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National Institute of Plant Health ManagementN I P H M
Department of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Government of
Indiahttp://niphm.gov.in
Website: http://niphm.gov.in
(V. Usha Rani, IAS)Director General
Plant HealthPlant Health News LetterNews LetterPlant Health News
LetterVolume: 6 July September 2016 Issue: 3
From the Director General's Desk
1
IN THIS ISSUE
Theme Article Page 2-5
Boosting the crop yield
through Bee pollinators
Special Event Page 6-7
Workshop on advances in
urban pest management
Participation in Farmers
Fare & Exhibition at
Mathura (UP)
Setting up of Bio-fertilizers
Training cum Production
Unit at NIPHM
Inauguration of PGDPHM th6 Batch (2016-17)
Implementation of District
Pest Management plan
(DPMP) at Warangal
Impact of Indiscriminate
Use of Chemical Fertilizers
and Pesticides
Capacity Building Page 8-13
Plant Bio-security
Plant Health Management
Pesticide Management
Plant Health Engineering
Vertebrate & Urban Pest
Management
NIPHM Activities Page 14
Transfer of NIPHM
technologies from lab to the
field
Rodent damages in cocoa
plantations in West
Godavari District
NIPHM Activities Page 15-16
Live Streaming of NIPHM
Low Cost Technologies
Celebration of Hindi Diwas
It is esmated that by 2050 the world p o p u l a o n w i l l i n
c r e a s e b y approximately 30 percent to 9.1 billion people,
which will invariably increase the demand on global food supply.
There are many feasible methods through which we can achieve
sustainable Agriculture producon while maintaining and encourag ing
the b iod ivers i ty o f ecosystem. According to the UN's Food and
Agriculture Organizaon, 90% of the world's food supply comes from
about
100 crop species, and 71 of those crops (especially fruits and
vegetables) rely on bees for pollinaon. The total annual economic
value of crop pollinaon worldwide is esmated to be about 153
billion. Most of the plants are pollinated in whole or parally by
honey bees and by the other crop's natural pollinators, like bumble
bees, orchard bees, squash bees, solitary bees etc. Without these
pollinators, farmers and consumers would be at a greater risk and
loss. The crops mostly dependent on bee pollinaon include fruits
and vegetable crops, spices, plantaon crops, pulses, vegetables
etc.
In western countries, rental of honey bee colonies for pollinaon
purpose is being widely pracced and is considered as the most
viable component of commercial agriculture. Honey bees and other
pollinators are now under threat worldwide for a number of reasons.
The main reasons for global beesdecline are industrial agriculture,
parasites/pathogens, loss of biodiversity, destrucon of habitat and
lack of forage due to monocultures and use of chemical inseccides.
It is becoming increasingly evident that some inseccides, at
concentraons applied rounely in the current chemicalintensive
agriculture system, exert lethal effects on bee populaon. So it is
important to make efforts to monitor the populaons of various bee
species vising the plants and their role as pollinators in relaon
to increasing the agricultural producon. The Government should also
take iniave measures to save our naon from bee exncon and provide
technical and financial assistance on bee keeping and bee
conservaon measures to increase the crop producvity.
Mrs. V. Usha Rani, IASDirector General
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Plant Health News Letter
Theme Article: Boosting the crop yield through Bee pollinators
Dr. K. Vijaya lakshmi, Director & Dr. Jyothi Sara Jacob, SO
July September 2016
2
Intensification and diversification of agricultural crops are
the present pressing needs for the sustenance of Indian agriculture
for meeting the demands of the growing population. Many plants
depend on insects for transfer of pollen between flowers.
Pollination is therefore considered as an essential ecosystem
service for maintaining the biodiversity and functioning of other
vital ecosystem services.
Which insects pollinate crops?
Numerous studies revealed members of insects belonging to
Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, and ants), Coleoptera (beetles),
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and Diptera (flies) as the
important pollinators. Among them, the Hymenopterans, especially
the bees, are the most effective pollinators of crops and various
other flowering plants, accounting for pollination in about 70% of
the world's cultivated crops.
Among the bees, most of the plants are pollinated in whole or
part by honeybees and by the other crop's natural pollinators, like
bumble bees, orchard bees, squash bees, sweat bees etc.
Why are bees important?
Bees are responsible for one out of every three bites of food we
eat. Most crops grown for their fruits (including vegetables such
as squash, cucumber, tomato and egg plant), nuts, seeds, fibre
(such as cotton), and hay (alfalfa grown to feed livestock),
require pollination by insects. Pollinating insects also play a
critical role in maintaining natural plant communities and ensuring
production of seeds in most flowering plants.
Bee pollination results in
Increased yield in terms of fruit and seed and yield in many
crops
Improved quality of fruits and seeds
Increased oil content in oilseed crops
Bee pollination is a must for cross pollinated crops
The value of bees for crop pollination
The total economic value of crop pollination done by bees
worldwide has been estimated at 156 billion annually (Gallai et
al., 2009). The value of bee pollination in Western Europe is
estimated to be 3050 times the value of honey and wax. In Africa,
bee pollination is sometimes estimated to be 100 times the value of
the honey harvest, depending on the type of crop.
Bees are good pollinators
Many species of insects visit flowers to seek nectar or pollen;
while doing so most will transfer a few pollen grains, thus
contributing to pollination. Most of the pulses and oilseeds,
fruits and orchard crops including vegetables heavily depend on
bees for their pollination.
Honeybees are highly efficient pollinating insects, because:
They have hairy bodies which easily pick up thousands of pollen
grian as they move about inside flowers.
They visit only one species during each foraging trip and thus
ensuring maximum pollination to each species.
Each foraging bee not only collects sufficient food for its own
requirements, but continuously forages for nectar and pollen to
supply the daily food needs of the colony.
During a single day, one bee may visit several thousand flowers
of one plant species, collecting nectar and pollen and continuously
transferring pollen grains from one flower to another.
Some Facts about bee pollination:
More than 50% of the existing species of plants propagated by
seeds are dependent upon insects for adequate pollination. .
Value of additional yield obtained due to bee pollination alone
is 1520 times more than the value of all the hive products put
together.
The total value of pollination services rendered by all insects
globally comes in excess of 100 billion US dollars annually (2003
valuation).
In India 50 million hectares of land is bee dependent.
It has been estimated that bees are gainfully tapping only about
1/4th of the available floral resources of the country (Orissa
Review September 2010).
Of the 90% of flowers which are cross pollinated, 85% depend
upon insects for pollination.
Being a Mega diversity country there are about 1000 species of
bee forage plants offering rich food to all the four important
species of honey bees.
The estimated losses in India due to complete absence of bee
pollination has been measured to be somewhere between Rs.10,000 to
Rs.55,000 per hectare in some crops. (Orissa review, 2010)
Different pollinators which play vital
role in pollination (Abrol, 2009)
Pollinators % contribution
Bees 73%
Flies 19%
Bats 6.5%
Wasps 5%
Beetles 5%
Birds 4%
Buerflies 4%
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
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Crops mostly benefitted by bee pollination
Fruits and nuts: Almond, apple, apricot, peach, strawberry,
citrus and litchi
Vegetable and Vegetable seed crops: Cabbage, cauliflower,
carrot, coriander, cucumber, melon, onion, pumpkin, radish and
turnip.
Oil seed crops: Sunflower, niger, rape seed, mustard, safflower,
sesame
Forage seed crops: Lucerne, clover. (Source: TNAU, Agritech
portal)
Plants which attract honey bees for nectar/pollen or both
Cultivated field crops: Pigeon pea, lentils, clovers, Lucerne,
mustard, rape, linseed, sesame, safflower, millets and
sunflower
Vegetables: All cucurbitaceous plants, okra, beans, turnip,
radish, onion, brinjal, and sweet potato.
Trees: Neem, Cassia fistula, Acacia, Albizzia spp, eucalyptus,
Sandlewood, wild cherry.
Fruit Trees: All kinds of citrus, litchi, peach, apple, guava,
jamun, date palm, apricot, pear, almond, plum, loquat, phalsa, and
cashew
Natural and ornamental flowers
Cosmos, shoe flower, Golden rod, Cup & saucer zinnia, coral
creeper (Antigonon leptopus), rose, rangoon creeper, aster, wild
rose (kuja), hydrangea, portulaca, poinsettia, corn flower,
dandelion etc. (TNAU Agritech Portal)
Species of honey bees involved in pollination
Honey bees have an edge over all other pollinators because their
populations can be easily managed and precisely manipulated as per
pollination requirement. In India, four species of true honey bees
and nearly half a dozen species of stingless bees.
Rock bee Apis dorsata is commonly referred to as the Rock bee,
or Giant honey bee owing to its large body size. It is considered
as key e species in the forest ecosystem as it plays a crucial role
in the pollination and sustenance of forest flora and fauna.
Although the bees can't be domesticated for pollination, many crops
throughout southern Asia depend upon Apis dorsata. Some of the
major crops thought to be heavily dependent upon Apis dorsata
pollination include: cotton, mango, coconut, coffee, pepper, star
fruit etc.
Little bee or Dwarf bee A. florae is called the dwarf honey bee
due to its small size compared to other hey Thoney bees.are
excellent pollinators, which gives them an important ecological
role in the places they inhabit.
Indian honey bee Apis cerana indica among indigenous species of
honey bees recognized from India, the Indian hive bee Apis cerana
and rock bee Apis dorsata are the most abundant and predominant
pollinators for cross pollinated crops including vegetables which
constitute 46 and 42%,
respectively of the total pollinators population (Sharmah,
2015). Several factors make Apis cerana efficient pollinators, the
first being their smaller foraging range. A smaller range means
that each worker spends more time with the same plants and has
higher floral fidelity than does Apis mellifera. Apis cerana has a
longer daily foraging period than does Apis mellifera.
European bee Apis mellifera: They have been imported from
European countries (Italy).It is an effective pollinator of plants
such as cucurbits, sunflowers, apples, almonds and citrus trees.
The honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), is the most
versatile, ubiquitous, and commonly used managed pollinator.
Stingless bees has two main genera viz. Melipona and Trigona.
Stingless bees are effective pollinators of many of our economic
crops of the families like compositae, cruciferae and leguminoceae
etc.
Other bees involved in pollination:
Bumble bees (Bombus spp.): Bumble bees are highly social honey
bees, They work harder, faster at cooler temperatures than honey
bees (Light, 1994). Bumble bees reared under confined laboratory
conditions can be utilized for the pollination of crops grown under
protected conditions. Several companies are now using a patented
process developed by European scientists for rearing bumble bees.
Bumble bees pollinate tomatoes, eggplants, peppers, melons,
raspberries, blackberries, strawberries, blueberries, and
cranberries, just to name a few (Smith, 1998). Bumblebees are the
only pollinators of potato flowers worldwide. The companies are
charging users from $150 to $300 per colony. The high cost limits
the bees' use to pollinating highvalue crops in greenhouses. More
than 300,000 colonies are reported to be in use in greenhouses in
Europe and North America. (www.ebeehoney.com Pollination)
Plant Health News Letter July September 2016
HONEY BEES
Indian hive bee (Apis cerana indica (Apidae))
Rock bee (Apis dorsata (Apidae))
European bee (Apis mellifera)
Lile bee (Apis florea) Sngless bees (Trigona spp.)
OTHER BEES
Mining bees (Andrena spp.)
Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) Sweat bees (Halicitus spp.) Leafcuer
Bees (Megachile spp.)
Solitary bees (Hymenoptera)
Carpenter Bees (Xylocopa spp.)
Squash Bees (Peponapis pruinosa) Mason Bees (Osmia spp.)
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
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Plant traits that may attract bees:
Flower colour bright white, yellow, blue or UV
Flower shape shallow, have a landing platform, tubular, single
flower top
Nectar usually fresh, mild and a pleasant smell
Pollen often sticky and scented
Bees see all colours except the red
Bees need our Support!
Bee communities, both wild and managed, have been declining over
the last half century.
Bees decline A Global Pollination Crisis?
Attention has been drawn to pollinator health after the
occurrence of unusually high mortality rates of managed honeybees
in the USA during 2007, which they ascribed to a new syndrome,
called Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). CCD has not yet been
observed in the EU countries. US research found CCD is linked to a
combination of factors that place stress on honeybees, including
varroa, poor nutrition and pesticides
During 2007 in USA, due to (CCD), some commercial hive
owners have lost up to 90% of their bees.
The giant rock bee (Apis dorsata) is in sharp decline in one
of
its strongholds in the Nilgiris mountain range in southern
India. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the first in India,
has
always been known for its giant bees, which form
honeycombs on cliff tops and in tree canopies. The precise
cause of colony collapse disorder (CCD) is not known, but
researchers say that the loss of the bees will become
disastrous for the whole ecosystem if it is not tackled.
(www.Climatechangenews.com/.2016)
The study conducted in Idukki cardamom plantations and
forest areas of Kerala recently revealed that there is a
huge
decrease in giant bee colonies and a drastic reduction in
cardamom yield in the areas where the pesticide use was
high," (Times of India, 2014).
Loss of pollinators and causes for decline:
Many modern agricultural practices are responsible for
decline in insect pollinators. They include
Monoculture systems Reduces the floral diversity and,
consequently, diversity of pollinating insects.
Agricultural intensificationlargescale monoculture
coupled with the loss of noncultivated landdeprives
wild pollinators of habitat.
The intensive use of agrochemicals including pesticides
that may have a direct affect on insect pollinators, and
herbicides that remove important floral resources.
Pests and diseases affecting honey bees and their further
spread to wild populations.
Are pesticides the main culprits for bee decline? European Food
Safety Authority (EFSA) examined several
factors responsible for bee decline and decided on 1
December, 2013 to restrict the use of three pesticides
clothianidin, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, belonging
to the neonicotinoid group of insecticides as seed
treatment, soil application and foliar sprays for a period
of two years in all the 28 member states of the European
Union. Since 1999, France enforced a ban on imidacloprid in
sunflower seed treatment. Imidacloprid use on maize
was banned in France from 2004. In Germany mass death of bees in
May 2008 in oilseed
rape fields which was attributed to the drift of the
neonicotinoid insecticide clothianidin from the treated
maize seeds. Thus Germany enforced a ban on
clothianidin seed treatment from 2008. Italy has enforced a ban
on Imidacloprid, thiamethoxam
and clothianidin suspended for maize seed treatment
since 2008 (CICR Report) Two new studies, both published by the
journal Nature,
(2015) are once again indicating the pesticide group,
neonicotinoids, as having adverse affects on bee
populations. In 2015, an 11year British study showed a
definitive
relationship between increasing agricultural use of
neonicotinoid and escalating honey bee colony losses at a
landscape level. This is the first field study to establish
a
link between neonicotinoids and CCD (Coco McPherson,
2015). How to enhance OnFarm Insect Pollinators (Nicholls and
Altieri, 2013)Choose the right plants to maximize pollinator
diversity: Choose plants that flower at different times of the year
to
provide nectar and pollen sources throughout the growing
season.
Allow a minimum of three plant species that bloom at any given
time during the growing season.
Encourage combinations of annuals and perennials. Provide a
variety of flower colours and shapes to attract
different pollinators. Encourage plants to grow in clumps,
rather than single
plants, to better attract pollinators.
Sustain bee populations yearround: Lack of wild plants in fields
or adjacent areas blooming before and after the main crop can
result in a decline of healthy pollinator numbers. Encourage
blooming weeds or establish diverse plantings within and adjacent
to crop fields to provide the floral diversity that will support
resident pollinators yearround.
Plant Health News Letter July September 2016
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
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35
Include flowering crops in the field: Many favourite flowers for
honey bees, like sunflower, sweet clover, thistle, alfalfa,
dandelion, mints, cosmos, aster etc., attract large population of
honey bees which in turn help in pollination.
The field studies conducted at NIPHM to study the effect of
flowering plants on beneficial insects during kharif 2016 indicated
that sunflower crop grown as border crop attracted large population
of honey bees throughout the flowering period and there was
substantial increase in the yield of tomato, okra and groundnut.
The quality of the vegetables has also improved in the bee
pollinated crop plants.
Intercropping systems attract a diversity of pollinator species:
Intercropping systems that include a tall and a short crop, such as
corn and bean poly cultures, provide an ideal microclimate for
pollinating insects, and allow them to move between plants more
effectively. Another strategy is to include strips of
pollinatorattracting plants within fields.
Sunflower as a Border Crop Attracting the Bees at NIPHM
Field
Protect the bees Save the crops: Global initiativesThe worldwide
decline of pollinators resulted in the formation of specific
initiatives related to pollinator management and conservation at
national and global level. When Colony Collapse Disorder swept
through American and European bee populations in 2007, the western
world was alerted. These countries started several action plans to
save bees, the initiatives include North American Pollinator
Protection Campaign (NAPPC), Brazilian Pollinator Initiative (BPI),
Canadian Pollinator Conservation, 2013 and European Pollinator
Initiative (EPI, 2000). Even developing countries like Africa
(African Pollinator Initiative) and Sri Lanka (Pollinator
Conservation Action Plan for Sri Lanka) have pollination
conservation strategies.
FINANCIAL AND TECHNICAL ASSISTANCESince 2008, the USDA Natural
Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) has offered financial and
technical assistance to eligible farmers for the creation of
flowering hedgerows and wildflower meadows that support wild
bees.
In India, after realizing the importance of role of bee
pollinators in Agriculture, the first National Commission on
Agriculture (1976) in India had recommended beekeeping purely as an
agricultural input and put forth a plan for apiculture until 2000.
Later the National Bee Board (NBB) was reconstituted in June, 2006.
The main objective of the National Bee Board (NBB) is overall
development of Beekeeping by promoting Scientific Beekeeping in
India to
increase the productivity of crops through pollination
(http://www.agriculturesnetwork.org/magazines/india/insects). In
India Farmers have very limited knowledge about the pollination and
pollinators. In western countries, pollination has been
industrialized; bee keepers ship their hives from one place to
other to meet the needs of the fruit and vegetable demands.
Rental of honey bees for pollination In Western countries,
Rental of honey bee colonies for pollination purposes is a highly
demanded service and a viable component of commercial agriculture.
Bee colonies are moved extensively across the country for use in
multiple crops every year. There are also over 3,000 registered
beekeepers in Florida, managing a total of more than 400,000 honey
bee colonies and producing between 1 0 2 0 m i l l i o n p o u n d
s o f h o n e y a n n u a l l y .
(nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu/.../pollinationofvegetablecropsmaximizeyourcropspotenti...
Jan 22, 2016).
Encouraging the beekeeping for pollination of crops will benefit
both the farmer and the bee keeper. The system of hiring and
renting honeybee colonies initiated and practiced in India on large
scale to increase the production of various crops. Now the
importance of bees in crop pollination is felt by many Government
and NonGovernment agricultural organizations and growers. The
Government should take initiative measures to conserve the wild and
natural bee pollinators to save our nation from bee extinction and
provide technical and financial assistance to the bee growers to
increase the crop productivity.References Abrol, D.P. (2009),
Plantpollinator interactions in the context of climate
change an endangered mutualism. Journal of Palynology, 45:125.
cicr.org.in/pdf/Kranthi_art/Vanishing_bees.pdf Coco McPherson
(August 26, 2015). "Pesticides Killing Bees: Study
Shows What 'Everybody's Suspected". Rolling Stone Magazine.
Retrieved February 21, 2016.
cicr.org.in/pdf/Kranthi_art/Vanishing_bees.pdf Gallai N.,
Jean/mischel Salles and settele .J 2009. Economic valuation of
the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted to pollinator
decline.
Ecological Economics 68 (3):810821.
http://www.agriculturesnetwork.org/magazines/india/insects. Light
J. 1994. Bumble bee pollination. Insecta 7: 4546 Native
plants.msu.edu/pollination, Native plants, Ecosystem services,
July 5, 2016 Navatha L. and Sreedevi K. 2015. Pollinator
diversity of solitary bees in
oilseed crops. Current Biotica 8(4):375381. Nicholls, C. I. and
M. A. Altieri. 2013. Plant biodiversity enhances bees
and other insect pollinators in agroecosystems. A review.
Agronomy for
Sustainable Development 33(2): 257274.
(nwdistrict.ifas.ufl.edu/.../pollinationofvegetablecropsmaximize
yourcropspotenti... Jan 22, 2016 odisha.gov.in/emagazine/Orissa
review/2010/September/engpdf
/4447.pdf Sharmah D (2015) Significance of Honey Bee as a
Pollinator in
Improving Horticultural Crop Productivity in N.E. Region, India:
A
Review Asian Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences 4(1) :
Current
Biotica 8(4):375381. Smith D D.1998. Iowa prairie: original
extent and loss, preservation and
recovery attempts. Journal of Iowa Academy of Science 105: 94108
Times of india.indiatimes.com City, Feb 7, 2014
Plant Health News Letter July September 2016
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
-
Plant Health News Letter
Workshop on advances in urban pest management
NIPHM always parcipang acvely in farmer centric acvies around
the country. Recently, the instute has parcipated in the Farmers
Fare cum Exhibion organized by MOA & FW at Deen Dayal Upadhyay
Dham, Mathura (UP) from 25 to 29 Sept, 2016 (5 days). Under the
leadership of Dr. O. P. Sharma, Joint Director, NIPHM a stall
showcasing low cast technologies for sustainable agriculture was
displayed. Hon'ble Union Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare Minister
Shri Radha Mohan Singh, visited the NIPHM stall and appreciated the
efforts to showcase various acvies of NIPHM. The event of parcipaon
of NIPHM was appreciated by all sectors and created good awareness
about various low cost technologies developed by NIPHM among the
farmers. Farmers liked the low cost technologies developed at NIPHM
and shown interest in geng detailed informaon and training on mass
producon of biopescides, biocontrol agents, bioferlizers at farm
level and low cost equipment.
6
Parcipaon in Farmers Fare & Exhibion at Mathura (UP)
July September 2016
A one day workshop on advances in Urban Pest Management was
conducted at NIPHM in collaboraon with Indian Pest Control
Associaon (IPCA) on 29.07.16. Around 100 numbers of pest control
operators / business owners / senior persons from the pest
management industry parcipated in the workshop and benefited. Smt.
V. Usha Rani, IAS, Director General of NIPHM inaugurated the
workshop.In view of the present scenario in changing environment of
pest management industry, recent trends on Pest Control operaons
were discussed. Eminent facules from NIPHM and other Research
Instutes were delivered speeches on recent trends in pest
management. The parcipants were exposed to pescide applicaon
technology for effecve spraying, biocontrol laboratory and visited
vertebrate and urban pest management laboratory.
The ulity of useful soil organisms as bioferlizer can be
enhanced by selecng efficient microorganisms, culturing them and
formulang them into ready to use products at low cost. A large
number of officer trainees, farmers and visitors are requesng for
handson training on producon of bioferlizers and mother cultures
from NIPHM. In view of scope of bioferlizers for sustainable
farming systems, NIPHM has taken an iniave for seng up on pilot
basis, bioferlizer training cum producon laboratory at NIPHM. The
lab has become funconal with its inauguraon by Shri S. K. Paanayak,
IAS, Secretary DAC & FW on 12.08.2016 in the presence of Smt. V
Usha Rani IAS, Director General, NIPHM.The facility is useful in
selecng efficient strains of bioinoculants and culturing them. The
cultured bioferlizer strains are being mulplied and ulized in
adapve research trials, for hands on experience in praccal session
of PGDPHM programme as well as in other training programmes for
officers and farmers. The mother cultures of bioferlizers
(Rhizobium, Azotobactor, Azospirillum, PSB, KSB, ZSB, Pseudomonas,
mycorrhiza etc.) are produced and
Seng up of Bioferlizers Training cum Producon Unit at NIPHM
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
-
Plant Health News Letter
7
July September 2016
The Post Graduate Diploma in Plant Health Management (PGDPHM) is
a flagship programme of NIPHM. It is designed for capacity building
in the areas of Plant Health Management, Plant Biosecurity and
Pescide Management. The one year programme is spread over two
semesters and open to Inservice personnel of Central/ State
Departments of Agriculture/ Horculture and fresh graduates in
Agriculture/Horculture and Post Graduates in life sciences. The 6
Batch (201617) of the PGDPHM course was inaugurated by Mrs V Usha
Rani, IAS Director General of NIPHM on 1 September, 2016. In the
current batch, a total of 25 parcipants have been enrolled
including eight inservice officials nominated by the Department of
Agriculture/ Horculture, Government of Andhra Pradesh and 17 fresh
graduates from different States viz. AP, Telangana, Gujarat, Tamil
Nadu, etc. during inauguraon address, the Director General stressed
upon to make the programme more praccal and skill oriented so that
parcipants can be become experts in dealing with Plant Health
Management issues in a holisc manner. The inauguraon session was
followed by orientaon by Directors of different divisions of
NIPHM.
made available to trainees for further mulplicaon for use under
various agroclimac condions. Efforts are being made to develop
simple and low cost onfarm producon techniques for these
bioferlizers.
Inauguraon of PGDPHM 6 Batch (201617)
Research Project on Implementaon of District Pest Management
plan (DPMP) at Warangal
District Pest Management Plan is a holisc approach to prepare a
pest management plan for a district and it includes various
components like soil health management, varietal selecon,
nutrion management, agronomic pracces, ecological
engineering and influence of prevailing community on pests and
diseases. The implementaon of the DPMP is being taken up
jointly by NIPHM and MANAGE in associaon with State Agriculture
Department, State Horculture department, Agriculture
Research Staons, Warangal. It is taken as Pilot project district
for implementaon of DPMP in three crops viz., rice, coon and
chili.
As a part of Implementaon of the project, project orientaon
workshops
were organized with Agricultural Officers and Horcultural
officers of
Warangal. DPMP for all the three crops was prepared in the local
language
by including all Integrated Pest Management pracces and
distributed to
farmers and Agricultural officers of Warangal district.
Interacve sessions
were conducted between farmers and sciensts on insect pest
problems,
influence of weather on pest emergence and management
pracces.
Research Project on Study of Impact of Indiscriminate Use of
Chemical Ferlizers and Pescides
DAC has entrusted a project to NIPHM entled Impact of
Indiscriminate Use of Chemical Ferlizers and Pescides. The
project was iniated with an approved budget of Rs. 617 Lakhs for
three years to study the impact of indiscriminate use of
inseccides and ferlizers on crops, soil, water and agricultural
produce. To implement the project, NIPHM will be acng as
the nodal agency and research studies will be taken up jointly
by seven Agriculture Universies viz., Punjab Agricultural
University, Ludhiana (Paddy and Tomato), Chandra Shekhar Azad
University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (Paddy and
Cabbage), Bidan Chandra Krishi Viswa Vidyalaya, West Bengal
(Paddy and Brinjal), Vasanthrao Naik Marathwada Krishi
Vidyapeeth, Parbhani (Brinjal and Soyabean), Professor
Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University, Hyderabad
(Paddy and Soyabean), Tamil Nadu Agricultural University,
Coimbatore (Cabbage and Paddy), Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural
University, Guntur (Paddy) and
Dr. YSR Horcultural University,
Andhra Pradesh (Chilli).
P r o j e c t i m p l e m e n t a o n
workshop was organized with
Principal invesgators of the
projects on 29072016 for the
preparaon of acon plan to
iniate the project.
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
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8
Plant Health News Letter
Orientaon for Phytosanitary Cerficate Issuing Authority
An orientaon training programme for Phytosanitary
Cerficate Issuing Authories was organized from 25 to
29 August, 2016. Seventeen officials represenng Punjab,
Assam, Gujarat, Chhasgarh and Maharashtra states were
parcipated in the training programme and learnt
internaonal regulaons and obligaons under IPPC to
promote safe agricultural trade, the role and responsibilies
of NPPO and PSC issuing authories. They were also
introduced to online PQIS soware for inspecon &
sampling, tesng for regulated pests of concern to imporng
countries, imporng country's regulaons. The importance
of PFA/ALPP in export promoon and role of phytosanitary
treatments for migang the pest risks as per the Standard
Operang Procedures for Phytosanitary Cerficaon were
explained.
Capacity Building
Fruit fly: Surveillance and Management
Tephrid fruit flies are responsible for losses in fresh
produce as well as considered as major impediment in
export of economically important fruits and vegetables.
NIPHM organized a 5 days training programme on ''Fruit fly:
Surveillance and Management'' from 25 to 29, July, 2016
and 27 officials from the States of Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu,
Uarakhand, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha,
Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir. The
parcipants were trained through various lectures & hands
on pracces such as fruit fly biology, classificaon, fruit
fly
idenficaon, exoc fruit flies and their pathways of entry,
fruit fly surveillance.
July September 2016
Stored grain pest detecon and idenficaon &
Phytosanitary treatments
A Twenty one day duraon training programme on Stored
Grain PestsDetecon and Idenficaon & Phytosanitary
Treatment (MBr& ALP) was organized from 1 to 22
August, 2016 and four officials from DPPQ&S from the
States
of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Haryana and one
official from Gujarat State Agricultural University aended
the training.
The parcipants learnt various inspecon & sampling
methods to detect insect pests & idenficaon of different
stored grain insect pests by using various idenficaon keys
and online tools. The parcipants were familiarized with
physical and chemical properes of Phosphine and Methyl
bromide, safety precauons to be followed while handling
fumigants, mode of acon of fumigants, principles of
fumigaon, monitoring the fumigant concentraon,
appropriate use and maintenance of fumigants and safety
equipments.
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
Stored grain pest detecon and idenficaon
A 5 days duraon training was organized from 1 to 5,
August, 2016 and 7 parcipants from the States of Tamil
Nadu, Jammu and Kashmir and Haryana were trained.
The parcipants learnt the importance of stored grain pest
management in the context of naonal food security and
global grain trade. They also learnt methods of detecon and
idenficaon of various stored grain insect pests by
employing appropriate idenficaon tools, use of
pheromones and traps. The significance of Systems
Approach in managing the food grains was explained.
Phytosanitary treatments (MBr & AlP)
A 15 day duraon training programme was organized from
8 to 22 August, 2016 and a total 28 parcipants from
various pest control organizaons and fumigaon service
providers were trained. The parcipants were able to
understand the guidelines laid in NSPM11, 12 (MBr
-
Plant Health News Letter
Capacity Building
Pest Surveillance NIPHM organized eight day duraon programme on
Pest
Surveillance from 24 to 31 August, 2016 and trained 33
parcipants represenng Tamil Nadu, Telengana, Karnataka,
Himachal Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Uar Pradesh, Goa,
Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Chhasgarh and Maharashtra.
The parcipants learnt various pest surveillance strategies
such as detecon, monitoring and deliming surveys. The
parcipants learnt tools required for surveillance of target
pests and the procedures for establishment of Pest Free
Areas to gain Market Access. The parcipants learnt about
various lures and traps for carrying out fruit fly
surveillance
for monitoring as well as for areawide control.
July September 2016
Stored grain pest management for FCI and CWC officials
The most commonly used fumigant, Aluminum phosphide
(AlP) is a restricted pescide under Inseccides Act, 1968
and it must be used only by the trained & skilled
officials.
With the objecve to train the quality control officials of
FCI,
CWC & SWCs who are acvely involved in storage of food
grains, a 5days training on Stored Grain Pest Management
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
fumigaon) and NSPM22 (Phosphine fumigaon) to
conduct appropriate fumigaon procedures as well as the
accreditaon procedure of fumigaon operators prescribed
by the Directorate of PPQ&S. The parcipants had handson
praccal experience in creang gasght enclosure, laying
gas supply and monitoring lines, use of vaporizer, leak
detector and gas concentraon monitor.
for FCI, CWC & SWCs officials was organized from
19.09.16
to 23.09.16. Total eighty two (82) parcipants from FCI, CWC
& SWCs from different parts of the country were
benefited
and they were trained extensively on scienfic storage and
proper procedure for fumigaon of food grains with
Aluminium phosphide.
Onfarm producon of biocontrol agents and biopescides under
CROPSAP, Maharashtra NIPHM has organized two training programmes of
five days duraon from 04 to 08 July 2016 and 11 to 15 July, 2016 on
'On farm producon of biocontrol agents and biopescides under
CROPSAP, Maharashtra'. Trainees were given exposure to Mass
producon of biopescides, predators and parasitoids, onfarm producon
techniques of biocontrol Agents, Mycorrhiza etc. A total 52
Agriculture Extension Officers from Maharashtra were aended the
training.
Refresher training programme on 'New Dimensions in agricultural
Extension Management for middle level extension funconariesNIPHM
and MANAGE have jointly organized two refresher training programmes
from 14 to 15 July, 2016 and 25 to 26 August 2016 for middle level
extension funconaries on various aspects of plant health
management. In this programme the parcipants were given training on
various low cost on farm mass producon techniques of biocontrol
agents and microbial biopescides. A total of 39 parcipants aended
this training programme.
9
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351010
Plant Health News Letter
Capacity Building
July September 2016
Onfarm producon of biocontrol agents and microbial pescides to
promote A ESA based Plant Health management in conjuncon with
Ecological Engineering for pest Management Meghalaya, RKVY
Project
A ten days training programme on 'OnFarm Producon of
Bio control Agents & Microbial Bio pescides to Promote
AESA based Plant Health Management in conjuncon with
Ecological Engineering for Pest Management' was organized
under Meghalaya RKVY project to the Agricultural officers of
Meghalaya. The technologies covered under this
programme are (i) mass producon of parasitoids such as
Trichogramma, Chelonus, Bracon, Goniozus etc. (ii) mass
producon of predators such as Chrysoperla, Reduviid,
Spiders, Coccinellids etc. (iii) mass producon of microbial
Inducon training on Plant Health Management and Horcultural
Extension NIPHM and MANAGE, Hyderabad have jointly organized the
inducon training programme to newly recruited Horculture extension
officers. The programme is designed with various aspects of Plant
Health Management with special focus on farm level mass producon of
biocontrol agents, biopescides and bioferlizers, principles of
biosecurity and extension management skills, markeng, work ethics,
etc. The duraon of the training programme is of two weeks (8 days
at NIPHM and 5 days at MANAGE). Field trip for parcipants was also
organized to Fruit Research Farm, Sanga Reddy and provided exposure
on latest techniques in nursery management, propagaon methods, high
density plantaon, rejuvenaon of old orchards, irrigaon management
etc. During the quarter, two inducon training programmes i.e. one
from 1622 July, 2016 and another from 13 to 19 Sept., 2016 were
organized and aended by 79 newly recruited Horcultural Officers
from different states of Tamil Nadu. NIPHM and MANAGE have jointly
organized two refresher training programmes from 14 to 15 July,
2016 and 25 to 26 August, 2016 for middle level extension
funconaries on various aspects of plant health management. In this
programme the parcipants were given training on various low cost on
farm mass producon techniques of biocontrol agents and microbial
biopescides. A total of 39 parcipants aended this training
programme.
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
b i o p e s c i d e s s u c h a s
Trichoderma, Metarhizium,
Lecanicillium, Beauveria,
Nomuraea, Paecilomyces,
Pseudomonas, Bacillus and
(iv) Entomopathogenic
nematodes. A total of five
parcipants have aended
the programme.
Producon protocol for biocontrol agents and quality
analysis and quality management of microbial bio
pescides
Training programme on 'producon protocol for biocontrol
agents and quality analysis & quality management of
microbial biopescides' was conducted to create a pool of
master trainers with enhanced skills in the area of
producon of superior BCAs and their quality management.
Parcipants were trained in laboratory and onfarm
producon of b iocontrol agents and microbia l
biopescides. Addionally they were imparted handson
experiences in the techniques and methods required for
registraon and quality management of microbial
biopescides. A total of 5 parcipants from Punjab, West
Bengal, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh have aended this
training programme.
Fundamentals of Plant Health Management for Plant
Health Doctors
Training programme on 'Fundamentals of Plant Health
Management for Plant Health Doctors' was organised at
NIPHM, Hyderabad from 24 August to 13 September,
2016. The parcipants were trained on IPM, biological
control, Mass producon of hosts, parasitoids, predators,
biopescides, bioferlizers, Ecological engineering, AESA,
E P Ns and novel approaches in pest and disease
management of important crops. Training was provided on
safe use of pescides, pescide residue management,
vertebrate pest management and rodent pest management.
A total of 5 parcipants have aended the programme.
-
July September 2016
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
Plant Health News Letter
Capacity Building
Crop specific Agro Ecosystem analysis (AESA) based Plant
Health Management (PHM) in conjuncon with Ecological
Engineering for pest management (Rice/Vegetables):A training
programme of 21 days duraon on Agro
Ecosystem Analysis (AESA) based Plant Health Management
(PHM) in conjuncon with Ecological Engineering for Pest
Management (Rice/Vegetable) was organized at NIPHM,
Hyderabad. The parcipants were trained on recent
concepts of plant health management and novel approaches
in pest and disease management of Rice and vegetables. A
total of 5 parcipants have aended the programme.
11
Training programme on Integrated Pest Management on Coon (3
days):A training programme on Integrated Pest Management on Coon
was conducted from 29 to 31 August, 2016 under SMAE Support to
State Extension Programmes for Extension Reforms Scheme (SSEPERS
ATMA SAMETI, Kudumiyanmalai, Tamil Nadu). Total 27 parcipants
aended the programme. The parcipants were learnt new concepts of
pest management i.e. Agroecosystem Analysis (AESA) and Ecological
Engineering (EE) for managing pests in crops especially in coon
agroecosystem. They were also exposed to the integrated weed,
nutrient, disease and insect pest management in coon ecosystems and
trained in High density planng in coon and its implicaons in pest
management, seed treatment with microbial bio pescides
(biopriming), rodent pest management, etc.
On farm producon of Biocontrol agents and microbial
biopescides to promote Plant Health Management in
conjuncon with Ecological Engineering for Pest
Management A ten days training programme on 'OnFarm Producon
of
Bio control Agents & Microbial Bio pescides to Promote
AESA based Plant Health Management in conjuncon with
Ecological Engineering for Pest Management' was organized.
A total of 4 trainees from Kerala and Himachal Pradesh
aended this programme.
Pescide Formulaon Analysis (PFA)
The training program on PFA was conducted during 12 July to 15
Sept, 2016 and where in 12 parcipants were trained. The parcipants
were imparted knowledge to the inseccide act, 1968 and inseccide
rules 1971, procedures for implementaon, enforcements. The basics
of pescide formulaons, physicchemical properes, and principles of
volumetric, colorimetric, trimetric and chromatographic analysis
were taught.
Inspecon Sampling and Prosecuon Procedures under Inseccide Act,
1968 (ISPP)The program aims capacity building of the Inseccide
Inspectors appointed under secon 20 of the Inseccide Act 1968, for
enforcement of the Act which helps them understand the Act and
Rules and procedures to be followed for successful enforcement of
the act. This course is organized from 19 to 24 September, 2016.
The parcipants are trained to equip themselves on the salient
features of the Inseccide Act, 1968, Inseccide Rules 1971,
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12
Plant Health News Letter
Capacity Building
July September 2016
Laboratory Quality System Management and Internal Audit as per
ISO/IEC 170252005The Analysts and the Managers of the Laboratories
are imparted training on Quality system procedures so as to equip
themselves with the procedures of internal audit and quality
management of the Laboratories and to organize the labs to obtain
the accreditaon by the NABL and also to maintain the spulated
condions in the Laboratory under ISO cerficaon for connuous
performance. The parcipants also are given training on internal
audit of the Laboratory. The program was conducted with 13
parcipants (12 from PFA and 1 from Govt. of Tamil Nadu).
Quality Analysis and Quality Management of Microbial Bio
pescides: The program was conducted as a part of producon protocols
for biocontrol agents, conducted by PHM. The emphasis was given on
Quality parameters and Quality control procedures for microbial
biopescides, with praccal work.
Appropriate pescide Applicaon Techniques and Farm Level Storage
Structures The main purpose of pescide applicaon technique is to
achieve maximum efficacy with minimum side effects on nontarget
organisms. The knowledge on farm level storage structures enhances
the farmers to safely store the p r o d u c e t o g e t beer market
price. Total 15 parcipants from various states a e n d e d t h e t
r a i n i n g programme. The parcipants gained knowledge on use of
spraying techniques and farm level storage pracces.
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
their implementaon giving emphasis on the role of Inseccide
Inspectors, dues & Responsibilies, the procedures for sampling,
an exposure to the Procedures and methods of analysis of synthec
pescides, Bio products and the interpretaon of the Analycal Reports
besides Procedures for prosecuon including the evidence act &
Cr. PC.
Safe and Judicious Use of Chemical Pescides NIPHM organized a
training programme on Safe and
nd thJudicious use of chemical pescides from 22 to 29 August,
2016. Total of 15 parcipants from 5 states aended the training
programme. Parcipants were trained on various aspects like
appropriate selecon of spraying techniques, dosage requirements,
pescide formulaon and their properes, quality control of pescides,
judicious use of rodencides, safe use of pescides and precauons to
be taken while spraying and storage of pescides. Praccal sessions
were organized on applicaon techniques, selecon of suitable
nozzles, calibraon of the sprayers, and their operaon. An Instuonal
visit to CRIDA research farm was organized to get acquainted with
different farm equipment.
One month training for B. Tech Agricultural Engineering
students (01.07.2016 to 29.07.2016)
A tailor made training program was organized for one month
duraon for private agricultural Engineering College
students covering an overview of the agricultural
engineering aspects. A batch of 22 students has undergone
the training programme. The programme gives an overall
idea of agricultural engineering and also an exposure to job
opportunies in various fields. Some project work was also
assigned to evaluate the field efficiency of lever operated
knapsack sprayer, baery operated sprayer, NIPHM trolley
mounted sprayer, compression sprayer, mist blower and
hand ULV sprayer.
Inplant training for B.Tech Agricultural Engineering
students of 4 months (commenced from 06.06.2016 to
06.10.2016)
A four month training programme was conducted for B. Tech
Agriculture Engineering students. During the training they
have learnt various aspects on appropriate pescide
applicaon techniques, safe and judicious applicaon of
chemicals, storage problems at farm and commercial level,
storage structures. Total 20 B. Tech final year students
from
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13
Plant Health News Letter
Capacity Building
July September 2016
Training on Vertebrate Pest ManagementNIPHM organized a five
days training on Vertebrate Pest
thManagement, to the agriculture extension officials from 11
th
to 15 July, 2016. A total 13 agriculture officers from Tamil
Nadu, Gujrat and Karnataka states were parcipated. The parcipants
were given exposures to different aspects like Indian Wild Life
Act., 1972, biology and management of rodents, ungulates, wild
boar, birds and their managements. Dr. Vasudev Rao (Cocoordinator),
All India Network Project on Vertebrate Pest Management & Dr.
Srinivasa Rao, Sr. Scienst from Andhra Pradesh Rice Research
Instute were invited and rendered their experse to the parcipants.
The parcipants were given field exposure on wild boar and rodents
damages and their management.
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
College of Agricultural Engineering, Bapatla (13) and
Madakhasira (7) were aended the training programme.
Refresher training on Rodent pest Management
A Refresher training on Rodent Pest Management was thconducted
for middle level extension funconaries from 29
August to 2 September, 2016. The objecve is acquainng
the parcipants in idenficaon of rodent species, rodent
damage/infestaon measurement, ecology and ethology of
the rodents which provides a basic knowledge on rodent
pest management and facilitates them to plan and organize
rodent control campaigns at village level. Total Thirteen
(13)
parcipants from Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Gujarat were trained on
several basic aspects of rodent pest management, with more
exposure to management in field condions.
Cerficate course on Urban Integrated Pest Management
Cerficate course of 15 days duraon on Urban Integrated
Pest Management was conducted from 25 July to 08
August, 2016 with an objecve to build technical manpower
to undertake commercial urban pest control services in
human habitaons, instuons and industrial premises for
structural pest management professionals. A total 17
parcipants (13 Private Industry & 4 officers from
Department of Agriculture, Government of Kerala) from
Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, and Tamil
Nadu aended the training. The parcipants were given
field based training on biology and management of
mosquitoes, termites, flies, cockroaches, rodents, stored
grain insect pests besides giving exposure on pescide
toxicity, zoonoc diseases, safe and judicious use of
pescides through scienfic applicaon techniques, food
safety and principles of IPM with concomitant field praccal.
The parcipants took assignment works in groups on biology
and management of major urban pests.
An inbuilt module training of five days on Urban Integrated
Rodent Pest Management (UIRPM) was organized from 26
to 30 July, 2016. One parcipant from Telangana aended
the programme.
Farmer training programme on Integrated Pest
Management on Vegetables, Pulses and Paddy
Ten training programmes were conducted on IPM of
vegetables, pulses and paddy for 268 farmers from different
districts of Tamil Nadu. They were trained on mass
producon of biocontrol agents at farm level and microbial
biopescides to promote AESA based PHM in conjuncon
with Ecological Engineering for Pest Management. As a part
of programme, farmers were also provided hands on training
in onfarm mass producon techniques of host insect,
Corcyra and parasitoids and predators, microbial
biopescides such as Trichoderma, Pseudomonas also on
bioferlizers, fruit fly trap and lure preparaon, rodent pest
management, pescide applicaon techniques etc.
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3714
Plant Health News Letter
Transfer of NIPHM technologies from lab to the field
July September 2016
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
To transfer the NIPHM technologies from lab to field, NIPHM has
iniated the farmer's field trials at Kampasagar district of
Nalgonda and Garikapadu of Krishna district. The farmers were
provided with all inputs and technologies developed by NIPHM for
rice culvaon viz., biopescides, Bioferlizers and ecological
engineering flowering plants etc. The nursery crop was raised
successfully without using any chemical ferlizers and pescides and
the main field crop aer two months of transplantaon is maintaining
good crop health.
Rodent damage in cocoa plantaons in West Godavari DistrictMr.
Mariadoss, A., Asst Director (RPM) and Dr. Ch. Sreenivasa Rao,
Director (PM)
Cocoa is an important commercial plantaon crop of the world. The
country has exported 32,633.58 MT of Cocoa products to
the world for the worth of Rs. 1,266.99 crores during the year
of 201516 (APEDA, 2016). The major export desnaons are
United States, Singapore, United Arab Emirates, Korea Republic
and China. In India, the current producons is about 12,000
Metric Tonnes and are primarily culvated in Southern states like
Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as a
popular inter crop in coconut plantaons. In Andhra Pradesh, the
five coastal districts of East and West Godavari, Krishna,
Visakhapatnam and Srikakulam are the principal producers of
cocoa in the state as the climac condions are suitable for the
crop.
Pests and diseases are risk to producvity and quality of harvest
which in turn affects the returns to the farmers. Since cocoa
is
an introduced crop the more important for the farmer is to be
clear about the pests and diseases and be able to idenfy the
symptoms correctly.
Rats (Raus raus) and squirrels (Funambulus trisriatus and F.
palmarum) are the
major rodent pests of cocoa. They cause serious damage to the
pods. The rats
usually gnaw the pods near the stalk poron whereas squirrels
gnaw the pods in
the centre. Squirrel damage can be disnguished by the coarser
chips and the
bigger size of the holes made, although there is wide overlap in
individual cases.
Rats damage the mature and immature cocoa pods whereas squirrel
damages only
mature pods.
In a recent visit to Kokkirapadu village in West Godavari
District, damages due to
both rats and squirrels were observed in cocoa plantaons which
are being grown
as intercrop in coconut orchards. The damages observed were to
the tune of more
than 35%. The plantaons are located where rice crop is
predominantly grown
throughout the year in the District and culvated as an intercrop
among coconut
plantaons. The availability of food and water sources throughout
the year favours
the regular breeding of Raus raus and consequent damages. The
availability of
rodent populaon are also ensured by other crops like sugarcane
and oil palm
which are predominantly grown in the district.
Management of rodents in Cocoa
Keep the orchards weed free to avoid movement and breeding of
rodents.
The rats can be controlled by placing 10 g bromadiolone (0.005%)
wax cakes or ripe banana stuffed with carbofuran on
the branches of cocoa trees twice at an interval of 1012
days.
Squirrels are best controlled by trapping with wooden or wire
mesh single catch 'live' trap with ripe coconut kernel as
the bait.
For squirrels set up poison baits or traps in the early morning
hours, whereas for rats, do it in evening hours.
Remove rodent nests from coconut crowns and do general cleaning
of the crowns to reduce rodent infestaon.
Idenfy the live burrows and go for packeng and pockeng of
bromodialone bait in the burrows.
Go for burrow smoking to check the rodents.
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July September 2016 Plant Health News Letter
Onfarm producon of bioferlizers using low cost mediumDr. O P
Sharma, JDAgro and Dr. Neha Singh, SRF
Live Streaming of NIPHM Low Cost Technologies
Naonal Instute of Plant Health Management (NIPHM) always used to
adopt new and advanced technologies. As a new
iniave, live Streaming of, NIPHM developed low cost technologies
demonstraon over internet is taken up. The services of
third party soluon provider purpose.www.livestream.com are being
used for this
The livestreaming is done with mere mobile phone with 3G/4G
internet connecvity and the live demo can be viewed in
mobile devices / laptops/ desktops etc. The outcome of the
iniave is a seamless video streaming, which can be viewed by
any number of viewers across the globe with a bare Gmail id /
Facebook ID.
The viewer's just need to register and login to the URL link
provided by
NIPHM, which is sent through SMS (almost 5000 agricultural
professionals
in Telangana & A. P. are accessible through Mobile Phone
inially) prior to
the event date and me. NIPHM is preparing a database of
contact
numbers of all Agriculture professionals across India for this
purpose.
The live streaming demonstraon iniave was inaugurated by Sh.
S.K.
Paanayak, Hon'ble Secretary (AC&FW), Ministry of Agriculture
and
Farmers Welfare on 20 September, 2016 and more than 500 viewers
were
witnessed on the live streaming site and viewed the Live
Streaming.
Bioferlizer contains living or latent cells of efficient
microorganisms which, when applied to soil, colonizes the
rhizosphere or
the interior of the plant and promotes growth by increasing the
availability of nutrients to the host plant. These are
important
ecofriendly agricultural inputs for sustainable agriculture
system.
NIPHM has developed techniques for farm level mass producon of
bioferlizers using low cost producon medium. The
preliminary results show that these low cost producon medium are
suitable for mulplicaon of bacterial bioferlizers like
Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, PSB, etc.
The study carried out at Bioferlizer lab at NIPHM using
different medium namely Nutrient broth, Jaggary, NIPHM medium
and combinaon of both i.e. Jaggary + NIPHM medium for growth of
Rhizobium in terms of cfu/ml count.
The results of present study showed that, medium used for mass
producon of bioferlizer i.e. Jaggary, NIPHM medium and
combinaon of both (Jaggary + NIPHM medium) was found effecve and
low cost at par with commercial nutrient broth as
indicated below
315
{ b 5 factor
b broth
W broth
b Lt I a broth
b Lt I a Jaggery broth
1931 1879 1897 1856 101
2. 102 1234 1314 1220 1332
3. 103 1266 1267 1153 1272
4. 104 888 869 821 845
5. 105 678 768 670 770
6. 106 489 476 467 495
7. 107 324 322 280 333
8. 108 190 189 150 191
9. 109 53 62 47 79
The per liter cost of different medium is Rs. 0.6, 5, 5.6 and
49.27 for Jaggary, NIPHM, NIPHM + Jaggary and commercial
nutrient
broth, respecvely. The low cost producon medium like Jaggary and
NIPHM medium can be used by the farmers for
mulplicaon of bacterial bioferlizers like Rhizobium,
Azotobactor, Azospirilum, Bacillus, etc. on their own farm.
Please send your queries regarding Pest and Disease Problems to
Plant Pest Disease Advisory Services provided by NIPHM. for more
details visit Website: http://niphm.gov.in
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Published by: Registrar
National Institute of Plant Health Management (NIPHM)Department
of Agriculture, Cooperation & Farmers Welfare,
Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare, Govt. of
IndiaRajendranagar, Hyderabad 500 030, INDIA. Ph: +91 40 24013346,
Tele Fax: +91 40 24015346; [email protected]; [email protected]
16
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31.08.2016 14.09.2016 ' -2016'
14.09.2016
06.09.2016 ' ,
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Editor Dr. Ch. Sreenivasa Rao, Director, Pesticide Management
Division
Associate Editor Dr. C. S. Gupta, Assistant Scientific
officer(PP)
[email protected]
Independence Day was Celebrated by NIPHM officers with great
enthusiasm,Mrs. V. Usha Rani, IAS, Director General NIPHM hoisted
the Naonal Flag on this occassion
Dr. Ch. Sreenivasa Rao, Director Pescide
Management Division has visited Malaysia as
Subject Maer Expert and Master Trainer for
USDA sponsored Training on Pescide
Residues in Food Crop and Dietary Risk
Assessment during 21 23 September, 2016.
Official Visit
Plant Health News Letter July September 2016