Pitcture from //workshoprms.wikispaces.com/ Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 [email protected]@science-i.com.

Pitcture from http://workshoprms.wikispaces.com/

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2010 [email protected]

CNS systemPart I

Supplemental instruction

________________

-A sheet of neural tissue that is outermost to the cerebrum of the

brain.

-Gray matter? White matter?

- 5 lobes: _______________________________

Cerebral cortex

Frontal, Parietal, Temporal, Occipital, & insula

Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2010 www.science-i.com

http://www.science-i.com/

A

B CD

F

E

GH

A: E:

B: F:

C: G:

D: H:

Frontal lobe

Temporal lobe

Parietal lobe

Occipital lobe

Insula!FiveFive paired lobes!

Gyri- elevatedSulci- grooves

Precentral gyrus

Postcentral gyrus

Central sulcus Cerebellar hemisphere

-Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe is involved in (motor control/sensory

input).

-Postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe receives (motor control/sensory input)

controlled by precentral gyrus



Temporal lobe

Occipital lobe

FiveFive paired lobes:Frontal, Temporal, Parietal, Insula, & occipital

___________ contains auditory centers; interpretation and association of auditory and visual information; Verbal memory

___________ is responsible for vision and coordination of eye movements.

___________ sensory and motor interpretation, speech, spatial interpretation, formulating words to express thoughts and emotions.

Parietal lobe



________ memory encoding, Sensory (principally pain) and visceral

integration, stress response; beneath and overlapping other lobes.

Insula

_________ Motor control of skeletal muscles; intellectual process

(concentration, planning, decision making). Verbal communication.

Frontal



_________________

-masses of cell bodies located deep inside cerebrum.

-Gray matter? White matter?

-control of voluntary movement.(skeletal muscle)

Basal Nuclei (Basal ganglia)Basal Nuclei (Basal ganglia)



_____________ :recorded from parietaland occipital lobes with person awake, relaxed, eyes closed.

_____________:response to visual stimuli

and mental activity.

_____________: Common during adult

sleep and in awake infants; In awake adult

indicates brain damage

_____________: Common in newborns

In adults indicates severe emotional stress

if present in adults, indicate stress.

________________________

Analysis of electrical activity in the

brain.

Electroencephalogram (EEG)

Alpha waves

Beta waves

Theta waves

Delta waves



A(green)

CWhat are the two structures crucial for emotions?

B

A: B:

C: D:

E:

Limbic system Hypothalalmus

Hippocampus

Limbic system & Hypothalamus work together.

Aggression fear feeding (satiety)

sex drive reward/punishment

Hypothalamus and limbic system are involved in the following feelings and behaviors:

1) 2) 3)

4) 5)

D

AmygdalaEThalamus



___________ -contains choroid plexus and pineal gland. ____________ secretes CSF. ____________ secretes melatonin

*Melatonin: involved in sleep cycle and seasonal reproduction.

________ -relay center to cerebrum all sensory information except smell alertness.-Role in level of arousal.

Thalamus

Hypothalalmus

Choose Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Epithalamus

Epithalamus

choroid plexuspineal gland

____________ -integrates nervous and endocrine systems(hormone).-contains neural centers for hunger, thirst, body temperature.



Memory! Memory! Memory!

____________

-New memories,learning-consolidating of short-term memory into long-term memory

Hippocampus

_________ is crucial for fear memories.Amygdala

_____________-Higher order processing and planningPrefrontal cortex



*Non-REM(sleep phase) has delta waves - Appears to be crucial for consolidation of short into long-term memory.

Just Extra for memory…..



Hemispheres communicate thru the

_______________. corpus callosum

AA: corpus callosum

-(Left/Right) hemisphere possesses language

and analytical abilities.

-(Left/Right) hemisphere is best at

visuospatial tasks(images)



A

B

C

Language! Language!

Damage to either causes an _______.

(speech impairment)

A:

B: C:Motor cortex(precentral gyrus)Broca’s area Wernicke’s area

___________motor coordination of speech; necessary for speech.Broca’s area

______________ is involved in language comprehension.Wernicke’s area

aphasia



Damage to Broca’s area Comprehension good; Speech is slow and difficult, but motor ability is not damaged.

Damage to _________________

Comprehension poor; Speech is fluent but

meaningless.

Wernicke’s area

“Hi!.... m..y…na….mee… is…….K…..i…m.”

“Hi! My socks are Kim. I want to color in to the football. You are sitting up English.” ?*(&*(&^^



______________ - involved in visual reflexes

______________- relay auditory information

_______________________- involved in motor coordination

MidbrainMidbrain-visual and auditory reflexes-connects with cerebrum and cerebellum- Superior colliculi, Inferior colliculi, Red nucleus , substantia nigra

Superior colliculi

Inferior colliculiRed nucleus and substantia nigra



______________ dopamine neurons degenerate in Parkinson’s

disease.

Substantia nigra


A

BC

Hindbrain

Contains______, _________,and _______

A: B:

C:

pons Medullar oblongata

Celebellum

__________ motor coordination; motor learning;

trained voluntary activity

__________ ataxia caused by damage to this area.

pons cerebellum medulla

cerebellum

cerebellum

__________ Includes two important respiratory control centerspons

________________ several crucial centers for breathing and

cardiovascular systems.

Medullar oblongata

Ataxia: Loss of the ability to coordinate muscular movement.


________________ -receives input from proprioceptors (joint, tendon and muscle receptors)-Involved in coordinating movements and motor learning.-trained voluntary activity

Cerebellar hemisphere(cerebellum)Cerebellar hemisphere(cerebellum)

Picture from http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/23/arts/dance/23rand.html , http://www.atassia.net/nazionale/iniziative/2007/GMA-07-1AISA-TOUR/index_gma07-ENG.htm

Performers in "AtaXia," a dance inspired

by a neurological disorder.

If damaged, causes _______.ataxia


http://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/23/arts/dance/23rand.html

http://www.atassia.net/nazionale/iniziative/2007/GMA-07-1AISA-TOUR/index_gma07-ENG.htm

A

B

-(Sensory info/Motoractivity) from body

travels to brain in (ascending/descending)

spinal tracts.

-(Sensory info/Motoractivity) from brain

travels to body in (ascending/descending)

tracts.

- Descending tracts are called

____________

A:

B:

Postcentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

Precentral gyrus of the cerebral cortex

Corticospinal (pyramidal) motor


_________ is a simple sensory input,

motor output circuit involving only

peripheral nerves and spinal cord.

Sometimes arc has an

association(interneuron).

-Involuntary

Reflex Arc

Knee-Reflex ___________- Sensory input and motor output.(w/o interneuron)


Withrawal ReflexWithrawal Reflex - protective


Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIPA)Congenital insensitivity to pain (CIPA)

conditions where a person cannot feel (and has never felt)

physical pain.

-untreatable disease

“Ashlyn Blocker, 5, must be

checked for scrapes and cuts

because she cannot feel pain.”

“World without pain is hell, parent says”

Teething has special complications

for a child with CIPA, like

accidental self-mutilation.


http://www.general-anaesthesia.com/index.html

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