FACILITIES PLANNING INTRODUCTION Form Follows Function Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union.

FACILITIES PLANNING

INTRODUCTION

Form Follows Function Form and function should be one, joined in a spiritual union

FACILITY

Buildingpeoplematerialmachines

Stated purposeobjectives

Participants in a facility planning project Civil Electrical Mechanical Industrial

Engineers

Architects Consultants General contractors Managers Real estate brokers Urban planners

Towards a definition

Facilities planning determines how an activity's tangible fixed assets best support achieving the activity's objective. For a manufacturing firm, facilities planning involves

the determination of how the manufacturing facility best supports production.

For an airport, facilities planning involves determining how the airport facility is to support the passenger-airplane interface.

For a hospital: How the hospital facility supports providing medical care to patients.

FP involves:

i.e., Hospital, Office, Manufacturing FPs

Facilities Location

Determining how the location of a facility supports meeting the facility's objective Its placement with respect to customer,

suppliers, and other facilities with which it interfaces.

Its orientation on a specific plot of land.

Facilities Design

The determination of how the design components of a facility support achieving the facility's objectives

Facility SystemsStructural and enclosure systemsLighting, electrical, communication systemsLife safety systemsSanitation systems

For a plant: • Power, light, gas, heat, ventilation, air conditioning,

water, sewage needs.

Facilities Layout

EquipmentMachineryFurnishings

For a manufacturing facility:Production areasSupport areasPersonnel areas within the building

Handling System

Mechanisms needed to satisfy the required facility interactions.

For a Manufacturing FacilityMaterials, personnel, information, and

equipment-handling systems required to support production.

Motivations

Reindustrialization Employee health and safety Energy conservation Community rules and regulations

Noise, air pollution, waste disposal Pilferage

Objectives-I-

Customer satisfaction Return on assets (ROA)

Maximize inventory turnsMinimize obsolete inventoryMaximize employee participationMaximize continuous improvement

Speed for quick customer response Costs and supply chain profitability

Objectives-II-

Supply chain through partnerships and communication

Organization’s vision Utilizations of people, equipment, space,

energy. Return on investment (ROI) on all capital

expenditures Adaptability and ease of maintenance Employee safety and job satisfaction

Facilities Planning Process

1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM• The objective of the facility

• Products/Volumes/Role in the SC• The primary and support activities

• Operations, equipment, personnel, material flows

• Maintenance

Facilities Planning Process

2. ANALYZE THE PROBLEM• The interrelationships among all

activities(Qualitative and quantitative)

Facilities Planning Process

3. DETERMINE THE SPACE REQUIREMENTS FOR ALL ACTIVITIES

For all equipment, material, and personnel• Alternative designs • Alternative facilities plans

Facilities Planning Process

4. EVALUATE THE ALTERNATIVES5. SELECT THE PREFERRED

DESIGN6. IMPLEMENT THE DESIGN

• Implement the plan• Maintain and adapt the plan• Redefine the objective of the facility

Model of Success

VISION MISSION REQUIREMENT

OF SUCCESS GUIDING

PRINCIPLES EVIDENCE OF

SUCCESS(Tompkins 1989)

Cost of making design changes Planning Designing Building Installing Commissioning

Synergistic benefit of integrated manufacturing-marketing team No.of units sold Improved flexible manufacturing Product variety Lot sizes Quality Inventory Manufacturing unit costs Customer service

Facilities planning

Determines how an activity's tangible fixed assets should contribute to meeting the activity's objectives.

Consists of facilities location and facilities design, Is part art and part science. Can be approached using the engineering design

process, Is a continuous process and should be viewed from a

life cycle perspective. Represents one of the most significant opportunities

for cost reduction and productivity improvement.

Facility Location

Type & Volume of Products (services)

Manufacturing (services) Processes

Required

Design of Components (services)

Type and Quantity of Equipment Required

Process Planning

Type and Quantity of Material Handling

Devices

Determine Material Handling Methods

Layout of Equipment within Each Cell

Layout of machine cells

Determination of Machine (service)

Cells

Tooling and Fixture Determination

Determining Flow of Products and People

Scheduling and Planning Jobs

Overall System Design

Inventory Control

Distribution of Goods

Quality Control and Customer Service

“The involvement of Industrial Engineers in the design process enhances and optimizes all aspects of architectural professional practice in commercial, healthcare, or industrial projects. Traditionally. IEs possess skills and analytical tools for determining site selection, space requirements, flow/activity analysis, and space/function relationship programming. Using these skills, the engineer brings value to the overall design by assisting in operations planning, concept design, and layout evaluation and therefore yielding a more cost-effective and functional design.”

Problems

Peruse the problems at the end of the first chapter (Lab activity).