Water Quality Indicators & Water Pollution EPA - Environmental Protection Agency ➢ _______________ agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment ➢ Helps enforce water quality standards Potable Water ➢ Water that is considered ____________ to drink = potable water ➢ Not all water is considered "potable," and we have to ____________ the quality of our water to make sure it is safe for us to drink. ➢ We use many _________ to make sure our water is "potable" or safe to drink pH test ➢ 3. pH - measures how ___________ or __________the water is ➢ 7.0 is ___________ ● less than 7= ______________ ● higher than 7= ______________ ● pure water has a value of 7 on the pH scale ➢ Acid rain major source of the problem Temperature Temperature: average amount of _______ in water ___________ due to seasons or location (higher elevations have cooler water) _____________water is better because it holds more ___________. Turbidity Turbidity- ______________ of water Affected by sediment, excessive algae growth and storms. _____________ water is _________. In surface bodies of water, high turbidity can lead to increased water temperatures and low dissolved oxygen, which are not good for the health of aquatic organisms.
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Water Quality Indicators & Water Pollution
EPA - Environmental Protection Agency
➢ _______________ agency responsible for protecting human health and the environment
➢ Helps enforce water quality standards
Potable Water➢ Water that is considered
____________ to drink = potable water
➢ Not all water is considered "potable," and we have to ____________ the quality of our water to make sure it is safe for us to drink.
➢ We use many _________ to make sure our water is "potable" or safe to drink
pH test➢ 3. pH - measures how
___________ or __________the water is
➢ 7.0 is ___________● less than 7=
______________● higher than 7=
______________● pure water has a value of 7
on the pH scale➢ Acid rain major source of
the problem
Temperature
Temperature: average amount of _______ in water
___________ due to seasons or location (higher elevations have cooler water)
_____________water is better because it holds more ___________.
Turbidity
Turbidity- ______________ of waterAffected by sediment, excessive algae
growth and storms._____________ water is _________.In surface bodies of water, high turbidity can
lead to increased water temperatures and low dissolved oxygen, which are not good for the health of aquatic organisms.
Chlorine
➢ Water can come from a variety of sources, such as lakes and wells, that can be contaminated with ___________ which can make people sick.
➢ Germs can also contaminate water as it travels through miles of piping to get to a community. To prevent this, water companies add a disinfectant that kills germs.
➢ The most commonly added disinfectants are ______________ and monochloramine.
Copper
Copper occurs in drinking water primarily due to its use in ______________ materials and the corrosion of copper pipes. As with lead, all water is ______________ toward copper to some degree, even water termed non-corrosive or water that is treated to make it less corrosive.
➢ The maximum contaminate goal for drinking water for copper is 1.3 ppm. (limit for safe drinking water)
Hardness
➢ Hard water is water that contains dissolved substances called _____________. These minerals contain the elements calcium or magnesium.
Hard water is ________ a health risk but is a nuisance because of mineral buildup on plumbing fixtures’ and poor soap and or detergent performance.
Phosphates/Nitrates
➢ 4. Phosphates and nitrates- come from _____________ and animal __________
➢ Causes ____________ blooms which depletes the oxygen which kills the fish
Nitrates/ nitrites continued
➢ The drinking water standard for nitrate-N is 10 ppm, or one hundredth of a gram in one liter of water. The nitrite-N standard is 1 ppm. These standards only regulate public water supplies, but the health risks are the same for private well owners.
Nitrates/ Nitrites
➢ Nitrates are essential _________ nutrients, but in excess amounts they can cause significant water quality problems.
➢ Sources of nitrates include wastewater treatment plants, runoff from _____________lawns and ____________, failing on-site septic systems, runoff from animal manure storage areas, and industrial discharges that contain corrosion inhibitors.
Bioindicators➢ The presence, condition, and
numbers of fish, insects (____________________), algae, plants, and other aquatic life provide accurate info about the health of freshwater
➢ _________= large / invertebrate= without a backbone
● macroinvertibrates= organisms without a backbone that are large enough to be seen without microscope
➢ Good water quality = lots of ________________
➢ Poor water quality= ___________ biodiversity
Types of water pollution➢ Point Source
● Pollution flowing from a ____________ and identifiable source such as a discharge __________ from a factory, roadway, or leaking undergroud storage tank
➢ Non-Point Source● Pollution collected by
__________ falling over a larger watershed which is then carried by runoff to a nearby lake or stream, or by infiltration into the groundwater
Point Source Pollution➢ Hazardous and ___________ materials from
manufacturing and industry discharged directly into water - usually through a ___________ or a leaky underground tank
● __________ and gasoline● solvents● toxins and poisons● heavy ____________ (arsenic, lead, mercury, etc.)● _______________ pollution - heated water caused dissolved
oxygen (DO) content in a body of water to decrease - can result in fish kills
➢ Point source pollution became addressed by the ________ Water ______ of 1972
Non-Point Source Pollution➢ ___________ to figure out exactly where it's
coming from ➢ Pollutants collected by _____________ falling
over a large watershed and carried directly into a river, lake, or stream
➢ Gas, oil, chemicals, detergents, and other pollutants collected off of driveways, roads, and city streets flow directly down _____________ and storm sewers into a nearby body of water untreated
Non-Point Source Pollution (continued)
➢ Modern ______________ is a major source of non-point source pollution
● _______________ (bug killers) and ______________ (weed killers) can wash into nearby lakes and rivers
● Crop fields, especially after harvest, can wash large amounts of dirt and sediment into nearby likes and rivers
● Animal waste and _____________ can be a source of nutrients and harmful bacteria
● Fertilizer can be a source of nutrients, such as ______________ and phosphorus, entering nearby lakes and rivers leading to the serious problem of eutrophication (can make algae grow too much and water loses oxygen = death of fish)