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F. Plasmodium Malariae

Jun 04, 2018

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    http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pf2bb.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pf2bb.htm
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    Scientifik classification Kingdom :Protista

    Phylum :Apicomplexa Class :AconoidasidaOrder :HaemosporidaFamily :PlasmodiidaeGenus : Plasmodium

    Species : P. m alariae

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    Disease

    Quartan m alaria (m alariae m alaria )

    fever chills flu-like

    symptoms

    fever, quartan (every third day) headache muscle pain

    anemia fatigue kidney failure

    nephrotic syndrome

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    Identification

    Species identification is possible on the basisof the appearance of parasites of each of thefour malaria species.Shape and size of asexual parasites and ofmacro- and microgametocytes, developmentalstages in peripheral blood, modifications ofinfected erythrocytes, presence of dots or clefts onthe red blood cells are the main differentialcharacteristics

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    Morphology P.malariae

    a.Trophozoites are usually small rings with a singledot of chromatin or have a compact, regularcytoplasm that seems to contain the nucleus.The pigment in late trophozoites is scattered.

    b. Trophozoites may assume a band form typical ofthe species. Red blood cells are not enlarged orrather smaller than normal.Multiple infection is rare. The parasitemia isusually low. No dots or clefts.

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    c. Schizonts are small and with a low number of merozoites(

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    Picture of P.malariae

    (a) pm1-ic pm2-ic (b)

    pm5-ic pmthin-ic P_malariae2-ic (c) pmM-ic

    (c) (d) pm6-ic pm4-ic P_malariae1

    http://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/P_malariae1.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm4.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/P_malariae1.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm4.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm6.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pmM.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/p_malariae2.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pmthin.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm5.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pmM.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/p_malariae2.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pmthin.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm5.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm2.htmhttp://www.cdfound.to.it/HTML/pm1.htm
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    Life cycle

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    Immunology Spesific immune response have cellular

    immunity by T limfosit and humoral immunity byB limfosit .

    T Limfosit differences to T limfosit helper (CD4+) and cytotoxic (CD8+)

    From the product of cytokin made differencesbecome

    subset Th-1 (output IFN- and TNF-) subset Th-2 (output IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL10 )

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    Immunology The cytokin characterized activated

    humoral immunity.CD4+ have function asregulator by helping production antibodyand other phagocyt activity and CD8+have function as the direct effector forparasit phagocytosis and blocking parasit

    growth with the IFN- product.

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    Diagnostic Factors

    Blood smear DNA probe Immunoassay

    Morphology in RBC

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    DIAGNOSIS P. Malariae diagnosis relies mainly on observation of

    parasites in Giemsa-stained thin or thick smears (G-TS). Alternative techniques for identification of malariaparasites are based on fluorochromes such as AcridineOrange (AO), DAPI-PI or BCP.With these dyes malaria parasites are easily recognizedunder UV light, reducing the time spent reading theslides.

    Another method, based on fluorochromes, thequantitative buffy coat (QBC) .(Becton-Dickinson)

    analysis wich uses AO staining of centrifuged parasitesin a capillary tube containing a float, has been shown tobe rapid and accurate.

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    Treatment and Prevention

    mosquitocontrol mosquitorepellants chloroquine

    Intra-venous antibiotic therapy withampicillin and cefotaxime .

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    Epidemiology Congenitally acquired malaria is rare in the United

    States;

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    Daftar pustaka http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/index.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasmodium_malariae http://medinfo.ufl.edu/year2/mmid/index.html

    http://www.kalbefarma.com.html http://www.ratsteachmicro.com http:// www.sanger.ac.uk http:// www.humanillnesses.com