Portugal mery evidence_1

NAME: MERY PORTUGALDATE: NOVEMBER 14TH 2014

SEMESTER: 9TH “B”PROFESSOR: DRA. MG. WILMA SUAREZ

GLOSSARY 1ST ELEMENT

UNIVERSIDAD TECNICA DE AMBATOFACULTAD DE CIENCIAS HUMANAS Y DE LA

EDUCACIONCARRERA DE IDIOMAS

AbbreviationA short form of a word or phrase, e.g. in addresses, Rd is an abbreviation of Road. See acronym, contraction.Phonemic script /əˌbriːviˈeɪʃən/ Example Abbreviations are used for long technical terms in scientific writingHow to teachI can tech abbreviations with handout in order to make learners to memorize them. since the only characteristic is that most abbreviations have a period at the end so it is kind of difficult to explain students word by word.Picture

Abstract .-adjectiveRelating to complex thoughts and ideas rather than simple, basic, concrete concepts. A text or language can be abstract, e.g. words to express thoughts, feelings or complex ideas, which cannot be seen or touched, are of abstract words.Phonemic script /ˈæbstrækt/Example An abstract is not, however, a simple summary of a document; neither is it a critique of a document.How to teachTo teach this word maybe i can use words related to good or bad feelingsPicture

Accuracy

The use of correct forms of grammar, vocabulary, spelling and pronunciation. In an accuracy activity, teachers and learners typically focus on using and producing language correctly.Phonemic script /ˈækjərəsi/Example Accuracy is often compared to fluency when we talk about a learner's level of speaking or writing.How to teachI will teach accuracy through role play exercise at the end of the course, to gather in the learning, and to assess how well the participants have understood the trainingPicture

AcknowledgeTo show that you have seen or understood something, e.g. the teacher acknowledged the learner’s answer with a gesture.Phonemic script /əkˈnɒlɪdʒ/Example When we acknowledge something we are accepting, admiting or recognizeing something, How to teach Iwould teach this term by testing students if they have understood or not something like for example the new grammar structure.Picture

Adverb

An adverb describes or gives more information about how, when, where, or to what degree etc something is done,e.g. he worked quickly and well.Phonemic script /ˈædvɜːb/Example An adverb is the one who modifies verbs, adjectives, or other adverbsHow to teachI would teach this term by probiding my students hand outs with a list of sentences that they have to ask questions like how, when, where occurs something related to the sentences provided.Picture

Affix verb, affixation noun

A meaningful group of letters added to the beginning or end of a word to make a new word, which can be a different part of speech from the original word, e.g. interview, interviewer. Affixation is the process of adding a prefix or suffix to a word. See prefix, suffix.Phonemic script /ˈæfɪks/Example An affix is added to the root of a word to change its meaning. How to teachOne of the best ways to teach prefixes is through vocabulary games so I would teach with a games.Picture

Coherence noun, coherent adjectiveWhen ideas in a spoken or written text fit together clearly and smoothly, and so are logical and make sense to the listener or reader.Phonemic script /kəʊˈhɪərənt/Example Coherence is the connection of ideas at the idea level.How to teachI would teach this term by making students to practise oral presentation so they must speak clearly.Picture

Cohesion noun, cohesive adjective

The way spoken or written texts are joined together with logical grammar or lexis, e.g. conjunctions (Firstly, secondly), lexical sets, referring words (it, them, this).Phonemic script /kəʊˈhiːʒən/Example Cohesion is the connection of ideas at the sentence level.How to teachCoherence Cohesion are terms that goes together so i would teach them with oral presentations and writingsPicture

Collocation noun, collocate verb,Words which are regularly used together. The relation between the words may be grammatical, for example when certain verbs/adjectives collocate with particular prepositions, e.g. depend on, good at or when a verb like make or do collocates with a noun, e.g. do the shopping, make a plan. Collocations may also be lexical when two content wordsare regularly used together, e.g. We went the wrong way NOT We went the incorrect way.Phonemic script /ˌkɒləˈkeɪʃən/Example A collocation is two or more words that often go together.How to teachI would teach collocation using columns and substitution tables because it is very helpful since students can have a model of own vocabulary notebooks.Picture

ConjunctionA conjunction (or connector) is used to connect words, phrases, clauses or sentences, e.g. I like tea but I don’t like coffee because it’s too strong for me.Phonemic script /kənˈdʒʌŋkʃən/Example Conjuction is a joiner, a word that connects parts of a sentence.How to teachI would teach conjunctions with the game that consists on having two students write a simple sentence simultaneously. Then, have your students think of as many conjunctions as they can that would correctly link these two sentences together. Picture

ContractionA shorter form of a group of words, which usually occurs in auxiliary verbs, e.g. you have = you’ve; it is = it’s.Phonemic script /kənˈtrækʃən/Example A  contraction  is a word or phrase  that has been shortened by dropping one or more letters in this case we use an apostrophe that takes the place of the missing lettersHow to teachI would teach contractions with to be verb, this is a perfect opportunity to teach them contractions because the grammar part is not so complicatedPicture

Edit verbTo shorten or change or correct the words or content of some parts of a written text to make it clearer or easier to understand. Phonemic script /ˈedɪt/Example When we edit something we are adding and deleting words that should be changedHow to teachI would teach editing with a piece of writing as we know it is one of the writing process.Picture

Elicit verbWhen a teacher thinks that some learners will know a piece of language or other information, s/he asks targeted questions or gives clues to get, or prompt learners to give the target language or information rather than simply providing it to the class her/himself.Phonemic script /ɪˈlɪsɪt/Example Elicit is to draw or bring out or forth something.How to teachI would teach this term by eliciting the rules for the structure of the first conditional for example and asking students to focus on some examples, then writing 'We make the first conditional in English with…?' on the board. Picture

Encourage .-verbWhen a teacher helps learners to succeed by giving them confidence, e.g. ‘Of course you can do it! You’re doing very well ’.Phonemic script /ɪnˈkʌrɪdʒ/Example Encourage is to animate somebody to do something. How to teachI will motivate my students every single day by saying ´´ you can do it´´ and many other positive motivations, in that way I would encourage them to be better that in the past.Picture

FeatureA feature of something is an interesting or important part or characteristic of it. Take, for example, the sentence I can play tennis. In connected speech, can is pronounced / kWn / – the weak form / W / is a feature of this sentence.Phonemic script /ˈfiːtʃər/Example Feature is a part of something that you notice because it seems important or interesting,How to teachI would teach features with a list of sentences that will be emphasized into the connected speech, they have to be very aware of the pronunciationPicture

Fluency Oral fluency – being able to speak using connected speech at a natural speed with little hesitation, repetition or self-correction. In spoken fluency activities, learners typically give attention to the communication of meaning, rather than trying to be correct.Phonemic script /ˈfluːənt/Example Fluency is the ability to express oneself easily and articulatelyHow to teachTo be fluent i considet that students need a lot of practice, that is why i will encorage them to have plenty of oral presentation.Picture

FunctionThe reason or purpose for communication, e.g. making a suggestion; giving advice.Phonemic script /ˈfʌŋkʃən/Example Function is the reason why people communicateHow to teachI would teach functions in this way, students are presented with the idea of a function. The input and output are connected with the function notation. Students explain why the output would never change for the same input. Picture

Hesitation noun, hesitate verb

A pause before or while doing or saying something. Learners often hesitate if they are trying to find the correct words to say, because they need more time to think.Phonemic script /ˌhezɪˈteɪʃən/Example Hesitation is a pause before saying words very slowly, it could happen because the speaker is nervous, embarrassed or worried because of somethingHow to teachI will teach students to avoid hesitation by providing them self confidence I think I will achieve this through positive motivationPicture

HomonymA word with the same spelling and pronunciation as another word, but which has a different meaning, e.g. bit (past tense of ‘bite’) and a bit (a little).Phonemic script /ˈhɑː.mə-/Example two words can be homonyms if they are pronounced or spelled the same way but have different meaningsHow to teachTo this term I would challenge my students to say a sentence that uses pairs or groups of homonyms, such as “I went to the store and bought two apples, too” or “I went there to meet their new puppy.” we can write different sentences to write down. Then I can switch roles and have my student writing sentences that I will say out loud.Picture

HomophoneA word which sounds the same as another word, but has a different meaning or spelling, e.g. I knew he had won; I bought a new book.Phonemic script /ˈhɒm.ə.fəʊn/ Example two words are homophones if they are pronounced the same way but differ in meaning or spelling or bothHow to teachFor this term we need to teach with posters of minimal pairs into the board in order to allow all students to see, read and repeat the minimal pairs.Picture

Idiom noun, idiomatic adjectiveA group of words that are used together, in which the meaning of the whole word group is different from the meaning of each individual word, e.g. She felt under the weather means that she felt ill.Phonemic script /ˈɪdiəm/Example An idiom is a word or phrase that is not taken literally from a languageHow to teachI will teach idioms with real examples that are expressed with idioms, that way students will learn by context not literally.Picture

Informal languageLanguage used in informal conversations or writing, e.g. Hi John. See formal language and registerPhonemic script /ɪnˈfɔːməl/ /ˈlæŋɡwɪdʒ/Example People uses informal language mostly with friends and relatives depending on the situationHow to teachI will teach this term by using contractions.Picture

Input noun + verbInformation which is given to learners by the teacher, e.g. through a text or via electronic means.Phonemic script /ˈɪnpʊt/Example input is what students receive fron the proffesor.How to teachI would teach the term input by the action of providing information in a text or by mail and letting them know this is inputPicture

Instruct verbTo order or tell someone to do something, e.g. Please turn to page 12 and do exercise 1.Phonemic script /ɪnˈstrʌkt/Example To instruct means to give instructions or directions for some taskHow to teachFor this termIwould give instructions but i have to explain my students that there are formal and informal instructions.Picture

Integrated skills

An integrated skills lesson combines work on more than one language skill. For example reading and then writing or

listening and speaking.Phonemic script /ˈɪntɪɡreɪt//skɪls/Example Integrated skills is the consolidation of speaking, listening, reading and writing.How to teachTo teach integrated skills I need to organize very well my schedule and assign for example one day for reading skill, second day for writing, third day for listening and the other day for speaking, that way I will have covered the four skillsPicture

IntensifierA word used to make the meaning of another word stronger, e.g. He’s much taller than his brother. I’m very tired.Phonemic script /ɪnˈten.sɪ.faɪ.ər/Example A n intensifier is a modifier that has little meaning except to intensify the meaning it modifiesHow to teach I will teach this term by using physical appereans, but without offending anyone.Picture

Intensive listening/readingOne meaning of intensive listening/reading is reading or listening to focus on how language is used in a text. This is how intensive listening/reading is used in TKT. See extensive listening/reading.Phonemic script ɪnˈtensɪv//ˈlɪs.ənɪŋ/ /ˈriː.dɪŋ/Example Intensive listening/reading involves learners listening and reading in detail with specific learning aims and tasksHow to teachI would provide my students lots of pieces of reading and have some listening class in order to encourage them to read and listen for specific information.Picture

InterferenceInterference happens when the learner’s mother tongue affects performance in the target language, especially in pronunciation, lexis or grammar. For example, a learner may make a grammatical mistake because they apply the same grammatical pattern as they use in their mother tongue to what they want to say in the target language, but the L1 grammatical pattern is not appropriate in L2.Phonemic script /ˌɪn.təˈfɪə.rəns/Example interference is the affection that causes the intervening in the affairs of other countriesHow to teachI would try to avoid this phenomenon by not translating words in class since I consider it is the main cause of interference because students get accustomed to have a translator instead of a teacher in the class

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Jigsaw listening/reading

A text is divided into two or more different parts. Learners listen to or read their part only, then share their information with other learners so that in the end everyone knows all the information. In this way, the text is made into an information-

gap activity.Phonemic script /ˈdʒɪɡ.sɔː/ /ˈlɪs.ənɪŋ/ /ˈriː.dɪŋ/Example In jigsaw listening /reading a large text is chunked in order to give students just different parts of the text.How to teachA good way to teach this is dividing a long text onto small parts and give the pieces to different students in order to join later the whole text.Picture

Layout The way in which a text is organised and presented on a page. Certain texts have special layouts, e.g. letters and newspaper articles.Phonemic script /ˈleɪ.aʊt/Example Layout is the different style that the esch texts have.How to teachI will teach this term by providing different styles of writings like for example formal and informal letters, magazines, newspapers articles, etc. Picture

Lexis (Also vocabulary)Individual words or sets of words, e.g. homework, study, whiteboard, get dressed, be on time.Phonemic script /ˈlek.sɪs/Example lexis is what a dictionary tries to contain.How to teachI will ask students to create their own English dictionary.

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Lexical set

A group of words or phrases that are about the same content topic or subject, e.g. weather – storm, to rain, wind, cloudy.Phonemic script /ˈlek.sɪ.kəl/ /set/ Example a lexical set is a group of words related to the same topic.How to teachTeaching a lexical set is going to be something essential because students will have the facility to have the learn vocabulary of an specific topic.Picture

Note-taking noun, take notes verbTo take notes means to listen and write down ideas from the text in short form.Phonemic script /nəʊt/ /teɪkɪŋ/Example when we take notes we just catch the most important ideas of a listenignHow to teachI will engage my students to take notes as much as they can because in the future it is something useful for them, this activity can be done by taking notes from TV programs of from a conversation of a friend.Picture

OutcomeResult. This is what the teacher hopes will be the result in terms of learning at the end of the lesson.Phonemic script /ˈaʊt.kʌm/ Example The outcomes are the teacher´s expectations after a lesson.How to teachIn order to have good results I would teach my students any grammatical structure and at the end apply them an evaluation in order to see if they have learnt or not.Picture

Paragraph noun + verbA paragraph is a section in a longer piece of writing such as an essay. It starts on a new line and usually contains a single new idea. When a writer is paragraphing, s/he is creating paragraphs. See topic sentence.Phonemic script /ˈpær.ə.ɡrɑːf/Example If sentences weren't organized into paragraphs, readers, would find it difficult to understand. How to teachI would like to teach this term with the introduction of a paragraph, the internal or supporting information finally with the conclusion.Picture

Paraphrase noun + verbTo say or write something that has been read or heard using different words. Paraphrase can also be used to describe what a learner does if s/he is not sure of the exact language they need to use, i.e. explain their meaning using different language.Phonemic script /ˈpær.ə.freɪz/Example Praphrasing iinvolves putting a passage from a source into your own words.How to teachI would teach this word by sharing any kind of information related to any topic, then ask students to keep the same message but using their own words.Picture

Part of speechA way of categorising words according to their grammatical function and meaning, e.g. noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, adverb, preposition, conjunction.Phonemic script /pɑːrt//əv//spiːtʃ/Example The parts of speech show us how the words relate to each other.How to teachI would teach this terms through a list of complete sentences, then ask learners to underline or circle each of the parts of speech like the noun, verb, adjective, pronoun, adverb, preposition and conjunction.Picture

Participation noun, participate verb. To take part in something, e.g. a lesson or classroom activity.Phonemic script /pɑːˌtɪs.ɪˈpeɪ.ʃən/Example Participate is to be involbed in something. How to teachI will motivate my students to participate in class providing confidence, i consider they need to get involved to the topic or talk about interesting topics for them so they will not be afraid of participate.

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PhonemeThe smallest sound unit which can make a difference to meaning e.g. /p/ in pan, /b/ in ban. Phonemes have their own symbols (phonemic symbols), each of which represents one sound. Words can be presented in phonemic script (usually International Phonetic Alphabet or IPA), e.g. / dÅktW /– doctor. Phonemic transcription is used in dictionaries to show pronunciation.Phonemic script /ˈfəʊ.niːm/ Example A phoneme is the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a languageHow to teachWhen we examine research-based programs for teaching phoneme identities, we ca use three effective activities:   a) A focus on a basic set of individual phonemes, one at a time.b) Activities designed to make each phoneme memorable. c) Practice finding each phoneme in spoken words.   Picture

Phonology noun, phonological adjectiveThe study of sounds in a language or languagesPhonemic script /fəˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/Example In phonology we learn how sounds are organized and used in natural languages.How to teachI would like to teach this term through activities like substituting different sounds for the first sound of a familiar song can help children develop phonological awareness, a cognitive substrate to reading acquisition. Becoming phonologically aware prepares children for later reading instruction, including instruction in phonics, word analysis, and spellingPicture

PhraseA group of words which are often a part of a sentence rather than the whole sentence, e.g. the green car, on Friday morning are phrases. Also a group of words that together have a particular meaning.Phonemic script /freɪz/Example Phrase contains words that stand together as a single unit.How to teachI would like to teach this term through polite phrases because these are important when learning a language. For anyone who has traveled, it is obvious that the phrases “please” and ”thank you” are some of the most useful things to learn in any language. In the classroom, I am totally sure that learning this phrases students will have the opportunity to use English outside of the classroom

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Prediction noun, predict verbA technique or learning strategy learners can use to help with listening or reading. Learners think about the topic before they read or listen. They try to imagine what the topic will be or what they are going to read about or listen to, using clues like headlines or pictures accompanying the text or their general knowledge about the text type or topic. This makes it easier for them to understand what they read or hear.Phonemic script /prɪˈdɪk.ʃən/Example Prediction is a statement about the way things will happen in the future.How to teachPrediction is a useful activity that students can do through the first step of the reading process since in this stage readers can look at the tittle or to the picture and predict what the reading is going to be aboutPicture

PrefixA prefix is a letter or group of letters added to the beginning of a word to make a new word, e.g. clear – unclear. Phonemic script /ˈpriː.fɪks/ Example The word prefix is itself made up of the stem fix that means "attach", in this case, and the prefix pre- which meaning "before",How to teachI would like to teach prefixes through this steps: students learn in a cooperative setting to identify, define, and construct words with prefixes. Students guess at initial meanings and spellings of words, correct misspellings using spelling strategies developed by their work groups, and use resources such as spell checkers and dictionaries to arrive at correct spellings and definitions. To help assess comprehension, students write sentences for each prefix group the class has worked on during the lesson.Picture

PrepositionA word used before a noun, pronoun or gerund to connect it to another word, e.g. He was in the garden.Phonemic script /ˌprep.əˈzɪʃ.ən/Example Prepositions can also be used to end sentences.How to teachI would like to teach prepositions throug an interesting activity. First, I will provide a passage from the text book (or another source) that includes a couple of prepositions. Ask the student to circle all of the prepositions they can find. In a group, make this a competition – the first person to find all of the prepositions, wins.

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ProcedureThe details of exactly what is going to happen in each stage of a lesson, e.g. learners practice the language of complaints in a role-play in pairs.Phonemic script /prəˈsiː.dʒər/Example when we fallow a procedure we have to do things step by step.How to teachProcedure is an important thing we have to do at any time, so i consider it is kind of easy to teach this term through an agenda on the bord ar ask students to write each of the activities we are going to do in a certain class.Picture

Process noun + verbTo actively think about new information in order to understand it completely and be able to use it in future.Phonemic script /ˈprəʊ.ses/ Example A process describe Who, What, Where, When, and Why an event happenHow to teachTo teach this term I will ask my students to do things step by step, using the connection words we have in English (fist, second, third, etc.)Picture

Process writingAn approach to writing, which thinks of writing as a process which includes different stages of writing such as planning, drafting, re-drafting, editing, proofreading. See guided writing and product writing.Phonemic script /ˈprəʊ.ses/ /ˈraɪ.tɪŋ/Example Progress writing demostrates the steps we have to follow in order to have a clear writingHow to teachFor this term I will ask my students to think about an interesting topic for them, then explain them the process writing. After that, ask them to write an essay but taking into accoun the process of writing (drafting, editing, proofreading and re-drafting)

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Product writing

An approach to writing which involves analyzing and then

reproducing models of particular text types.Phonemic script /ˈprɒd.ʌkt//ˈraɪ.tɪŋ/Example The product writing determines how well or bad has been the writngHow to teach to teach this term I will ask my students to read a text, the most important things are going to be highlighted by students. For example, if I provide them a formal letter, students' attention may be drawn to the importance of paragraphing and the language used to make formal requests, and students focus on where and how the writer employs these techniques.

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Repetition noun, repeat verbTo say something again, often for practice. This is often done in drills.Phonemic script /ˌrep.ɪˈtɪʃ.ən/Example Repetitions can help us to understand something in a better way.How to teachI would like to teach this term to my students through drilling with the use of flashcards. In the introduction, I would show students both the image and word sides of each flashcard. When I start drilling words for the first time, I ´d show students the word side of the flashcard so they can practice reading and pronouncing it. Later on, I ´d show them the image of the word I want them to pronounce

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Review noun + verb, revision noun, revise verbWhen a learner, often guided by the teacher, looks again at language that has already been taught in order to remember this language better. Teachers may choose to review vocabulary or grammatical structures in the classroom, for example, in order to help learners consolidate the language or to prepare for a test.Phonemic script /rɪˈvjuː/ Example review is the process of going over a subject again in order to fix it in our memory.How to teachTo do this activity i will have in mind that after any grammatical structure i teach them I will ask them to review this part again in order to fix something that is not clear into their minds.Picture

ScanTo read a text quickly to pick out specific information, e.g. finding a phone number in a phone book. See detail, gist, global understanding, skim.Phonemic script /skæn/Example when we scan a text we use this technique when we want to find specific information quickly.How to teachI will ask my students to read any piece of reading then ask them to look for especific information.

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SchwaThe / W / sound is called the schwa. It is a feature of many weak forms, e.g. / kWn / in I can play tennis.Phonemic script /ʃwɑː/Example the schwa sound is an important part of the English phonetic alphabet.How to teachTo teach this term I will I do not say "This is the schwa sound" because it could be confusing for a 5 year old child. I simply introduce it to him when I am using the phonogram flashcards that have the 'uh' sound. At this stage he does not need to know that this sound is called the 'schwa' sound - he just needs to know the sound it makes.Picture

SkillsThe four language skills are listening, speaking, reading and writing. See develop skills, subskills, receptive skills, productive skills.Phonemic script /skɪls/Example Skills are abilities acquired in life.How to teachTo teach this term i need to tell them there are four important skills students should develop reading, writing, speaking and listening. And they have to develop them in order to lear a languagePicture

SkimTo read a text quickly to get a general idea of what it is about. See detail, gist, global understanding.Phonemic script /skɪm/Example Skimming is one of the tools readers can use to read more in less time.How to teachI will ask my students to use this tool in order to looking only for the general or main ideas. With skimming, readers overall understanding is reduced because they don’t read everything. they read only what is important to their purposePicture

SubjectThis is the noun or phrase that goes before the verb to show who is doing the action in an active sentence, e.g. John plays tennis every Saturday, or who or what the action is done to in a passive sentence, e.g. The food was cooked yesterday. See object.Phonemic script /ˈsʌb.dʒekt/Example The subject matter of a conversation or discussion.How to teachTo teach this term I will focus on the aim which is to provide children with a clear purpose to all reading, and especially writing tasks. Whether it's an invitation to the head teacher to attend a class assembly, an email to an author or an article for a school newspaper, our children know why the quality of their writing matters: because there will be a real audience for their published work.Picture

SuffixA suffix is a letter or group of letters added at the end of a word to make a new word, e.g. good – goodness. Phonemic script ˈsʌf.ɪks/Example A Suffix is a word ending that add a certain meaning to the word.How to teachTo teach this term I will apply the Suffix Pencil Anchor Chart - I think I would have the pencil facing the other way and have prefix as the point.

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Summary noun, summarise verbTo take out the main points of a long text, and rewrite or retell them in a short, clear way.Phonemic script /ˈsʌm.ər.i/Example A summary is a brief statement that presents the main points in a topic.How to teachTo teach summary I need to introduce a topic and ask my students to say what they have understood but in synthesis. Picture

SynonymA word which has the same, or nearly the same, meaning as another word, e.g. nice is a synonym of pleasant.Phonemic script /ˈsɪn.ə.nɪm/Example a synonym is a word or expression with another name but with the same meaning.How to teachTo teach synonyms I need to mention a words and ask students to say the same meaning using another word.Picture

TaskAn activity that learners complete. For example, problem-solving activities or information-gap activities are tasks. A task usually focuses on communication. Task may also be used as another word for activity. See Task-based Learning (TBL).Phonemic script /tɑːsk/ Example A task is an activity that is decigned by someone to sombody.How to teachI will teach this word by dictating a normal speaking speed, and I will not repeat anything. I will tell students to write what they hear, even if it's only one word. Then read out some sentences or questions including language recently studied in class.Picture

Topic

The subject of a text or lesson.Phonemic script /ˈtɒp.ɪk/Example A topic is considered as theme.How to teachI will help students to understand what is a topic by saying them that we are going to talk about something and the general idea could be consider as topic

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Topic sentenceA sentence that gives the main point or subject of a paragraph. This is usually the opening sentence in a paragraph.Phonemic script /ˈtɒp.ɪk/ Example With the topic sentence we can understand the complete idea of the text .How to teachTo teach this word my students should know that the sentence that is at the top of the reading is consider as the topic sentence because it is what the reading is going to be aboutPicture

Utterance

A complete unit of speech in spoken language. An utterance can be shorter than a sentence, e.g. A: When’s he coming? B: Tomorrow. ‘Tomorrow’ is an utterance here.Phonemic script /ˈʌt.ər.əns/Example An utterance is a bit of spoken language.How to teachTo teach this term my studentsa should know that utterances is what little babies do when they are learning to speak,.Picture

VowelA sound in which the air is not blocked by the tongue, lips, teeth etc. Movement or vibration is felt in the throat because the voice is used. The letters a, e, i, o, u and sometimes y are used to represent these sounds.Phonemic script /vaʊəl/Example A vowel is a speech sound made with the vocal tract open.How to teachTo this term I will apply this technique called listen and repeat. Yi will say the target sound and have my students repeat it after mePicture

Word familyA group of words that come from the same root or base word, e.g. economy, economist, economic. See root word, base word.Phonemic script /wɜːd/ /ˈfæm.əl.i/Example A group of word that share a common base, to which different prefixes and suffixes are used.How to teachI will ask my students to create a word family chart with the whole class or a small group builds phonemic awareness, a key to success in reading. Students will see how words look alike at the end if they sound alike at the end — a valuable discovery about our alphabetic writing system. They'll also see that one little chunk (in this case "-an") can unlock lots of words.Picture