop and performs a variety of turning functions.



Trepanning is a machining process for producing a circular hole or groove in solid stock, or a disk, cylinder, or tube from solid stock.

Trepanning is a machining process for producing a circular hole or groove in solid stock, or a disk, cylinder, or tube from solid stock.



Milling is the removal of material from a workpiece by a rotary tool with teeth that engage the workpiece as it moves past the tool.

Milling is the removal of material from a workpiece by a rotary tool with teeth that engage the workpiece as it moves past the tool.



Broaching is cutting with a bar that has a series of teeth on one face that is pushed or pulled over the surface of the workpiece.

Broaching is cutting with a bar that has a series of teeth on one face that is pushed or pulled over the surface of the workpiece.



Electrical discharge machining is the removal of metal by rapid spark discharge between different polarity electrodes.

Electrical discharge machining is the removal of metal by rapid spark discharge between different polarity electrodes.



Electrochemical machining is the controlled removal of metal by anodic dissolution in an electrolytic cell in which the workpiece is the anode and the tool is the cathode.

Electrochemical machining is the controlled removal of metal by anodic dissolution in an electrolytic cell in which the workpiece is the anode and the tool is the cathode.



Chemical milling is the controlled dissolution of a workpiece surface by contact with chemical reagents varying in type and strength.

Chemical milling is the controlled dissolution of a workpiece surface by contact with chemical reagents varying in type and strength.



Grinding wheels are marked with symbols that designate their properties.Grinding wheels are marked with symbols that designate their properties.

PowerPoint ® Presentation Chapter 26 Powder Metallurgy, Forming, Machining, and Grinding Powder Metallurgy Primary Forming Processes Secondary Forming.

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