05.10.2017 1 Technical English - I 5 th week SURVEYING AND MAPPING surveying / position / natural / man made / feature / equipment / mapping What is surveying? It is the art of defining the positions of natural and man-made features on the Earth’s surface. Basic Tasks and Features in Surveying: Measurements Surveying tools and equipment Evaluation of survey data Mapping distance / elevation / angle / coordinates Basic Engineering measurements: Distance Elevation Angle Coordinates (X/Y or Lat/Long etc.) distance interval length space Elevation (vertical position) is the height of a point relative to some reference point Today’s Engineering Survey Tasks Cadastral surveying Area calculations Complex volume calculations Stockpile surveys Cut / excavation / fill calculations (Surveying for landfill sites) Slope measurements Cross and long sections Aerial photography surveying (photogrammetric survey) Surveying for 3D model generation Building Measurements and Structural Monitoring Setting out of buildings (building footprint) Facade measurements Deformation / settlement monitoring, inspection measurements Underground utility mapping survey cadastral / stockpile / excavation / photogrammetry / generation / facade / utility / building setting out / footprint / deformation / monitoring / settlement / inspection surveying tools / equipment / device / traditional / contemporary / state-of-the-art Traditional and contemporary (state-of- the-art electronic devices) surveying tools steel tape / chaining pins / spring tension / compass / optical square / ranging rods flag-pole / staff / theodolite / transit / total station / level / tripod steel tapes spring tension theodolite compass ranging rods & flag-pole optical square chaining pins tripod staff level Tripods are used for several surveying instruments, such as theodolites, total stations, levels or transits.
4
Embed
PowerPoint Presentationkisi.deu.edu.tr/yalcin.arisoy/TE1_PDF/TE-I_Surveying_and_Mapping.pdf · depth) Mapping software such as Surfer, Grapher, MapInfo etc. spatial data / latitude
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
05.10.2017
1
Technical English - I 5th week
SURVEYING AND MAPPING
surveying / position / natural / man made / feature / equipment / mapping
What is surveying? It is the art of defining the positions of natural and man-made features on the Earth’s surface.
Traditional and contemporary (state-of-the-art electronic devices) surveying tools
steel tape / chaining pins / spring tension / compass / optical square / ranging rods flag-pole / staff / theodolite / transit / total station / level / tripod
steel tapes
spring tension
theodolite
compass
ranging rods & flag-pole
optical square
chaining pins
tripod
staff
level
Tripods are used for several surveying instruments, such as theodolites, total stations, levels or transits.
05.10.2017
2
transit
They are the same thing. Europeans tend to say "theodolite", which is the older term. Americans tend to say "transit." Both theodolites and transits are instruments used by surveyors to measure horizontal and vertical angles, measure distances and determine elevations. Generally a theodolite is more precise in point of vernier increments and optical systems. It has more incrementations on the circle.
theodolite
vernier increments
theodolite / transit / total station / instrument / precise / vernier / optics
What is the difference between a theodolite and a transit?
The original theodolite was a purely optical instrument, but nowadays most theodolites come with an electronic distance-measuring attachment called as total station. Total stations possess automatic angle and distance readout capabilities.
What is the difference between a theodolite and a total station?
Theodolite Total station is a instrument having
theodolite / total station / instrument / attachment / installation / readout
Manual installation Manual reading of scales
Automatic readout capabilities Simple and quick installation on any ground Fast & easy data transfer to tablet PC or notebook
Theodolites can measure: Horizontal angles Vertical angles Distances Elevations
Levels can measure: Horizontal angles Distances Elevations
Measurement accuracy depends on many factors. Instrument error (Model and type of instrument) Human error (Surveyors’ skill) Natural error (Atmospheric conditions, wind speed, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, etc)
What is the difference between a theodolite and a level?
What is the difference between a theodolite and a level?
leveling / control point / backsight reading / foresight reading
The bubble tube
Leveling with three foot screws
leveling / line of sight / horizontal / bubble tube / vial screw / lever / clamp / tribrach
How to set the line of sight (line of vision ) to be exactly horizontal?
high-tech / EDM / GPS / DGPS / global positioning system / differential / drone
EDM (Electronic Distance Measurement system) Total station equipped with EDM GPS (Global Positioning System) DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) Drones for surveying
The basic principle of DGPS is to remove these errors by determining the difference between the measured distance at an unknown point whose position is to be fixed and an approximation of the true distance as calculated by a receiver at a known position.