Pidemiology of Animal Bites in Zarqa 2007

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Epidemiology Of Animal Bites In

Zarqa – Jordan 2007

Dr Ghazi Faisal SharkasJordan FETP

B.Majeed 1, S.Abdalla 2, R.Haddadin 3,M.Al-rashdan 4

1 CDC 2,3,4 Jordan MOH



Background

• Animal bites represent a major publichealth problem especially in developing

countries.• Dogs, cats, rodents and other animals are

incriminated.

• Bites can cause a wide range of tissuedamage and serious infection including

tetanus and rabies.



• According to WHO 10 million people arebitten by animals each year, of them50,000 die annually due to rabies.

• The incidence of animal bites in Jordan

had increased from 28.6 in 2003 to 50.8per 100,000 in 2007.

• Number of animals infected with rabies

also increased, fifty seven biting animalsmainly dogs were tested and foundpositive for rabies in 2007.



• A national campaign to control wild animalsand stray dogs was launched in Jordan in2007,and animal bites are included in the

surveillance system of the directorate ofcommunicable diseases.

• Despite strict control measures, one case of

human rabies occurred in Jordan in2007,which was the only case in the last 10years.



Cases of Animal Bite, Week, Jordan

Compared to the upper & lower threshold during the last 5 years

4 1

5 8

5 7

5 8

4 5 4

8 5 6 6

4 6 1

8 7

4 6

6 2

1 1

8

6 0

9 5

5 9

8

4

8 1

6 5

5 0

6 6

4 9

5 0

8 3

5 9

7 3

7 1

8 1 8

6

7 7

5 6

6 8

7 7

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0

1 1

1 2

1 3

1 4

1 5

1 6

1 7

1 8

1 9

2 0

2 1

2 2

2 3

2 4

2 5

2 6

2 7

2 8

2 9

3 0

3 1

3 2

3 3

3 4

3 5

3 6

3 7

3 8

3 9

4 0

4 1

4 2

4 3

4 4

4 5

4 6

4 7

4 8

4 9

5 0

5 1

5 2

C a s e s

Week

2009 Upper threshold Lower threshold 2008

Cumulative: 2191



Objectives

1. To estimate the incidence of animalbites in Zarqa governorate.

2. To explore the epidemiologic featuresof afflicted victims and bitecharacteristics.



Methodology

• This study was conducted in Zarqagovernorate, its population is about850,000and accounts for 15% of Jordan

population, with an area of 5300 squaredkilometers.

• In this cross sectional study we utilized

surveillance data of animal bites reportedto Zarqa health directorate in 2007.

• Epi info version 3.5.1 was used foranalysis.





Results



Animal bites in Zarqa 2007 by gender

Males

87%

Females

13%

Males

Females



Animal bites in Zarqa 2007 by age groups (years)

17%15% 15%

20%

33%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

0-9 10-19 20-29 30-39 40-100

Percent

Age range:2-82 years

Median age:17 years



Trend of animal bites in Zarqa by month of 2007

10

15

20

25

30

35

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Month

R e p o r t e d

c a s

e s



86%

8%3% 3%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%60%

70%

80%

90%

Dog Cat Rat Other

Kind of biting animal

Animal bites in Zarqa in 2007 by kind of biting animal

Percentage



Animal bites in Zarqa 2007 by site of bite

44%

36%

10%

4% 6%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

50%

Lower limbs Upper limbs Trunk Head&Face Other

Site of bite

R e p o r t e d c a s e s



Animal bites in Zarqa governorate by district in 2007

Rusaifa, 24%

Zarqa, 34%

Add uleel, 13%

Sukhneh, 8%

Other, 22%

District n ot reported, 3%

Zarqa

Rusaifa

AdduleelSukhneh

Other

District not reported



• Animal bites in Zarqa in 2007 accountedfor 8% of total bites in Jordan.

• Animal bites commonly occur in ruralregions, but in Zarqa about 60% of animal

bites were in urban regions possiblybecause 90% of Zarqa population lives inZarqa and Rusaifa cities.

• Most of bite victims were males, it seemsthat they stay more outside home ,and thatthey are more provocative to animals.



• Adolescents and young adults were moreaffected than children and elderly people.

• Sixty percent of bites occurred in spring andsummer (seasonality), probably because

people exist more outside home in thisperiod.

• Results of this study was consistent withother studies in that dogs are the main bitinganimals and that the lower limbs are the

mainly affected site.



Conclusion and

recommendations

• Animal bites are still a public health problem

in Jordan and demands extra efforts to becontrolled.

• The national campaign to get rid of straydogs should be thorough and continuous notto overlook stray dogs in urban regions.





Acknowledgements

Special thanks to :

• Dr Adel Belbeisi

• Dr Bassam Hijjawi

• Dr Ahmed Abu-Slieh• Dr Muhannad Nsour

• Dr Sami Sheikh

• Dr Nabil Hijjawi

• Zarqa health directorate• Mr. Bassam Jarrar

• Colleagues in Jordan FETP



THANK YOU

Pidemiology of Animal Bites in Zarqa 2007

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