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Task-work evolved on projects where the workers were Task-work evolved on projects where the workers were
subject to government regulations, which meant they could subject to government regulations, which meant they could
not be paid more than the prevailing government wage for a not be paid more than the prevailing government wage for a
day’s work.day’s work.
Some other incentive had to be provided. Setting a Some other incentive had to be provided. Setting a
realistic task, or amount of work to be completed for the day, realistic task, or amount of work to be completed for the day,
meant that workers could work as hard as they wanted and meant that workers could work as hard as they wanted and
then go home to do other things.then go home to do other things.
Tasks are generally set to be achievable in 70 per cent of Tasks are generally set to be achievable in 70 per cent of
the working day (a working day being assumed as a period of the working day (a working day being assumed as a period of
eight hours), but are often completed in 50 per cent of the eight hours), but are often completed in 50 per cent of the
working day (i.e. in four hours).working day (i.e. in four hours).
This approach has proved very successful in practice, This approach has proved very successful in practice,
often doubling the amount of work achieved in a day; and by often doubling the amount of work achieved in a day; and by
inference doubling the productivity of the individual worker, as inference doubling the productivity of the individual worker, as
well as halving the costs.well as halving the costs.
Work on the plantation consisted Work on the plantation consisted
primarily of task-work, that supposes a flat primarily of task-work, that supposes a flat
fee for a specific amount of work, whereas fee for a specific amount of work, whereas
time work was paid by the hour.time work was paid by the hour.
Work on the plantation consisted Work on the plantation consisted
primarily of task-work, that supposes a flat primarily of task-work, that supposes a flat
fee for a specific amount of work, whereas fee for a specific amount of work, whereas
time work was paid by the hour.time work was paid by the hour.
The use of task-work has previously been implemented in The use of task-work has previously been implemented in
the program for excavating activities. Task-work is the program for excavating activities. Task-work is
widespread, but not always used correctly. Standard task widespread, but not always used correctly. Standard task
tables are used by the brigade leaders skilled to set out task-tables are used by the brigade leaders skilled to set out task-
work.work.
The use of task-work has previously been implemented in The use of task-work has previously been implemented in
the program for excavating activities. Task-work is the program for excavating activities. Task-work is
widespread, but not always used correctly. Standard task widespread, but not always used correctly. Standard task
tables are used by the brigade leaders skilled to set out task-tables are used by the brigade leaders skilled to set out task-
work.work.
Tutwork is the work done by the piece, as Tutwork is the work done by the piece, as in nonmetalliferous rock, the amount done in nonmetalliferous rock, the amount done being usually reckoned by the fathom.being usually reckoned by the fathom.
Tutwork is the work done by the piece, as Tutwork is the work done by the piece, as in nonmetalliferous rock, the amount done in nonmetalliferous rock, the amount done being usually reckoned by the fathom.being usually reckoned by the fathom.
Remuneration on Result basisRemuneration on Result basis
Remuneration on Result basisRemuneration on Result basisRemuneration on Result basisRemuneration on Result basisAny system of payment of wage by which wages gets directly related with the outputAny system of payment of wage by which wages gets directly related with the output
(1) Only in respect of output, payment is made. (1) Only in respect of output, payment is made.
(2) More & more is produced & hence more earned by the efficient (2) More & more is produced & hence more earned by the efficient
workers. workers.
(3) More products are produced by the workers in their own interest so (3) More products are produced by the workers in their own interest so
that they can earn more, as a result more production & less supervision that they can earn more, as a result more production & less supervision
cost is there under this method.cost is there under this method.
(4) Idle time is not required to be paid. (4) Idle time is not required to be paid.
(5) Fixed overhead per unit is reduced by greater output. (5) Fixed overhead per unit is reduced by greater output.
(6) The method, on the basis of careful time study, helps setting up of (6) The method, on the basis of careful time study, helps setting up of
standards.standards.
(7) At the instance of more efficient workers, less efficient workers try to (7) At the instance of more efficient workers, less efficient workers try to
improve themselves.improve themselves.
(8) For enhancing earning, scopes are provided to the workers.(8) For enhancing earning, scopes are provided to the workers.
(1) The method will not be applicable in cases where measurement of (1) The method will not be applicable in cases where measurement of
output in terms of homogenous units cannot be done. output in terms of homogenous units cannot be done.
(2) There is a chance of quality of work to get deteriorated.(2) There is a chance of quality of work to get deteriorated.
(3) The chances of more scraps, defectives are there. (3) The chances of more scraps, defectives are there.
(4)More chances of machinery breakdown may be created by the speedy (4)More chances of machinery breakdown may be created by the speedy
production. production.
(5) As the workers overworked during early life, this may bring about (5) As the workers overworked during early life, this may bring about
fatigue early.fatigue early.
(6) Under this method, if there is no work, the workers will not get (6) Under this method, if there is no work, the workers will not get
anything unless a guaranteed day rate is there.anything unless a guaranteed day rate is there.
(7) If continuous work cannot be provided, chances of unrest are there. (7) If continuous work cannot be provided, chances of unrest are there.
(8) Much initial cost is involved as piece rate is fixed on scientific basis.(8) Much initial cost is involved as piece rate is fixed on scientific basis.
Time Rate SystemTime Rate SystemTime Rate SystemTime Rate System
Under this scheme, payment is made to a worker at a specified wage rate on the basis of his attendance Under this scheme, payment is made to a worker at a specified wage rate on the basis of his attendance
irrespective of his outturn.irrespective of his outturn.
The specified wage rate could be in terms of hour, day, week or month.The specified wage rate could be in terms of hour, day, week or month.
After the existing rate for similar employment in the area has been considered, the rate is fixed.After the existing rate for similar employment in the area has been considered, the rate is fixed.
The wage rate could be a consolidated one or it could be on a scale which starts from the minimum and The wage rate could be a consolidated one or it could be on a scale which starts from the minimum and
through increments at different stages, rises to the maximum.through increments at different stages, rises to the maximum.
At a particular stage of the scale, there may be imposition of efficiency check up.At a particular stage of the scale, there may be imposition of efficiency check up.
The system is also called time The system is also called time work system, day work system, work system, day work system,
day wage system, day rate day wage system, day rate system etc.system etc.
The system is also called time The system is also called time work system, day work system, work system, day work system,
day wage system, day rate day wage system, day rate system etc.system etc.
Time rate system is suitable in case of: Time rate system is suitable in case of:
Workers who are highly skilledWorkers who are highly skilled
Workers who are unskilled & traineesWorkers who are unskilled & trainees
When the work is beyond the control of the workerWhen the work is beyond the control of the worker
When on the output of the previous worker in the chain, the work is dependentWhen on the output of the previous worker in the chain, the work is dependent
When the work cannot be measured in terms of homogeneous unitsWhen the work cannot be measured in terms of homogeneous units
Close supervision is required for the jobClose supervision is required for the job
Work is of high quality & precision.Work is of high quality & precision.
If labour could be measured adequately in simple homogeneous units of time, such as labour-If labour could be measured adequately in simple homogeneous units of time, such as labour-
hours, the problems of economics would be considerably simplified.hours, the problems of economics would be considerably simplified.
But labourers differ in the amount and character of their training, in their degree of skill, But labourers differ in the amount and character of their training, in their degree of skill,
intelligence, and capacity to direct their own work or the work of others, and in the other special intelligence, and capacity to direct their own work or the work of others, and in the other special
aptitudes that they require.aptitudes that they require.
Apart from the circumstances that the mobility of labour is imperfect and that it cannot be Apart from the circumstances that the mobility of labour is imperfect and that it cannot be
transferred readily to the employments in which its products have the highest value, the wages transferred readily to the employments in which its products have the highest value, the wages
of different kinds of labour cannot be taken to be payments for larger or smaller “quantities of of different kinds of labour cannot be taken to be payments for larger or smaller “quantities of
labour.”labour.”
The price per unit of time that a particular kind of labour commands in the market depends not The price per unit of time that a particular kind of labour commands in the market depends not
only upon the technical efficiency of the labourer but also upon the demand for the particular only upon the technical efficiency of the labourer but also upon the demand for the particular
services that he is able to furnish, upon their relative scarcity, and upon the supply of other services that he is able to furnish, upon their relative scarcity, and upon the supply of other
productive agents. Thus, the attempts of the earlier economists and of some socialists to find a productive agents. Thus, the attempts of the earlier economists and of some socialists to find a
simple and direct relation between the value of a product and the quantity of labour that it simple and direct relation between the value of a product and the quantity of labour that it