Planning Function

8/3/2019 Planning Function

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Planning Function


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Looking ahead and chalking out future

courses of action.

Setting of direction of an organization. Definition of work to be done- including

resource requirements, dependencies,

and training.


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APPROACHES TO PLANNING

Informal Planning

Extended Budgeting

Top-down Planning Strategic Analysis/Policy Options

Bottom-up Planning

Behavioral Approach

Strategic Review


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THE

PLANNING

CYCLE-brings together all

aspects of planning

into a coherent,

unified process.


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Stage 2: IDENTIFYING THEAIM OF YOUR PLAN

Sharpens the focus of your plan

Avoids wastage of effort on irrelevant issues

1. What do I want the future to be?

2. What benefit do I want to give to my

customers?

3. What returns do I seek?4. What standards am I aiming at?

5. What values do I and my organization believe

in?

Guide Questions:


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Mission Statement

Mission statements give

concrete expression tothe vision statement.

It also identifies the

companys reason for

existence.

Vision Statement

It expresses the benefit

that an organization willprovide to its customers.

It indicates the

companys dream.


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Stage 3: EXPLORING OPTIONS

You should know where you are and what

you want to do.

At this stage it is best to spend a little time

generating as many options as possible.


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Creativity Tools


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Teaches more than 20 techniques

Brainstorming - group activity technique by

which a group tries to find a solution for aspecific problem by gathering a list of ideas

spontaneously contributed by its members.


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Stage 4: SELECTING THE BEST OPTION

It is time to decide which one to use

You could decide to go with the low-cost

option.

Carrying out detailed planning, costing, riskassessment, etc.


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Grid Analysis

Useful technique to

use for making a

decision.

Can decide

confidently and

rationally.


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Decision Trees

Excellent tool

Highly effective

structure Investigate the

possible outcomes

of choosing thoseoptions


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Stage 5. DETAILED PLANNING

You should have a good picture of where you

are.

What you want to achieve and the range of

options available to you.

Working out the most efficient and effective way

of achieving the aim that you have defined.


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Gantt Charts


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Help you to plan out the tasks that need to be

completed

Give you a basis for scheduling when these

tasks will be carried out Allow you to plan the allocation of resources

needed to complete the project

Help you to work out the critical path for a

project where you must complete it by aparticular date


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Critical PathAnalysis

Powerful tools thathelp you to scheduleand managecomplex projects.

Helps you to plan alltasks that must becompleted as part ofa project.

Allows you tomonitor achievementof project goals


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Stage 6: EVALUATION OF THE PLANANDITSIMPACT

This stage is to review it to decidewhether it is worth implementing.


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Techniques

1. PMI

(Plus/Minus/Interesting)

Listing the plus

points in the plan inone column.

Minus points in asecond column,

implications andpoints of uncertaintyof the plan in a thirdcolumn.

2. Cost/Benefit Analysis

add up the value of thebenefits of a course of

action, and subtractthe costs associatedwith it.

3. Force Field Analysis

Gives a good overallview of all the forcesfor and against yourplan.


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4. Cash FlowForecasts:

assess the effectof time on costsand revenue.

Helps in assessingthe size of thegreatest negativeand positive cashflows associatedwith a plan.

5. "6 Thinking Hats

To look at

decisions from a

number ofimportant

perspectives.


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Stage 7: IMPLEMENTINGCHANGE

Time to implement

Shows the details and controls that you

will use to monitor the execution of the

plan.


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Stage 8: CLOSING THE PLAN

An evaluation of the project to see whether

there are any lessons that you can learn.

Evaluate the project planning to see if this

could be improved.


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StrategiesStrategies

andandTacticsTactics


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methods or processes required

in total, or in combination to

achieve the goals.


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more operational and done in

context with or as a support activity

or operation to achieve a strategy.


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CharacteristicsCharacteristics

ofofStrategiesStrategies


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It is traditionally meant to be agrand plan made in light of what it

was believed an adversary might or

might do.

It derives its relevance given

from the existence competition

in business.


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A process of deciding on objectives ofthe organization, on changes in the

objectives, use and disposition of these

resources. It involves determination of the basic

long-term goals and objectives of an

enterprise, and the adoption of coursesof action and the allocation of resources

necessary to carry out these goals.


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A decision about how to use available

resources to secure a major objective

in the face of obstruction.

Implies actions and guides decision-

making, spelling out directions to be

taken.

May exist without a policy.


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Categories of

Strategy


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Mastersons Road Carmen Flyover


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Purpose of the Project

Lessen heavy flow of traffic in the area

Enormous help to travelling public for

smooth sailing travel

Avoidance of traffic congestion

To attract investors


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Who will benefit the project?

People residing in Carmen. Particularly in

Macanhan/Balulang, Zayas Landfill and

Upper Carmen like Xavier Heights,

Lumbia. The City of Cagayan de Oro in terms of

building infrastructure which adds up

beauty in within the city


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According to the data gathered by the LTO,

during rush hours 7:30am 8:30am and

6:30pm 8:00pm the vehicles passes along

the intersection reaches not less than 500public and private vehicles which causes

heavy traffic in the area


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How to resolve this traffic?

2 plan proposals by the DPWH

Re-route all the vehicles going to

Macanhan/Balulang and vehicles going to

Lumbia Airport

Build Flyover along the intersection


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How did they decided to build the flyover?

I. Re-route plan (going to Macanhan/Balulang)

Cons:

The roads that will be affected by the re-

route scheme going to Macanhan/Balulang

is not yet concretize.

No street light

Longer travel time

More fuel consumption by the motorists


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Cons:

No street light

Longer travel time Safety concerns

Complaining odor passing through Zayas

Landfill

More fuel consumption by the motorists

II. Re-route plan (going to Lumbia Airport)


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Analyzing the Cons

No Streetlights Budget release for the

construction of streetlights and additional

power consumption in the city

Roads not concretize Budget release

Longertravel time which could affect

businesses in the uptown area (e.g. Pryce

Plaza, SM)

Odorin the Landfill could affect the health


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Project Description

The Carmen Flyover is a project of Mayor

Emano and one of the three flyovers (Puerto,

CM Recto) constructed in the city of Cagayan

de Oro Mastersons Road along Macanhan is a

National Road, therefore under the

responsibility of DPWH and City EngineerBingona


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The Carmen Flyover will be constructed along

the junctions going to Macanhan, Zayas and

uptown going to Lumbia Airport


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Date Started: July 1, 2011

Target Completion:

w/in 200days (about 6 months)

Date Inaugurated:

November 15, 2011 (110 days)

Cost of the Project:119 millionContractor: UKC Builders Inc.


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Reasons delayed forProject

At first the estimated days of completion is

90days from July 1. But former City

Engineer Bingona stressed out that the

Carmen flyover is different from CM RectoFlyover w/c were started 2 weeks apart.

Widening for the foot of Mastersons Road.

9 houses were adversely affected Power lines around the Macanhan flyover

project needs to be transferred


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Problems in Construction ofCarmen flyover

No proper detour going to Balulang and

Xavier Heights. Longer route

Pryce Plaza complaining about the delayed

project which causes loss in their business.

Considered as roller coaster flyover w/c

causes flooding in the foot and upper portion

of the flyover


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New routing scheme after

the construction ofCarmenFlyover


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Carmen FlyoverCarmen Flyover

ZayasZayasLandfillLandfill

Lumbia AirportLumbia AirportMacanhan/BalulangMacanhan/Balulang

DVsoriaDVsoria


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Run Down

Planning Function Definition

Approaches

Phases Strategy

Characteristics

Categories Case to Consider: Mastersons Road Carmen

Flyover

Planning Function

Documents