1 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. Indicator Value Rating Trend Estimated percentage of the population that in 2018 is living under the poverty threshold of US$ 1.90 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections. Source: World Data Lab (2018) Year of reference: 2018 Gabon 2.6 • L Tajikistan 2.8 • L Brazil 2.9 • L Mexico 2.9 • L Ecuador 3.2 • L Nicaragua 3.2 • L Grenada 3.5 • L Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 3.9 • 5 Romania 4.2 • L Bangladesh 4.4 • L Colombia 4.6 • L Bolivia 4.7 • L St. Vincent and the Grenadines 5.0 • 5 India 5.2 • L Indonesia 5.3 • L Nepal 5.6 • L Guyana 5.6 • L Philippines 5.8 • L Mauritania 6.2 • L Guatemala 8.0 • D Uzbekistan 9.6 • L Ghana 10.0 • 5 Myanmar 10.0 • L Belize 10.7 • 5 Kiribati 11.3 • L Vanuatu 11.9 • 5 Libya 12.5 • p Lao PDR 13.7 • L Djibouti 14.8 • L Venezuela, RB 15.5 • p Cabo Verde 16.3 • D Ethiopia 16.4 • L Honduras 16.8 • D Botswana 16.8 • D Sudan 17.8 • p Timor-Leste 17.9 • L Suriname 20.3 • 5 Comoros 21.4 • 5 Haiti 21.8 • D Cameroon 22.0 • D Namibia 22.8 • D Côte d'Ivoire 23.0 • L São Tomé and Príncipe 23.7 • D Solomon Islands 23.9 • D South Africa 24.6 • 5 St. Lucia 27.9 • p Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 28.1 • p Mali 28.1 • L Kenya 29.0 • D Papua New Guinea 30.2 • D Burkina Faso 30.4 • p Angola 30.5 • 5 Senegal 30.9 • 5 Guinea 31.3 • p Uganda 32.0 • D Liberia 34.3 • 5 Zimbabwe 34.3 • D Afghanistan 34.6 • 5 Tanzania 37.7 • D Eritrea 38.0 • 5 Gambia 39.5 • p Korea, Dem. Rep. 40.1 • 5 Niger 41.0 • 5 Sierra Leone 41.6 • L Nigeria 42.6 • 5 Chad 43.6 • 5 Togo 44.1 • L eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 44.8 • p Rwanda 45.5 • D Benin 47.0 • 5 Congo 50.8 • p Somalia 52.6 • 5 Lesotho 53.1 • 5 Zambia 53.6 • 5 Guinea-Bissau 58.2 • 5 Mozambique 66.5 • 5 Malawi 66.6 • 5 Democratic Republic of Congo 70.5 • 5 Burundi 74.3 • 5 Madagascar 76.6 • p Central African Republic 77.8 • p South Sudan 85.0 • p Yemen, Rep. 86.0 • p Andorra NA • •• Dominica NA • •• Equatorial Guinea NA • •• Liechtenstein NA • •• Marshall Islands NA • •• Monaco NA • •• Nauru NA • •• Palau NA • •• San Marino NA • •• St. Kitts and Nevis NA • •• Syrian Arab Republic NA • •• Tuvalu NA • •• Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population) Costa Rica 0.0 • 5 Thailand 0.0 • 5 Azerbaijan 0.0 • 5 Qatar 0.0 • 5 Russian Federation 0.0 • 5 Samoa 0.0 • 5 New Zealand 0.0 • 5 Turkey 0.0 • 5 Brunei Darussalam 0.0 • 5 Montenegro 0.0 • 5 Switzerland 0.0 • 5 Kazakhstan 0.0 • 5 Kuwait 0.0 • 5 United Arab Emirates 0.0 • 5 Uruguay 0.0 • 5 Jordan 0.0 • 5 Lebanon 0.0 • 5 Poland 0.0 • 5 Turkmenistan 0.0 • 5 Saudi Arabia 0.1 • 5 Moldova 0.1 • 5 Malta 0.1 • 5 Finland 0.1 • 5 Belarus 0.1 • 5 Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.1 • 5 Bahrain 0.1 • 5 Luxembourg 0.1 • 5 Ukraine 0.1 • 5 Ireland 0.1 • 5 Cambodia 0.1 • L Germany 0.1 • 5 Bhutan 0.1 • L Cyprus 0.1 • 5 Iran, Islamic Rep. 0.1 • 5 Australia 0.1 • 5 United Kingdom 0.1 • 5 France 0.1 • 5 Argentina 0.1 • 5 Oman 0.1 • 5 Iceland 0.2 • 5 Netherlands 0.2 • 5 Mongolia 0.2 • 5 Serbia 0.2 • 5 Slovenia 0.2 • 5 Mauritius 0.2 • 5 Belgium 0.2 • 5 Tonga 0.3 • 5 Norway 0.3 • 5 Trinidad and Tobago 0.3 • 5 Austria 0.3 • 5 Czech Republic 0.3 • 5 Algeria 0.3 • 5 Sri Lanka 0.4 • L Fiji 0.4 • 5 Israel 0.4 • 5 Denmark 0.4 • 5 Albania 0.4 • 5 Sweden 0.4 • 5 Canada 0.4 • 5 China 0.4 • L Morocco 0.4 • 5 Chile 0.4 • 5 Estonia 0.5 • 5 Dominican Republic 0.5 • 5 Korea, Rep. 0.5 • 5 United States 0.5 • 5 Japan 0.5 • 5 Hungary 0.6 • 5 Panama 0.6 • L Tunisia 0.6 • L Egypt 0.7 • 5 Jamaica 0.7 • 5 Latvia 0.7 • 5 Portugal 0.8 • 5 Croatia 0.8 • 5 Paraguay 0.9 • L Seychelles 0.9 • 5 Vietnam 0.9 • L Spain 0.9 • 5 Singapore 1.0 • 5 Slovak Republic 1.0 • 5 Iraq 1.0 • L Lithuania 1.1 • 5 Italy 1.1 • 5 El Salvador 1.2 • L Armenia 1.2 • 5 Greece 1.4 • 5 Bulgaria 1.4 • 5 Malaysia 1.4 • L Barbados 1.5 • 5 Kyrgyz Republic 1.6 • L Cuba 1.6 • L Antigua and Barbuda 1.8 • L Bahamas, The 1.9 • 5 Georgia 2.4 • L Maldives 2.5 • L Peru 2.5 • L Pakistan 2.6 • L
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Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population) · Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population) Costa Rica 0.0 • 5 Thailand 0.0 • 5 Azerbaijan 0.0 • 5 Qatar 0.0 •
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1 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Estimated percentage of the population that in 2018 is living under the poverty threshold of US$ 1.90 a day. Estimated using historical estimates of income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections.Source: World Data Lab (2018) Year of reference: 2018
Burundi 74.3 • 5Madagascar 76.6 • pCentral African Republic 77.8 • pSouth Sudan 85.0 • pYemen, Rep. 86.0 • pAndorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••
Poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day (% population)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities2
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Estimated proportion of the population that will be living under the poverty threshold of US$ 1.90 a day in 2030. Countries whose poverty rate is projected to increase receive a red rating for this indicator. Conversely, countries projected to decrease their poverty rate by at least 50% will not receive a red rating. Estimated using historical estimates of income distribution, projections of population changes by age and educational attainment, and GDP projections.Source: World Data Lab (2018) Year of reference: 2018
59.8 • ••Congo 60.6 • ••Madagascar 62.7 • ••Central African Republic 68.6 • ••Burundi 84.4 • ••South Sudan 95.5 • ••Andorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••
Projected poverty headcount ratio at $1.90/day in 2030 (% population)
3 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Relative poverty is measured as the share of the population whose incomes fall below half the median disposable income for the entire population. The income threshold for relative poverty changes over time with changes in median disposable income.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
Poverty rate after taxes and transfers, poverty line 50% (% population)(OECD Member States)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities4
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the population whose food intake is insufficient to meet dietary energy requirements for minimum one year. Dietary energy requirements are defined as the amount of dietary energy required by an individual to maintain body functions, health and normal activity. FAO et al. (2015) report 14.7 million undernourished people in developed regions, which corresponds to an average prevalence of 1.17% in the developed regions. We assumed a 1.2% prevalence rate for each high-income country (World Bank, 2018) with missing data. Source: FAO (2018) Year of reference: 2015
NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Libya NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••
5 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years who are stunted, measured as the percentage that fall below minus two standard deviations from the median height for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of wasting in high-income countries of 2.58%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data.Source: UNICEF et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2002–2015
Prevalence of stunting (low height-for-age) in children under 5 years of age (%)
* Source of trend analysis: IHME (2016)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities6
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of children up to the age of 5 years whose weight falls below minus two standard deviations from the median weight for their age, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards. UNICEF et al. (2016) report an average prevalence of wasting in high-income countries of 0.75%. We assumed this value for high-income countries with missing data.Source: UNICEF et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2002–2015
Prevalence of wasting in children under 5 years of age (%)
* Source of trend analysis: IHME (2016)
7 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the adult population that has a body mass index (BMI) of 30kg/m2 or higher, based on measured height and weight.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Prevalence of obesity, BMI ≥ 30 (% adult population)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities8
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Cereal yield, measured as tonnes per hectare of harvested land. Production data on cereals relate to crops harvested for dry grain only and excludes crops harvested for hay or green for food, feed, or silage and those used for grazing. The source data was converted from kg/ha to t/ha.Source: FAO (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Libya 0.7 • 5Sudan 0.7 • ••Vanuatu 0.6 • 5Zimbabwe 0.6 • pNiger 0.5 • 5Lesotho 0.5 • pSomalia 0.5 • pNamibia 0.5 • 5Botswana 0.5 • 5Eritrea 0.4 • pCabo Verde 0.2 • pAndorra NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••
9 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The Sustainable Nitrogen Management Index (SNMI) is a one-dimensional ranking score that combines two efficiency measures in crop production: Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) and land use efficiency (crop yield).Source: Zhang and Davidson (2016) Year of reference: 2011
Burundi NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Príncipe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Sierra Leone NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities10
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The estimated number of women, between the age of 15-49, who die from pregnancy-related causes while pregnant, or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, per 100,000 live births.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Gambia 706 • 5Burundi 712 • DLiberia 725 • 5Somalia 732 • 5South Sudan 789 • 5Nigeria 814 • 5Chad 856 • DCentral African Republic 882 • 5Sierra Leone 1,360 • DAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••
11 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The number of newborn infants (neonates) dying before reaching 28 days of age, per 1,000 live births.Source: UNICEF et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2016
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities12
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five, if subject to age-specific mortality rates of the specified year, per 1,000 live births.Source: UNICEF et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2016
13 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The estimated rate of new and relapse cases of tuberculosis in a given year, expressed per 100,000 people. All forms of tuberculosis are included, including cases of people living with HIV.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Incidence of tuberculosis (per 100,000 population)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities14
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The estimated prevalance of people living with HIV, per 1,000 people. The estimates are modelled using population-based surveys, where available, and HIV prevalence studies in countries with low-level HIV epidemics where transmission largely occurs among key population groups.Source: IMHE (2016) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)
15 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The probability of dying between the ages of 30 and 70 years from cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes or chronic respiratory diseases, defined as the percentage of 30-year-old people who would die before their 70th birthday from these diseases, assuming current mortality rates at every age and that individuals would not die from any other cause of death (e.g. injuries or HIV/AIDS)Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Age-standardised death rate due to cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease in populations age 30–70 years (per 100,000 population)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities16
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Mortality rate that is attributable to the joint effects of fuels used for cooking indoors and ambient outdoor air pollution. Calculated as number of deaths divided by the total population.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2012
Age-standardised death rate attributable to household air pollution and ambient air pollution (per 100,000 population)
17 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Estimated number of fatal road traffic injuries per 100,000 people.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Malawi 34.2 • pLiberia 35.1 • pVenezuela, RB 41.7 • pZimbabwe 45.4 • pAndorra NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities18
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Average number of years that a person can expect to live in “full health” by taking into account years lived in less than full health due to disease and/or injury. It adds up life expectancy for different health states, adjusted for severity distribution, capturing both fatal and non-fatal health outcomes in a summary measure of average levels of population health.Source: WHO (2018) Year of reference: 2015
* Source of trend analysis: UN Population Division (2018)
19 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The number of births per 1,000 by women between the age of 15-19.Source: UNDP (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Adolescent fertility rate (births per 1,000 women ages 15-19)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities20
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of births attended by personnel trained to give the necessary supervision, care and advice to women during pregnancy, labour and the postpartum period; to conduct deliveries on their own; and to care for newborns.Source: UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2006–2016
21 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Estimated national routine immunisation coverage of infants, expressed as the percentage of surviving infants under the age of 12 months who have received two WHO-recommended vaccines (DTP and measles).Source: WHO and UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Surviving infants who have received 2 WHO-recommended vaccines (%)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities22
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Coverage of essential health services, as defined by 9 tracer interventions and risk-standardized death rates from 32 causes amenable to personal healthcare.Source: IMHE (2016) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)
23 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Subjective self-evaluation of life, where respondents are asked to evaluate where they feel they stand on a ladder where 0 represents the worst possible life and 10 the best possible life.Source: Gallup (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)
Haiti 3.8 • pLesotho 3.8 • pZimbabwe 3.6 • pBotswana 3.5 • 5Central African Republic 3.5 • pSyrian Arab Republic 3.5 • pMalawi 3.4 • 5Rwanda 3.3 • pTanzania 3.3 • DYemen, Rep. 3.3 • pBurundi 2.9 • pSouth Sudan 2.8 • ••Afghanistan 2.7 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities24
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Difference between maximum and minimum life expectancy at birth among different regions of the country.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2013
Gap in life expectancy at birth among regions (years)
Difference between self-reported health status by income level between first and fifth quintile.Source: OECD (2018 Year of reference: 2015
25 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the population aged 15 years and older who are reported to smoke daily.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
Daily smokers (% population age 15+)(OECD Member States)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities26
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of children of the official school age population who are enrolled in primary education.Source: UNESCO (2018) Year of reference: 2009–2017
Chad 78.9 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 78.6 • pGuinea 77.9 • LPakistan 77.8 • 5Gambia 77.6 • DAngola 77.5 • ••Marshall Islands 77.1 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 76.2 • 5Burkina Faso 75.2 • DSolomon Islands 72.6 • ••Senegal 72.3 • 5Guinea-Bissau 70.9 • ••Mauritania 70.9 • 5Central African Republic 68.1 • ••Nigeria 64.1 • ••Niger 63.8 • DSyrian Arab Republic 63.2 • ••Djibouti 59.1 • DMali 56.9 • pSudan 55.4 • ••Equatorial Guinea 43.3 • pEritrea 42.4 • 5Liberia 37.7 • pSouth Sudan 32.1 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Austria NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••China NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo
NA • ••Gabon NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Libya NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••
27 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The average number of completed years of education of a country’s population, excluding years spent repeating individual grades.Source: UNESCO (2018) Year of reference: 2015
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities28
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of youth, aged between 15-24 years old, who can both read and write a short simple statement on everyday life with understanding.Source: UNESCO (2018) Year of reference: 2004–2016
Barbados NA • ••Belgium NA • ••Belize NA • ••Canada NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Denmark NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Finland NA • ••France NA • ••Germany NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Ireland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Japan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Netherlands NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Norway NA • ••Poland NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Slovenia NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sweden NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Kingdom NA • ••United States NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••
29 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the population, aged between 25-64 years old, who have completed tertiary education.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
PISA score (0-600)(OECD Member States)
Population age 25-64 with tertiary education (%)(OECD Member States)
National scores in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), an internationally standardised assessment that is administered to 15-year-olds in schools. It assesses how far students near the end of compulsory education have acquired some of the knowledge and skills that are essential for full participation in society. Country PISA scores for reading, mathematics and science were averaged to obtain an overall PISA score.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Indicator Value Rating Trend
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities30
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Percentage of variation in science performance explained by students’ socio-economic status.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Percentage of variation in science performance explained by students’ socio-economic status(OECD Member States)
Percentage of students with a performance in science below PISA Proficiency Level 2 (less than 409.54 score points).Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)
Students performing below level 2 in science (%)(OECD Member States)
31 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Percentage of students who are in the bottom quarter of the PISA index of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) in the country/economy of assessment and performs in the top quarter of students among all countries/economies, after accounting for socio-economic status.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities32
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of women of reproductive age, either married or in a union, who have an unmet need for family planning. Women with an unmet need are considered to be those who want to stop or delay childbearing but are not using any method of contraception.Source: UNDESA (2018) Year of reference: 2017
Estimated demand for contraception that is unmet (% women married or in union, ages 15-49)
33 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The number of years of schooling that a female child of school entrance age can expect to receive divided by the number of years of schooling a male child can expect to receive, assuming that prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout their life. The ratio was calculated as: mean years of schooling (female) / mean years of schooling (male).Source: UN Women (2015) Year of reference: 2011–2015
Ratio of female to male mean years of schooling of population age 25 and above
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities34
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The proportion of the female population aged 15 years and older that is economically active, divided by the same proportion for men. The ratio was calculated as: labour force particpation rate (female) / labour force participation (male).Source: ILO (2018) Year of reference: 2017
Ratio of female to male labour force participation rate
35 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The number of seats held by women in single or lower chambers of national parliaments, expressed as a percentage of all occupied seats. Seats refer to the number of parliamentary mandates, or the number of members of parliament.Source: IPU (2018) Year of reference: 2017
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities36
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The difference between male and female median wages of full-time employees and those self-employed, divided by the male median wage.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
Gender wage gap (% male median wage)(OECD Member States)
37 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the population using a safely managed drinking water service. A safely managed drinking water service is one where people use an “improved” source meeting three criteria: it is accessible on premises, water is available when needed, and the water supplied is free from contamination. Improved sources are those that have the potential to deliver safe water by nature of their design and construction.Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)
Population using safely managed water services (%)(High-income and OECD countries)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities38
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the population using at least a basic service; that is, drinking water from an improved source, provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip, including queuing. Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)
Population using at least basic drinking water services (%)(excludes high-income and OECD countries)
39 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the population using safely managed sanitation services. Safely managed sanitation services are “improved” sanitation facilities that are not shared with other households, and where the excreta produced should either be treated and disposed of in situ, stored temporarily and then emptied, transported and treated off-site, or transported through a sewer with wastewater and then treated off-site. Improved sanitation facilities are those designed to hygienically separate excreta from human contact.Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Population using safely managed sanitation services (%)(High-income and OECD countries)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities40
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the population using an at least basic sanitation service, that is, an improved sanitation facility that is not shared with other households. Source: JMP (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)
Population using at least basic sanitation services (%)(excludes high-income and OECD countries)
41 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities41
Total renewable freshwater withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins, divided by the total available renewable water resource. Withdrawals include both surface water withdrawal and groundwater withdrawal.Source: FAO (2018) Year of reference: 2014
Freshwater withdrawal as % total renewable water resources
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities42
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Imports of groundwater depletion embedded in international crop trade. Estimates are based on a combination of global, crop-specific estimates of non-renewable groundwater abstraction and international food trade data. This indicator was calculated by aggregating bilateral import data into an overall country score, and expressed per capita.Source: Dalin et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010
43 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the total population who has access to electricity.Source: SE4All (2018) Year of reference: 2014
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities44
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of total population primarily using clean cooking fuels and technologies for cooking. Under WHO guidelines, kerosene is excluded from clean cooking fuels.Source: SE4All (2018) Year of reference: 2014
Access to clean fuels & technology for cooking (% population)
45 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
A measure of the carbon intensity of energy production, calculated by dividing CO2 emissions from the combustion of fuel by electricity output. This indicator was calculated by dividing national data on ”Total CO2 emissions from fuel combustion for electricity and heat (MtCO2)” over ”Electricity output (TWh).”Source: IEA (2016) Year of reference: 2015
CO2 emissions from fuel combustion / electricity output (MtCO2/TWh)
Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Sierra Leone NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities46
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The share of renewable energy consumption in the total final energy consumption.Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption (%)(OECD Member States)
47 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The growth rate of GDP adjusted to income levels (where rich countries are expected to grow less) and expressed relative to the US growth performance. GDP is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy, plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products.Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2016
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities48
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Based on the Global Slavery Index (GSI), the score reflects a set of measures about the number of people in modern slavery, the steps governments are taking to respond to it, and the factors that make individuals vulnerable. It is calculated based on standardised surveys and Multiple Systems Estimation (MSE), and several indicators measuring vulnerability and government responses.Source: Walk Free Foundation (2017) Year of reference: 2016
Zimbabwe 50 • ••Afghanistan 0 • ••Cambodia 0 • ••Central African Republic 0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 0 • ••India 0 • ••Iraq 0 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 0 • ••Libya 0 • ••Mauritania 0 • ••Pakistan 0 • ••Qatar 0 • ••Somalia 0 • ••South Sudan 0 • ••Sudan 0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0 • ••Uzbekistan 0 • ••Yemen, Rep. 0 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
49 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of adults, 15 years and older, who report having an account (by themselves or with someone else) at a bank or another type of financial institution, or who have personally used a mobile money service within the past 12 months.Source: Demirguc-Kunt et al., 2018 Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)
Adults (15 years and older) with an account at a bank or other financial institution or with a mobile-money-service provider (%)
Madagascar 17.9 • 5Niger 15.5 • 5Sudan 15.3 • DAfghanistan 14.9 • 5Central African Republic 13.7 • ••Djibouti 12.3 • ••South Sudan 8.6 • ••Burundi 7.1 • pYemen, Rep. 6.4 • 5Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities50
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The share of the labour force that is without work but is available and actively seeking employment. The indicator reflects the inability of an economy to generate employment for those persons who want to work but are not doing so.Source: ILO (2018) Year of reference: 2017
Unemployment rate (% total labour force)(Non OECD Member States only)
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) 22.9 • D
Namibia 23.3 • DMozambique 25.0 • pBosnia and Herzegovina 25.6 • 5eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 26.4 • 5Lesotho 27.2 • DSouth Africa 27.7 • pAndorra NA • ••
Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••
51 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The ratio of the employed to the working age population. Employed people are those aged 15 or older who were in paid employment or self-employed during a specified period. The working age population refers to people aged 15 to 64.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2017
Employment-to-population ratio (%)(OECD Member States)
The percentage of young people who are not in employment, education or training (NEET). Education includes part-time or full-time education, but exclude those in non-formal education and in educational activities of very short duration. Employment is defined according to the ILO Guidelines and covers all those who have been in paid work for at least one hour in the reference week or were temporarily absent from such work.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
Youth not in employment, education or training (NEET) (%)(OECD Member States)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities52
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the total population who used the internet from any location in the last three months. Access could be via a fixed or mobile network.Source: ITU (2018) Year of reference: 2011–2016
53 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the total population who used the internet from any location in the last three months via a mobile network.Source: ITU (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
Mobile broadband subscriptions (per 100 inhabitants)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities54
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The qualitative assessment of a country’s infrastructure such as telephony, transport and energy. Based on survey respondents’ assessment of the general infrastructures on a scale from 1 (extremely underdeveloped) to 7 (extensive and efficient by international standards).Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2011–2017
Quality of overall infrastructure (1= extremely underdeveloped; 7= extensive and efficient by international standards)
Mauritania 1.5 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
55 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Survey-based average assessment of the quality of trade and transport related infrastructure, e.g. ports, roads, railroads and information technology, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 5 (best).Source: World Bank (2016) Year of reference: 2016
Logistics performance index: quality of trade and transport-related infrastructure (1=low to 5=high)
Bhutan 2.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 1.9 • ••Iraq 1.9 • ••Afghanistan 1.8 • ••Lao PDR 1.8 • ••Somalia 1.6 • ••Mauritania 1.5 • ••Equatorial Guinea 1.5 • ••Haiti 1.5 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 1.2 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo NA • ••Dominica NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Romania NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Sri Lanka NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities56
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The average score of the top three universities in each country that are listed in the global top 1,000 universities in the world, expressed as 0-100. For countries with fewer than three universities on the list, only the scores of the ranked universities were taken into account. Whenever a university score was missing in the Times Higher Education World University Ranking, the Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) University Ranking 2018 (Cornell et al., 2018) was used as a source when available.Source: Times Higher Education (2018) Year of reference: 2018
The Times Higher Education Universities Ranking, average score of top 3 universities (0-100)
57 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The number of scientific and technical journal articles published that are covered by the Science Citation Index (SCI) or the Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI). Articles are counted and assigned to a country based on the institutional address(es) listed in the article. The data are reported per capita.Source: National Science Foundation (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
Number of scientific and technical journal articles (per 1,000 population)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities58
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Gross domestic expenditure on scientific research and experimental development (R&D) expressed as a percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). We assumed zero R&D expenditure for low-income countries that did not report any data for this variable. Source: UNESCO (2018) Year of reference: 2002–2015
Sierra Leone 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••South Sudan 0.0 • ••Zimbabwe 0.0 • ••Andorra NA • ••Angola NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bangladesh NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Cameroon NA • ••Congo NA • ••Côte d'Ivoire NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••Venezuela, RB NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••
59 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The number of researchers per thousand employed people. Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, as well as in the management of the projects concerned.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2010–2016
Research and development researchers (per 1,000 employed)(OECD Member States)
Number of triadic patent families filed per million population. A triadic patent family is defined as a set of patents registered in various countries (i.e. patent offices) to protect the same invention. Triadic patent families are a set of patents filed at three of these major patent offices: the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Triadic patent families filed (per million population)(OECD Member States)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities60
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
The difference in the percentage of household internet access between top and bottom income quartiles.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2012 (or closest available)
Gap in internet access by income (%)(OECD Member States)
Estonia 50.3 • ••Italy 51.2 • ••Greece 52.1 • ••Slovak Republic 52.2 • ••Spain 54.7 • ••Poland 56.3 • ••Australia 57.0 • ••Slovenia 60.4 • ••Czech Republic 60.9 • ••Portugal 63.0 • ••Hungary 63.6 • ••France NA • ••Ireland NA • ••Latvia NA • ••Mexico NA • ••Turkey NA • ••United States NA • ••
Percentage of women tertiary graduates in natural sciences and engineering from total tertiary graduates in natural sciences and engineering.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015
Women in science and engineering (%)(OECD Member States)
New Zealand 26.7 • ••Norway 26.6 • ••Netherlands 26.1 • ••Belgium 26.0 • ••Germany 24.7 • ••Korea, Rep. 24.0 • ••Austria 23.4 • ••Ireland 23.4 • ••Finland 23.0 • ••Switzerland 21.6 • ••Luxembourg 18.3 • ••Chile 16.2 • ••Greece NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Israel NA • ••Italy NA • ••Japan NA • ••
61 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The Gini coefficient adjusted for top revenues unaccounted for in household surveys. This indicator takes the average of the unadjusted Gini and the adjusted Gini.Source: Chandy, L., Seidel B., 2017 Year of reference: 2003–2016
Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Myanmar NA • ••Nauru NA • ••New Zealand NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••Zambia NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities62
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
The share of all income received by the 10% people with highest disposable income divided by the share of all income received by the 40% people with the lowest disposable income.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
The ratio of the number of people of 66 years of age or more whose income falls below the poverty line; taken as half the median household income of the total population.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2015 (or closest available)
63 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Air pollution measured as the population-weighted mean annual concentration of PM2.5 for the urban population in a country. PM2.5 is suspended particles measuring less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter, which are capable of penetrating deep into the respiratory tract and can cause severe health damage.Source: Brauer et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2015
Annual mean concentration of particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns of diameter (PM2.5) in urban areas (μg/m3)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities64
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the urban population with access to improved drinking water piped on premises. An “improved” drinking-water source is one that, by the nature of its construction and when properly used, adequately protects the source from outside contamination, particularly fecal matter.Source: WHO and UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2007–2015
Improved water source, piped (% urban population with access)
65 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the surveyed population that responded “Yes” to the question “In the city or area where you live, are you satisfied or dissatisfied with the public transportation systems?”Source: Gallup (2018) Year of reference: 2011–2017
Burundi 33 • ••Sudan 33 • ••Angola 32 • ••Mauritania 31 • pVenezuela, RB 28 • pSierra Leone 27 • 5Gabon 26 • DLiberia 26 • DCentral African Republic 25 • pHaiti 21 • 5South Sudan 18 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 15 • pCuba 8 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
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Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Percentage of the population living in households where the total housing costs (‘net’ of housing allowances) represent more than 40 % of disposable income (‘net’ of housing allowances).Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2014
67 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The annual amount of waste collected by or on behalf of municipal authorities and disposed of through the waste management system, expressed in kilogram per capita. Waste from agriculture and from industries are not included.Source: World Bank (2012) Year of reference: 2012
Municipal solid waste (kg/year/capita)(Non OECD Member States)
Malaysia 1.5 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 1.6 • ••United Arab Emirates 1.7 • ••Georgia 1.7 • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines 1.7 • ••Thailand 1.8 • ••Malta 1.8 • ••Guatemala 2.0 • ••South Africa 2.0 • ••Cyprus 2.1 • ••Fiji 2.1 • ••Comoros 2.2 • ••Mauritius 2.3 • ••Maldives 2.5 • ••Grenada 2.7 • ••Belize 2.9 • ••Seychelles 3.0 • ••Bahamas, The 3.3 • ••Vanuatu 3.3 • ••Tonga 3.7 • ••Solomon Islands 4.3 • ••St. Lucia 4.4 • ••Barbados 4.8 • ••Sri Lanka 5.1 • ••Guyana 5.3 • ••St. Kitts and Nevis 5.5 • ••Antigua and Barbuda 5.5 • ••Kuwait 5.7 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Cambodia NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Guinea NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Liberia NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Moldova NA • ••
Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Ukraine NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••
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Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Waste from electrical and electronic equipment that is generated, expressed in kilos per capita. Estimated based on figures for domestic production, imports and exports of electronic products, as well as product lifespan data.Source: UNU-IAS (2015) Year of reference: 2014
69 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of collected, generated, or produced wastewater that is treated, normalized by the population connected to centralized wastewater treatment facilities. Scores were calculated by multiplying the wastewater treatment summary values, based on decadal averages, with the sewerage connection values to arrive at an overall total percentage of wastewater treated.Source: EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Percentage of anthropogenic wastewater that receives treatment (%)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities70
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
SO2 emissions associated with the production of goods and services, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. The health impacts of outdoor air pollution are felt locally as well as in neighbouring regions, due to transboundary atmospheric transport of the pollutants.Source: Zhang et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010
Russian Federation 39.7 • ••Peru 40.1 • ••Greece 45.3 • ••Chile 50.0 • ••Canada 55.9 • ••Israel 56.3 • ••South Africa 57.2 • ••Saudi Arabia 57.9 • ••Australia 65.4 • ••Estonia 68.3 • ••Bulgaria 98.2 • ••Kazakhstan 155.0 • ••Kuwait 176.3 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belize NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Iceland NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Lebanon NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Nauru NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Syrian Arab Republic NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Yemen, Rep. NA • ••
71 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Net imports of SO2 emissions associated with the trade in goods and services. These have severe health impacts and are a significant cause of premature mortality worldwide. Trade in goods mean that health impacts of air pollution occur far away from the point of consumption.Source: Zhang et al. (2017) Year of reference: 2010
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities72
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Reactive nitrogen emitted during the production of commodities, which are then either exported or consumed domestically. Reactive nitrogen corresponds to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment.Source: Oita et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2010
Luxembourg 139.8 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bangladesh NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Côte d'Ivoire NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Egypt NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Madagascar NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Morocco NA • ••Myanmar NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Tanzania NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••
73 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating
Net imports of reactive nitrogen emitted during the production of commodities. Reactive nitrogen corresponds here to emissions of ammonia, nitrogen oxides and nitrous oxide to the atmosphere, and of reactive nitrogen potentially exportable to water bodies, all of which can be harmful to human health and the environment.Source: Oita et al. (2016) Year of reference: 2010
Net imported emissions of reactive nitrogen (kg/capita)
Iceland 79.1 •Spain 81.2 •Lebanon 97.1 •Maldives 108.3 •France 122.4 •Slovenia 125.0 •Saudi Arabia 130.0 •Qatar 137.4 •Belgium 148.3 •Barbados 167.1 •Sweden 169.3 •Cyprus 170.5 •Italy 172.6 •Portugal 201.2 •Austria 203.5 •Germany 205.4 •Greece 215.0 •Netherlands 223.6 •Mauritius 226.0 •Malta 255.2 •Japan 259.9 •Norway 311.8 •Montenegro 329.3 •Israel 381.9 •Switzerland 432.4 •Kuwait 569.2 •Singapore 748.2 •Luxembourg 965.4 •Andorra NA •Antigua and Barbuda NA •Bahamas, The NA •Bangladesh NA •Belarus NA •Brunei Darussalam NA •Cabo Verde NA •Central African Republic NA •Chad NA •Comoros NA •Congo NA •Côte d'Ivoire NA •Democratic Republic of Congo NA •Dominica NA •Egypt NA •Equatorial Guinea NA •Ethiopia NA •Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA •Gambia NA •Ghana NA •
Grenada NA •Guinea-Bissau NA •Guyana NA •Iran, Islamic Rep. NA •Kiribati NA •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA •Korea, Rep. NA •Kyrgyz Republic NA •Lao PDR NA •Liechtenstein NA •Madagascar NA •Mali NA •Marshall Islands NA •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA •Monaco NA •Morocco NA •Myanmar NA •Nauru NA •Nigeria NA •Palau NA •Russian Federation NA •Samoa NA •San Marino NA •Serbia NA •Seychelles NA •Slovak Republic NA •Solomon Islands NA •South Sudan NA •St. Kitts and Nevis NA •St. Lucia NA •St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA •Sudan NA •Syrian Arab Republic NA •Tanzania NA •Timor-Leste NA •Tonga NA •Tuvalu NA •Uganda NA •United Arab Emirates NA •United Kingdom NA •United States NA •Venezuela, RB NA •Vietnam NA •Yemen, Rep. NA •Zimbabwe NA •
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities74
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The annual amounts of municipal solid waste (MSW), including household waste, that is not recycled, expressed in kilogram per capita. This indicator is calculated by multiplying ”Municipal Solid Waste (kg/year/capita)” by one minus the recycling rate.Source: World Bank (2012); OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2012
Non-recycled municipal solid waste (MSW in kg/person/year times recycling rate)
75 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Emissions of carbon dioxide per capita that arise from the consumption of energy. This includes emissions due to the consumption of petroleum, natural gas, coal, and also from natural gas flaring.Source: Oak Ridge National Labouratory (2018) Year of reference: 2016 (or closest available)
Energy-related CO2 emissions per capita (tCO2/capita)
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Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Imports of CO2 emissions embodied in goods, measured as technology-adjusted, consumption-based (TCBA) emissions minus production-based emissions. Technology-adjusted emissions data reflects the carbon efficiency of exporting sectors. If a country uses relatively CO2-intensive technologies in its export sector then it will have a higher TCBA than suggested by a simple carbon footprint.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Imported CO2 emissions, technology-adjusted (tCO2/capita)
77 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The index assesses global variations in vulnerability to climate change by gauging each country’s vulerability to three main potential impacts of global warming: increase in weather-related disasters, sea levels rise and loss of agricultural productivity.Source: HCSS (2015) Year of reference: 2017
Kenya 0.3 • ••Suriname 0.3 • ••Ethiopia 0.3 • ••Liberia 0.3 • ••Eritrea 0.3 • ••Djibouti 0.3 • ••China 0.3 • ••Central African Republic 0.3 • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) 0.4 • ••Cambodia 0.4 • ••Niger 0.4 • ••Malawi 0.4 • ••Guyana 0.4 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities78
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating
Kilograms of CO2 emissions per capita embodied in the exports of coal, gas and oil. Calculated using a 3 year average of fossil fuel exports and applying CO2 conversion factors to those fossil fuels. When export data for countries with little to no production of fossil fuels, we assumed a value of 0. Source: UN Comtrade (2018) Year of reference: 2016
CO2 emissions embodied in fossil fuel exports (kg/capita)
Azerbaijan 4722.4 •Congo 4830.5 •Netherlands 5754.7 •Myanmar 5903.0 •Colombia 6557.0 •Iraq 7731.4 •Venezuela, RB 8874.3 •Russian Federation 9157.6 •Angola 10066.3 •Oman 10232.6 •Canada 11423.5 •Bahrain 14582.7 •Mongolia 16845.2 •Kazakhstan 17305.5 •Trinidad and Tobago 18595.7 •Saudi Arabia 34478.9 •United Arab Emirates 42827.8 •Australia 43996.4 •Kuwait 50016.3 •Brunei Darussalam 81290.1 •Norway 81827.5 •Qatar 150584.3 •Afghanistan NA •Andorra NA •Chad NA •Cuba NA •Democratic Republic of Congo NA •Equatorial Guinea NA •Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM)
NA •Gabon NA •Iran, Islamic Rep. NA •Korea, Dem. Rep. NA •Libya NA •Liechtenstein NA •Marshall Islands NA •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA •Monaco NA •Palau NA •Papua New Guinea NA •San Marino NA •South Sudan NA •Syrian Arab Republic NA •Tajikistan NA •Timor-Leste NA •Turkmenistan NA •Tuvalu NA •Uzbekistan NA •
79 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Average effective carbon rates, the price of carbon emissions resulting from taxes and emissions trading systems, excluding CO2 emissions from biomass.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Effective carbon rate from all non-road energy, excluding emissions from biomass (€/tCO2)(OECD Member States)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities80
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The mean percentage area of marine Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of marine biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2017
Mean area that is protected in marine sites important to biodiversity (%)
China 18.8 • ••Chile 18.5 • ••Oman 15.1 • ••Iceland 14.0 • ••Lebanon 13.4 • ••Seychelles 13.1 • ••Guatemala 13.0 • ••Bahamas, The 10.0 • ••Qatar 10.0 • ••Solomon Islands 8.6 • ••Mauritius 7.1 • ••Marshall Islands 6.8 • ••Tonga 6.8 • ••Myanmar 6.6 • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. 5.1 • ••Trinidad and Tobago 4.8 • ••Turkey 4.6 • ••Vanuatu 4.4 • ••Papua New Guinea 3.6 • ••Singapore 3.3 • ••Angola 0.9 • ••Cabo Verde 0.2 • ••Barbados 0.0 • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.0 • ••Cambodia 0.0 • ••Djibouti 0.0 • ••Dominica 0.0 • ••Eritrea 0.0 • ••Haiti 0.0 • ••Iraq 0.0 • ••Libya 0.0 • ••Maldives 0.0 • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 0.0 • ••Montenegro 0.0 • ••Samoa 0.0 • ••Somalia 0.0 • ••Syrian Arab Republic 0.0 • ••Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Cameroon NA • ••
Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Côte d'Ivoire NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Georgia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Israel NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Thailand NA • ••Togo NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••
81 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The biodiversity subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures the degree of success in conserving species and habitats in marine life. Specifically, it looks at the risk of extinction as assessed by IUCN or GMAS and whether the size of marine habitats that support biodiversity has decreased since approximately 1980.Source: Ocean Health Index (2017) Year of reference: 2017
Afghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••
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Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The clean waters subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures to what degree marine waters under national jurisdictions have been contaminated by chemicals, excessive nutrients (euthropication), human pathogens or trash.Source: Ocean Health Index (2017) Year of reference: 2017
Slovenia 28.4 • pTogo 28.2 • pMonaco 24.5 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••
83 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The fisheries subgoal of the Ocean Health Index measures the sustainability of fishing activities. It is calculated based on the population biomass (the live weight of fish in the ocean) and compared to the biomass that can deliver the stock’s maximum sustainable yield, penalising overfishing and underfishing (with half the penalty of overfishing).Source: Ocean Health Index (2017) Year of reference: 2017
Singapore 17.2 • 5Mauritania 17.1 • pBarbados 14.3 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••
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Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of a country’s total catch, within its exclusive economic zone (EEZ), that is comprised of species that are overexploited or collapsed, weighted by the quality of fish catch data.Source: Sea around Us (2018) & EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2014
Percentage of fish stocks overexploited or collapsed by EEZ (%)
Papua New Guinea 56.9 •Germany 57.3 •Iceland 58.0 •Cuba 59.7 •Poland 59.9 •Algeria 65.2 •Cyprus 66.6 •Libya 67.1 •Portugal 70.5 •Japan 72.5 •Argentina 74.0 •Jamaica 74.0 •Italy 75.1 •Australia 75.4 •Venezuela, RB 79.6 •Turkey 79.7 •Micronesia, Fed. Sts. 92.3 •El Salvador 100.0 •Afghanistan NA •Albania NA •Andorra NA •Armenia NA •Austria NA •Azerbaijan NA •Bahrain NA •Belarus NA •Belgium NA •Belize NA •Benin NA •Bhutan NA •Bolivia NA •Bosnia and Herzegovina NA •Botswana NA •Brunei Darussalam NA •Bulgaria NA •Burkina Faso NA •Burundi NA •Cameroon NA •Central African Republic NA •Chad NA •Congo NA •Côte d'Ivoire NA •Czech Republic NA •Democratic Republic of Congo
NA •Djibouti NA •Dominica NA •eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA •Ethiopia NA •
Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA •Gambia NA •Georgia NA •Grenada NA •Hungary NA •Iraq NA •Israel NA •Jordan NA •Kazakhstan NA •Kuwait NA •Kyrgyz Republic NA •Lao PDR NA •Lebanon NA •Lesotho NA •Liechtenstein NA •Lithuania NA •Luxembourg NA •Malawi NA •Mali NA •Moldova NA •Monaco NA •Mongolia NA •Montenegro NA •Nepal NA •Niger NA •Paraguay NA •Qatar NA •Romania NA •Rwanda NA •San Marino NA •Serbia NA •Singapore NA •Slovak Republic NA •Slovenia NA •South Sudan NA •St. Kitts and Nevis NA •St. Lucia NA •St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA •Switzerland NA •Syrian Arab Republic NA •Tajikistan NA •Togo NA •Turkmenistan NA •Uganda NA •Uzbekistan NA •Zambia NA •Zimbabwe NA •
85 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of a country’s total fish catch, in tonnes, caught by trawling, a method of fishing in which industrial fishing vessels drag large nets (trawls) along the seabed.Source: Sea around Us (2018) Year of reference: 2014 (or closest available)
St. Vincent and the Grenadines 80.2 • ••Germany 80.6 • 5Ireland 85.9 • 5Albania 86.3 • pNamibia 88.1 • 5Slovenia 89.7 • ••Ukraine 90.0 • pDominica 92.1 • pMalta 93.6 • 5Belgium 97.1 • 5Netherlands 97.4 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Armenia NA • ••Austria NA • ••Azerbaijan NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Bhutan NA • ••Bolivia NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••Botswana NA • ••Burkina Faso NA • ••Burundi NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Chad NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Cyprus NA • ••Czech Republic NA • ••Democratic Republic of Congo
NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominican Republic NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Ethiopia NA • ••
Fiji NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Hungary NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kazakhstan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kyrgyz Republic NA • ••Lao PDR NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Luxembourg NA • ••Malawi NA • ••Mali NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Moldova NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Mongolia NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nepal NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Paraguay NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Rwanda NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••Serbia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Slovak Republic NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••Switzerland NA • ••Tajikistan NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uganda NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zambia NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities86
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The mean percentage area of terrestrial Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2017
Mean area that is protected in terrestrial sites important to biodiversity (%)
87 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The mean percentage area of freshwater Key Biodiversity Areas (sites that are important for the global persistence of biodiversity) that is covered by protected areas.Source: Birdlife International et al. (2018) Year of reference: 2017
Mean area that is protected in freshwater sites important to biodiversity (%)
Equatorial Guinea NA • ••eSwatini (fmr Swaziland) NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Ghana NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Guyana NA • ••Honduras NA • ••Jamaica NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Lesotho NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Malta NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritania NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Panama NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Qatar NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Senegal NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities88
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The change in aggregate extinction risk across groups of species. The index is based on genuine changes in the number of species in each category of extinction risk on The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.Source: IUCN and Birdlife International (2018) Year of reference: 2017
89 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Total area of tree loss from 2000 to 2016, in areas with a minimum of 30% canopy cover, benchmarked against the country’s tree cover baseline extent in 2000.Source: Global Forest Watch (2014) & EPI (2018) Year of reference: 2016
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities90
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The number of species threatened as a result of international trade expressed per 100,000 people.Source: Lenzen et al. (2012) Year of reference: 2015
Imported biodiversity threats (threats per million population)
NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••
91 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The number of intentional homicides per 100,000 people. Intentional homicides are estimates of unlawful homicides purposely inflicted as a result of domestic disputes, interpersonal violence, violent conflicts over land resources, intergang violence over turf or control, and predatory violence and killing by armed groups. Intentional homicide does not include all intentional killing; e.g. killing in armed conflict.Source: UNODC (2018) Year of reference: 2006–2015
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities92
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The prison population is composed of Persons Held in Prisons, Penal Institutions or Correctional Institutions. It refers to persons held on a specified day and it should exclude non-criminal prisoners held for administrative purposes.Source: UNODC (2018) Year of reference: 2004–2015
93 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of the surveyed population that responded “Yes” to the question “Do you feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where you live?”Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2009–2017
Proportion of the population who feel safe walking alone at night in the city or area where they live (%)
South Sudan 42.0 • ••Argentina 40.0 • pLiberia 40.0 • DMexico 40.0 • pDominican Republic 35.0 • pBotswana 34.0 • pSyrian Arab Republic 32.0 • pBrazil 31.0 • pSouth Africa 31.0 • 5Gabon 25.0 • pAfghanistan 20.0 • 5Venezuela, RB 17.0 • pAndorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Barbados NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Cabo Verde NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Gambia NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Timor-Leste NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities94
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Survey-based assessment of government efficiency, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 7 (best). The indicator reports respondents’ qualitative assessment of government efficiency, an aggregate measure based on respondents answers to several questions on the wastefulness of government spending: i.e. the burden of government regulation, the efficiency of the legal framework in settling disputes and challenging regulations, and the transparency of government policymaking.Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2012–2018
Greece 2.4 • pItaly 2.3 • pCroatia 2.3 • pVenezuela, RB 1.6 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
95 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Survey-based assessment of protection of property rights, on a scale from 1 (worst) to 7 (best). The indicator reports respondents’ qualitative assessment of government efficiency, an aggregate measure based on respondents answers to several questions on the protection of property rights and intellectual property rights protection.Source: Schwab and Sala-i-Martin (2018) Year of reference: 2012–2018
Libya 2.6 • pHaiti 2.5 • DAngola 2.4 • pVenezuela, RB 1.8 • pAfghanistan NA • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Belarus NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Congo NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Djibouti NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Niger NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines NA • ••Sudan NA • ••Togo NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities96
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of children under the age of five whose births are reported as being registered with the relevant national civil authorities.Source: UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Birth registrations with civil authority, children under 5 years of age (%)
Tuvalu 49.9 • ••Mozambique 47.9 • ••Zimbabwe 43.5 • ••Vanuatu 43.4 • ••Lesotho 43.3 • ••Afghanistan 42.3 • ••South Sudan 35.4 • ••Pakistan 33.6 • ••Yemen, Rep. 30.7 • ••Uganda 29.9 • ••Nigeria 29.8 • ••Tanzania 26.4 • ••Angola 25.0 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 24.6 • ••Liberia 24.6 • ••Guinea-Bissau 23.7 • ••Bangladesh 20.2 • ••Chad 12.0 • ••Zambia 11.3 • ••Somalia 3.0 • ••Ethiopia 2.7 • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bahrain NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Central African Republic NA • ••China NA • ••Croatia NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Korea, Rep. NA • ••Kuwait NA • ••Libya NA • ••Malaysia NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Oman NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Romania NA • ••Saudi Arabia NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Singapore NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
97 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The perceived levels of public sector corruption, on a scale from 0 (highest level of percieved corruption) to 100 (lowest level of percieved corruption). The CPI aggregates data from a number of different sources that provide perceptions of business people and country experts.Source: Transparency International (2018) Year of reference: 2017
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities98
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage of children, between the age of 5-14 years old, involved in child labour at the time of the survey. A child is considered to be involved in child labour under the following conditions: (a) children 5–11 years old who, during the reference week, did at least one hour of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores, or (b) children 12–14 years old who, during the reference week, did at least 14 hours of economic activity or at least 28 hours of household chores. We assumed 0% child labour for high-income countries for which no data was reported.Source: UNICEF (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Children 5–14 years old involved in child labour (%)
Central African Republic 28.5 • ••Rwanda 28.5 • ••Tanzania 28.8 • ••Afghanistan 29.4 • ••Niger 30.5 • ••Nepal 37.4 • ••Sierra Leone 37.4 • ••Mauritania 37.6 • ••Democratic Republic of Congo 38.4 • ••Burkina Faso 39.2 • ••Malawi 39.3 • ••Zambia 40.6 • ••Cameroon 47.0 • ••Solomon Islands 47.8 • ••Somalia 49.0 • ••Guinea-Bissau 51.1 • ••Chad 51.5 • ••Benin 52.5 • ••Mali 55.8 • ••Bulgaria NA • ••China NA • ••Cuba NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Malaysia NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Mauritius NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Namibia NA • ••Pakistan NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Russian Federation NA • ••Samoa NA • ••South Africa NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••Zimbabwe NA • ••
99 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The volume of major conventional weapons exported, expressed in constant 1990 US$ millions per 100 000 people. It is calculated based on the trend-indicator value, which is based on the known unit production cost of a core set of weapons, and does not reflect the financial value of the exports. Small arms, light weapons, ammunition and other support material are not included.Source: Stockholm Peace Research Institute (2018) Year of reference: 2016
Transfers of major conventional weapons (exports) (constant 1990 US$ million per 100,000 population)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities100
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Total general (local, regional and central) government expenditure on health and education (current, capital, and transfers), expressed as a percentage of GDP.Source: UNESCO (2018); WHO (2018g) Year of reference: 2006–2014
Democratic Republic of Congo 6.1 • ••Indonesia 6.1 • 5Gabon 6.1 • ••Kuwait 6.0 • ••Brunei Darussalam 6.0 • ••Zambia 6.0 • ••Qatar 5.8 • pSri Lanka 5.4 • 5Eritrea 5.4 • ••Monaco 5.4 • pLao PDR 5.2 • 5Pakistan 5.1 • pTurkmenistan 5.0 • ••Central African Republic 5.0 • ••Bangladesh 4.8 • pSouth Sudan 4.5 • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Bosnia and Herzegovina NA • ••China NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (FYROM) NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Haiti NA • ••Iraq NA • ••Jordan NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Montenegro NA • ••Myanmar NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Nigeria NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Somalia NA • ••Suriname NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Trinidad and Tobago NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••United Arab Emirates NA • ••Uzbekistan NA • ••
101 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The amount of official development assistance (ODA) as a share of the provider country’s gross national income (GNI), in US$ constant prices. It includes grants, “soft” loans (where the grant element is at least 25% of the total) and the provision of technical assistance, and excludes grants and loans for military purposes.Source: OECD (2018) Year of reference: 2017 (or closest available)
International concessional public finance, including official development assistance (% GNI)(For high-income and all OECD DAC countries)
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities102
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The percentage share of tax revenues in a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Tax revenues are seen as compulsory transfers to the central government for public purposes, excluding certain transfers such as fines, penalties and most social security contributions. Refunds and corrections of erroneously collected tax revenue are treated as negative revenue.Source: World Bank (2018) Year of reference: 2009–2016
103 SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
Ranking of countries’ contribution to global corporate tax avoidance and evasion, on a scale from 0 (best) to 5 (worst). Calculated by first identifying a set of tax havens from various credible bodies, and then assessing three key elements for corporate tax dodging; corporate tax rates, the tax incentives offered, and lack of cooperation with international efforts against tax avoidance. The scale and global significance of the tax avoidance structures were taken into account.Source: Oxfam (2016) Year of reference: 2016
China 1 • ••Barbados 2 • ••Belgium 2 • ••United States 2 • ••Singapore 3 • ••Switzerland 3 • ••Cyprus 4 • ••Ireland 4 • ••Luxembourg 4 • ••Netherlands 4 • ••Panama 4 • ••United Kingdom 5 • ••Andorra NA • ••Antigua and Barbuda NA • ••Bahamas, The NA • ••Brunei Darussalam NA • ••Comoros NA • ••Dominica NA • ••Equatorial Guinea NA • ••Eritrea NA • ••Fiji NA • ••Grenada NA • ••Guinea-Bissau NA • ••Kiribati NA • ••Korea, Dem. Rep. NA • ••Libya NA • ••Liechtenstein NA • ••Maldives NA • ••Marshall Islands NA • ••Micronesia, Fed. Sts. NA • ••Monaco NA • ••Nauru NA • ••Palau NA • ••Papua New Guinea NA • ••Samoa NA • ••San Marino NA • ••São Tomé and Principe NA • ••Seychelles NA • ••Solomon Islands NA • ••Somalia NA • ••South Sudan NA • ••St. Kitts and Nevis NA • ••St. Lucia NA • ••St. Vincent and the Grenadines
NA • ••Tonga NA • ••Turkmenistan NA • ••Tuvalu NA • ••Vanuatu NA • ••
SDG Index and Dashboards Report 2018 Global Responsibilities104
Detailed metadata and quantitative thresholds used for each indicator are available online at www.sdgindex.org Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified.
Indicator Value Rating Trend
The Index measures the contribution of each jurisdiction to financial secrecy, on a scale from 0 (best) to 100 (worst). It is calculated using qualitative data to prepare a secrecy score for each jurisdiction and quantitative data to create a global scale weighting for each jurisdiction according to its share of offshore financial services activity in the global total.Source: Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst) Year of reference: 2018
Financial Secrecy Score (best 0-100 worst)(OECD Member States)