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References
• Bannister, Lawrence H; and Sherman, Irwin W . 2009. Plasmodium. In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0001970.pub2
• William E. Collins and Geoffrey M. Jeffery. 2007.Plasmodium malariae: Parasite and Disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.2007; 20: 579 - 592.
• Parasitology Diagnostic Web Site. "Parasites and Health - Malaria." Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern. Center for Disease Control (CDC), 20 July 2009. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.
Classification
Domain: EukaryaKingdom: ProtistaPhylum: ApicomplexaClass: AconoidasidaOrder: HaemosporidaFamily: PlasmodiidaeGenus: PlasmodiumSpecies: malariae
Source: Bannister, Lawrence H; and Sherman, Irwin W . 2009. Plasmodium. In:
Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS). John Wiley & Sons, Ltd: Chichester. DOI: 10.1002/9780470015902.a0001970.pub2
Plasmodium malariae
• Recognized since 2000 years ago• Discovered by Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
(1880)• 500 million people will be infected with
malaria worldwide• one of the least studied of the six species that
infect humans• widely found in sub-Saharan Africa, southeast
Asia, and islands in the western PacificSource: William E. Collins and Geoffrey M. Jeffery. 2007.Plasmodium malariae: Parasite
and Disease. Clin. Microbiol. Rev.2007; 20: 579 - 592.
Vector
• Female Anopheles Mosquito
Erythrocytic stages of Plasmodium malariae (Collins and Jeffery,2007)
• 1, normal red cell• 2 to 5, young trophozoites• 6 to 11, growing trophozoites• 12 and 13, nearly mature
and mature trophozoites, respectively
• 14 to 20, developing schizont• 21 and 22, mature schizonts• 23, developing gametocyte• 24, mature
macrogametocyte• 25, mature
microgametocyte.
Development of oocysts of Plasmodium malariae in Anopheles mosquitoes.
Life Cycle
Clinical presentation in humans
Plasmodium malariae
• causes malaria• causes a chronic infection that in some cases can last
a lifetime• maximum parasite counts are usually low• fever manifestations of the parasite are more
moderate and in quartan periodicity• the presence of edema and the nephrotic syndrome
• may cause structural glomerular damage and that renal disease may also occur
• low morbidity rate
Source:Parasitology Diagnostic Web Site. "Parasites and Health - Malaria." Laboratory Identification of Parasites of Public Health Concern. Center for Disease Control (CDC), 20 July 2009. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.
Prevention strategies
• chloroquine is most commonly used for treatment
• effective drug treatments can be developed by targeting the proteolytic enzymes of the food vacuole
• Dr. William Collins states that very few studies are conducted with this parasite, perhaps as a result of its perceived low morbidity and prevalence.
Source:Parasitology Diagnostic Web Site. "Parasites and Health - Malaria." Laboratory Identification of
Parasites of Public Health Concern. Center for Disease Control (CDC), 20 July 2009. Web. 28 Nov. 2015.
END
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