Pollution Prevention Smart Growth through. Presentation Layout Problems Causes of sprawl Indicators of Sprawl Pollution created by sprawl One Solutions.

Pollution Prevention

Smart Growth

through

Presentation Layout

Problems• Causes of sprawl

• Indicators of Sprawl

• Pollution created by

sprawl

One Solutions

• Smart Growth– redevelop brownfields

– Urban infill

• Case study– Curitiba, Brazil

Some definitions

• Sustainability

– Addresses and accounts for the impact our

actions have, trying to leave the smallest

possible footprint

– If negative impact occurs or is inevitable,

take actions to abate impact.

• Sprawl– Low density urban growth– Car Dependant

• Brownfield– Abandoned, idled, or under-used industrial and

commercial facilities where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination

Some definitions

Causes of Sprawl* Political

Prop. 13

* Economical Services and utilities are subsidized in suburbs

* Social Paradigm that ex-urban is good

* Regulatory Easier and cheaper permits

Indicators of Sprawl

• Density of urban population decrease

• Increase of farmland into urban area

• Increase in the number of miles driven

• increase in the number of cars to population is

disproportional

Sprawl contributes to water pollution

Increases in

Impervious areas Storm-water runoff

Fostering

»erosion

» flood risk

»contaminant load to receiving water

»groundwater table decline

Sprawl contributes to air pollution

Sprawl contribution to air pollution

• Sprawl promotes extensive use of car

• Car traffic is a major source of air pollution CO, CO2, NOx O3

One Option: ‘Smart Growth’

• Urban Design to support

– High population densities

– Redevelop idle lands

Brownfields

– Develop idle lands within urban setting

Infill

Smart Growth

Depends on

– Regulatory backbone that prevents sprawl

– Mix-use zoning of lands

– The development of alternative transport infrastructure

– Inclusion of recreational facilities within urban areas

Urban Revitalization

Urban revitalization

– Brings ‘new’ life to urban center

– Redevelop idle areas

• Infill and Brownfields

Case Study

CURITIBA

BRASIL

A bit of Curitiba’s History

• 1964, group of Architects point out to the mayor the pressure that rapid growth is having

• 1971 Jaime Lerner is appointed Mayor and starts to take the plan into action– Flood problem– Parks clean– Pedestrian downtown– Efficient Public Transport

A Bit of Curitiba’s History

• Today– Trash Recycling –organic / inorganic

– Recycled materials are sold to local industries

– 2 / 3 of the trash is recycled

Curitiba transport @ a glance

• Between1950 and 1990 population increase 7 fold

• 1964 ‘Master plan’ for urban design is presented

• 1974 institute ‘Urbanization of Curitiba’ is established

• 1980 integrated transportation network is created: single fare

• 1991 ‘Speedy Bus’ and ‘Boarding tubes’ are created

• 1992 ‘Bi-articulated buses’ start operating

•

D’ Bus Service

D’ Bus Service• Efficient and Reliable

– Arteries designed for bus preference – 65% of the municipalities are covered – Five ‘types’ of buses

• Savings – Less time commuting– Curitiba uses 30 % less fossil fuels than comparable city– little traffic congestion

references• http://www.sierraclub.org/sprawl/report00/intro.asp

• http://www.alternatives.com/library/env/envtrans/ww200025.txt

• http://www.globalideasbank.org/BI/BI-262.HTML

• http://solstice.crest.org/sustainable/curitiba/part1.html

• http://www.sage-rsa.org.uk/studies/curitiba_jul.html