Al zarqa river pollution causes, actions and revival ………rectangular of pollution

Al Zarqa River Pollution Causes, Actions And Revival ………Rectangular Of Pollution

Contents

1 Introduction

1.1 What is Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)

1.2 EIA History

1.3 The process of Environmental Impact Assessment

1.4 The objectives of the EIA

1.5 EIA provides

1.6 Environmental Management Systems(EMS)

2.Case studies

2.1 Ganga River

2.2 Eel River Dam

3. Study Methodology and Objectives

3.1 Study Methodology

3.2 Water in the world

3.3 Water in Jordan

3.4 Zarqa River

4. Study Area

4.1 About Zarqa River

4.2 The location of Zarqa River

4.3 The Importance of Zarqa River

4.4 Environmental Problems for Zarqa River

5 Study site

5.1 Al Hussein Thermal Power Station


5.2 Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company

5.3 Samra Electricity Station

5.4 Samra Water Treatment Plant

6. Our Recommendation

Zarqa River Authority

Non-Governmental Organization

7. References


1.1 Environmental Impact Assessment )EIA(

EIA is the subject of an environmental impact assessment of the latest

environmental studies in the present era

Address the environmental impacts of various development activities

practiced by human

These studies aimed at determining the outcome of this intervention in the

natural order, both environmental and cultural for minimize the negative

effects as much as possible promote the positive effects.

EIA is the formal process used to predict the environmental consequences

(positive or negative) of a plan, policy, program, or project prior to the

decision to move forward with the proposed action.

It defines an environmental impact assessment as a "structured analysis of the

environmental impacts of a project to minimize the negative impacts and

encourage positive indicators." And it is necessary for Development Planning

Formal impact assessments may be governed by rules of administrative

procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision

making, and may be subject to judicial review.

An impact assessment may propose measures to adjust impacts to acceptable

levels or to investigate new technological solutions.

It can be classified as environmental impacts to:

Direct and rapid effects occur directly when doing the project.

Indirect effects (cumulative) occur as outputs of this project. Usually easy to

measure the immediate effects, while difficult to measure the indirect effects.

In most cases, the cumulative effects of indirect be more dangerous than the initial

direct effects


Formal impact assessments may be governed by rules of administrative

procedure regarding public participation and documentation of decision

making, and may be subject to judicial review.

An impact assessment may propose measures to adjust impacts to acceptable

levels or to investigate new technological solutions.

It can be classified as environmental impacts to:

1. Direct and rapid effects occur directly when doing the project.

2. Indirect effects (cumulative) occur as outputs of this project. Usually easy to

measure the immediate effects, while difficult to measure the indirect effects.

In most cases, the cumulative effects of indirect be more dangerous than the initial

direct effects

Systematic environmental assessment and considered part of the planning and

decision-making process on interference in the activity of the proposed

development projects.

Based on the environmental impacts of the project the decision is made either

to the implementation of the project or stop the project or amended, and

that whether a government project or private

The process of assessing the environmental effects have evolved even

included all technical, economic, social, political and cultural aspects and in

conjunction with the direction of development projects towards

sustainability.

In these projects it must take into account the environmental, such as,

environmental pollution which has caused the project and the process of

waste disposal and waste treatment and also the relationship of the project to

natural resources such as water, electricity, and thus see how much the

project needs of these resources and to what extent will be the impact on

natural resources and facilities residential and adjacent vital or in its

surroundings.

1.2 EIA History

Environmental impact assessments commenced in the 1960s, as part of

increasing environmental awareness.


EIAs involved a technical evaluation intended to contribute to more objective

decision making.

In the United States, environmental impact assessments obtained formal

status in 1969, with enactment of the National Environmental Policy Act.

EIAs have been used increasingly around the world. The number of

"Environmental Assessments" filed every year "has vastly overtaken the

number of more rigorous Environmental Impact Statements (EIS).

1.3 The process of Environmental Impact Assessment are:

Demonstrate environmental impact EIA.

Options and application of alternatives to achieve the effects.

Control elements of the project and its environment after application

options.

Put the expectations of the likely effects of the future.

Suggest some solutions to the expected effects.

A report for decision-makers.

This subject has become of growing interest at the global level, where all the

international organizations recommend using the environmental impact of

development projects in the various evaluation studies and so as to maintain a

sustainable development.

It highlights the importance of environmental impact as effective in

protecting the environment evaluation, and a beacon in the hands of

decision-makers and planners, in order to develop scenarios based upon the

development process

1.4 The objectives of the EIA

Ensure the protection of the environment and natural resources and

conservation, including aspects related to human health.


Achieve a degree of continuous monitoring and environmental monitoring

for development projects to ensure the environmentally security

Improve the industry and decision-making process through the vision and

clarify the environmental negative returns, especially to help them in making

decisions and appropriate actions

Find some kind of balance between the environment and development

projects to achieve the common interest and mutual between them

Ensure economic hydration meet the needs of present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their needs

1.5 EIA provides

1. Modify the design and improvement

2. Ensure the efficient use of resources

3. Strengthen the social aspects

4. Identifying negative impacts and how to mitigate them

5. The provision of information for decision-makers

6. Avoid the destruction of the environment

7. Provide protection for human health


EMS refers to the management of an organization's environmental programs in a

comprehensive, systematic, planned and documented manner.

It includes the organizational structure, planning and resources for developing,

implementing and maintaining policy for environmental protection.

It’s a system and database which integrates procedures and processes for

training of personnel, monitoring, summarizing, and reporting of specialized

environmental performance information

The goals of EMS are to increase compliance and reduce waste



Waste reduction goes beyond compliance to reduce environmental impact. Waste

reduction begins at the design phase through pollution prevention and waste

minimization. At the end of the life cycle, waste is reduced by recycling.

Serves as a tool, or process, to improve environmental performance and

information mainly "design, pollution control and waste minimization, training,

reporting to top management, and the setting of goals“

Successful companies today are not only measured by how much profitable their

products are but also how well they respond to the call to protect the natural

environment

Everyone is responsible: Every member of the organization takes full

responsibility for his or her own action and works hard to make sure that EMS is

fully implemented


Plan what you’re going to do

Do what you planned to do

Check to ensure that you did what you planned

Act to make improvements.


2.Case studies

Ganga River

Eel River Dam

2.1 About Ganga River

Location Uttarakhand, India

Length 2,525 km (1,569 mi)

It flows through the nations of India and Bangladesh.

The 2,525 km (1,569 mi) river rises in the western Himalayas in the

Indian state of Uttarakhand, and flows south and east through the Gangetic

Plain of North India into Bangladesh, where it empties into the Bay of

Bengal.

The Ganga is the largest river in India with an extraordinary religious

importance for Hindus.

Serving an estimated population of 500 million people or more, which is

larger than any other river in the world.

It is considered to be the fifth most polluted river in the world

2.1 About Ganga River


2.1 The River importance

The densely populated Ganga basin is inhabited by 37 per cent of

India's population. The entire Ganga basin system effectively drains

eight states of India. About 47 per cent of the total irrigated area in

India is located in the Ganga basin alone. It has been a major source of

navigation and communication since ancient times. The Indo-Gangetic

plain has witnessed the blossoming of India's great creative talent.

2.1 Pollution Causes

The main causes are the increase in the population density, the enhanced

per capita pollutants discharged to the river and the meager dry season water

flows in the river due to upstream uses.

Human waste : A large proportion of the waste in the Ganges is from this

population through domestic usage like bathing, laundry and public defecation

Industrial waste : Industrial effluents are about 12% of the total volume

of effluent reaching the Ganges. Although a relatively low proportion, they

are a cause for major concern because they are often toxic and non-

biodegradable

Religious events: During festival seasons, over 70 million people bathe

in the Ganges over a few weeks to clean themselves from their past sins. Some

materials like food, waste or leaves are left in the Ganges for ritualistic

reasons.

2.1 Pollution Causes

1. Domestic and industrial wastes.

2. Solid garbage thrown directly into the river

3. Non-point sources of pollution from agricultural run-off containing residues

of harmful pesticides and fertilizers.

4. Animal carcasses and half-burned and unburned human corpses thrown into

the river


5. Defecation on the banks by the low-income people

6. Mass bathing and ritualistic practices

2.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment for the Removal

of the Eel River Dam

Environmental Assessment Methods

The EIA evaluated the Decommissioning or removal of the Eel River dam,

including the earthern dyke, concrete water control structure, and

ancillary infrastructure (e.g., fish passage facilities) in consideration of the

following Project Objectives:

a long-term solution to fish passage;

the establishment of conditions that lead to the natural re-establishment of

salt marsh wetlands upstream of the current dam location; and

improvement of habitat for soft-shelled clams and other shellfish upstream

and downstream of the dam.

1. Confederations

2. Bathymetry

3. Geomorphology

4. Flooding

5. Atmospheric Environment

6. Climate

7. Air Quality

8. Sound Quality

9. soil Quality

10. Fish Habitat and Fish

11. Water Quality


2.2 The Environmental Impact Assessment for

the Removal of the Eel River Dam

The Project will result in significant environmental effects that may be

positive on the following components:

1. Wetlands

2. Vegetation

3. Migratory Birds 4. Vessel Navigation

Current Use of Land and Resources for Traditional Purposes by Aboriginal

Persons

1. Tourism 2. Recreation

3. Labor and Economy

4. Bacteriological Environment.

the Project will result in positive environmental effects on Fish Habitat and

Fish.

The Project will rectify the fish passage issue, and thus the fish passage

Project Objective will be achieved.

All of the current water quality concerns and sediment quality issues will

be rectified. Soft-shelled clam stocks will have the opportunity to replenish

and the Project Objective of improving habitat for clams and other

shellfish will be met.


The Case Study

Al Zarqa River Pollution Causes, Actions and

Revival

Save The Future Do It Now

Environmental Impact Assessment


3. Study Methodology and Objectives

3.1 Study Methodology

Introduction

The need for the project

Project Description

Description of affected environment : Elements, Explanation

Environmental monitoring to be followed

3.2 Study Objectives

Water is the source of life.

It covers 70% of the Earth. But only small portion of this precious natural

resource is fit for human consumption. Out of the earth’s total water, 97%

is stored in oceans which is not fit for human consumption. The further

3% is stored in various sources like rivers, lakes, and under-ground

aquifers.

Jordan world’s second water-poorest country

Jordan now ranks as the world’s second water-poorest country, where

water per capita is 88 per cent below the international water poverty line

of 1,000 cubic meters annually. “Jordan is living a water crisis and a huge

challenge due to the limited resources, as water per capita share is less than

1,200 cubic meters of water annually, while water per capita share in

neighboring and regional countries exceeds 1,250 cubic meters annually,”

Nasser underscored.*

*(Source. Jordan Times, Oct 22,2014)



Water in Jordan

Water use per capita in is among the lowest in the world (150 Cubic

Meter per capita (CMC)

Water poverty of 1,000 cubic meters per person per year limit

Jordan's per capita share of water of 50 m 3 per year

It decreased with the presence of refugees to 120 cubic meters per year

By the year 2025, if current trends continue, per capita water supply will

fall from the current 200 cubic meters per person to only 91 cubic meters

Kingdom rank 7 of the poorest Arab countries in the region to contain the

quality of those waters

Department of Statistics Jordan irbid


Water in Jordan

World water per capita.* the shares of water in Jordan.**

* The source. Ministry of Water and Irrigation, HKJ

**The Office the Geography and Environment Jordan Amman



Al Zarqa river is a potential area in Jordan and with reference to water

poverty and the complication of the river pollution which pass through three

governmental major cities in Jordan and at the end discharge its polluted

water in the king Talal dam with capacity of 83mcm we want to concentrate

on the idea of the causes actions and revival of the river water and put some

recommendation to solve the problem for us and for the next generations.

The rehabilitation of Zarqa River will be part of the water solution in Jordan

as it’s the third river in Jordan

Wastewater is becoming a resource for agriculture gradually replacing

freshwater.

4.1 About Zarqa River


The location of al Zarqa river

The location of al Zarqa river

4.2 The location of Zarqa River

Zarqa River Basin extends from the Syrian border in the North of Jordan

to south of Amman and westward toward the Jordan Rift valley.

The entire basin encompasses approximately 4,154 square kilometers, of

which 3,739 sq km are within Jordan.

It is the second largest tributary of the lower Jordan River, after the

Yarmouk River and the third largest river in the region by annual

discharge


The location of Al Zarqa River


The catchment area of Zarqa River.


Historical Background

AL Zarqa River



4.3 The Importance of Zarqa River Historical Background

Impact Event Year

The geological origins of the Zarqa River

30 million years

All early settlements started around river banks Ain Ghazal the earliest known human settlements.

7200 BCE

They settlement around Zarqa River banks Chechen immigrants

1858-1905

The population grew rapidly with an influx of Palestinian refugees

1. Agricultural 2. Industrial 3. Commercial sectors prospered due to construction of

I. industries roads leading to other governorates II. borders with neighboring Arab countries

The immigration of Palestinian

1950 to 1980

Radical changes in the environmental and natural patterns I. The deep aquifer water exploitation for potable water for

agricultural and industrial purposes. II. The destruction of the natural forests adjacent to the river.

III. The discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater to the river to an extent that makes rehabilitation difficult and costly

Increasing in the population

1980 to 1990

The start of the Environmental awareness in Jordan The establish of The Environmental Ministry

1996

The population of Jordan increased rabidly as 10% of the Jordanian population at that time

The return of Jordanian from Kuwait

1990

The river pollution is under controlled by the authorities statements (We think there is no control for the pollution after the study and the observation for the area )

50% of the population of the country

70% of the industrial activities

Presents situation



Social economical aspects

Ain Ghazal is one of the earliest known human settlements with evidence

of domesticated animals

Zarqa, Jordan's second largest city, is built on the banks of the Zarqa

River, and is the largest settlement along its course. The town of Zarqa

was founded in 1902 by Chechen immigrants. Its population grew rapidly

with an influx of Palestinian refugees who fled the West bank during the

Six-day war.

The Zarqa River also flows through Jerash. Inhabited since the Bronze

Age, Jerash was an important Greco-Roman city

The Zarqa river basin is considered the most important basin in Jordan:

1. 50% of the population of the country reside on it.

2. 70% of the industrial activities and has witnessed a sudden expansion in

urban development such as building, roads, new universities, scattered

urban centers and other infrastructure.


Because of its importance, the basin has gone under different studies by

local and international organizations as well as the interest of many

agencies from donating countries such as USAID, EU, JICA and GTZ.

The number of civil societies and NGOs as well as their opinion is growing

with regards to the protection of the environment and the natural

To evaluate the real impact of the small industries and services, a special

focus was

given to the areas adjacent to banks of the river and its tributaries.

The ministries and agencies place the Zarqa River as the top of the national

agenda to find sustainable and effective strategic solutions to stop and

minimize the impacts of pollution leading to the river and to restore the

river.


ENVIRONMENTALLY BLACK SPOTS" IN JORDAN

Al Zarqa River



1. Damping illegally wastewater

2. small industries(industrial and services sector waste discharges)

3. Reduced base flow and water problem

4. Agricultural Activities beside the Zarqa River

5. High population in the area, damping solid waste

The main Environmental Problems for Zarqa River

Damping illegally wastewater

Cause Sewage flows untreated directly into the river through dry

riverbeds (wadis)

Resulted in the pollution of the river and create a smell

1. Despite the construction of sewage treatment plants in a few locations

Cause these stations often received more contaminated water

which cannot be deal with it.

Resulted the plant can’t handle the big amount so they discharge it

illegally in the water half treated or without treatment

2. Damping poison material to the river which

Cause no supervision from the municipality and its high cost to

damp it in the right way

Resulted hazard disease for human and life

1. sewer line leaks( manhole damage)

2. overflow from sewers manholes

The presence of a large number of sewage

flowing into the exits without serious

control of successive governments.


Agricultural Activities beside the Zarqa River

1. Cause Over pumping of groundwater for agriculture

Resulted low storing in the underground level which create dry

wells

2. farming irrigation/fertilizing/pesticide practices.

Cause no regulation no fesses no control

Resulted high polluted water and soil with chemical material and

poison unfair exploitation of water

3. Desertification.

Cause up use for land and water

Resulted pure land for agriculture and high average of salt in the

soil and water

1. It deteriorated the quality of groundwater and surface water as a result of

the depletion of aquifers for domestic, agricultural


High population in the area, damping solid waste

Cause no control on the immigration to the area (political reasons)

Resulted low storing in the underground level which create dry

wells

Bedouin stability (localization) which results

Cause no regulation cultural issues should be taken in

confederation.

Resulted in the excessive livestock grazing in a certain area

1. Land holdings:

Cause no clear regulation.

Resulted on the abolition of group family land holdings to take

advantage of the emergence of privately owned land unsustainable

and unjust rights of pastoralists in the region

Illegal waste Sites near Zarqa West Pump Station

Household waste: 435,000 to 465,000 tons/year

Commercial waste: 29,000 to 36,500 tons/year


Reduced base flow and water problem.

Most important problems Issue

- Difficulties in law enforcement

- Competition among sectors

- Lack of public awareness and extension programs

- No single responsible authority

Water Management

- High demand compared to supply

- Industrial activities and absence of cropping pattern and appropriate land use

Water Demand

- Over abstraction compared to safe yield

- Climate change and rainfall variability

Water supply

- Deterioration of groundwater quality due to over abstraction

- Overgrazing and unsupervised agricultural activities

- Industrial pollution and solid wastes

Water Quality


Section of Zarqa River after Zarqa West Pump Station


1. Dumping of industrial wastes

Cause Industries in the Study Area cover a wide range of sectors,

including food, chemicals, construction, textiles, leather, pulp and

paper, the medical sector and Jordan’s main petroleum refinery.

Resulted Surface and groundwater resources pollution caused by

wastewater.

2. chemical or paint factory discharges

Cause no governmental control and no public awareness

Resulted extreme damage for ground and underground water

3. 70 factories is on the side of the river

Cause no clear regulation for environmental issues for the factories

Resulted

environmental catastrophes.

sever and fatal diseases.

Number of industry Wastewater Disposal/end use

1 evaporation

4 irrigation

14 reuse

26 Discharge to public sewage

25 Transport to disposal

1 No information

71 total


Locations of Industries Within on the river(71 factories)



Industrial Wastewater

At present there are no organized facilities for the central treatment of

industrial wastes.

Some industries are permitted to discharge their wastewater to the

municipal sewer systems, either untreated or after pretreatment, others

recycle their effluent for on-site irrigation purposes.

Some industries dispose of their wastewater by tanker truck, and may

sometimes discharge it in nearby valleys. The discharging of industrial

wastewater to valleys has resulted in pollution of the surface and

groundwater resources in the Zarqa River Basin.

The Environmental Protection Law No 52 for 2006 provides the MoE

with the legal support to close down factories that do not comply with the

national standards for wastewater discharges.

Industrial illegal wastewater discharges


The factories daily amount of waste water and polluted amount

Average daily wastewater flow and pollution concentration from industry

Average daily wastewater flow and pollution concentration from

interested industry with high organic content.


The chemicals names for the polluted elements in the industrial wastewater biochemical reactions (BOD) Total dissolved solids (TDS) Oxidizable chemicals (COD) Total suspended solids (TSS) non-filterable residue (NFR) Total suspended solids (TSS)

We see from this number that there is a huge amount of pollution and poisoned material in the industry wastewater discharges which they through it illegally in the river water which causes a severe pollution for the water people agriculture and even visual pollution.

illegal dumping of solid waste


How to control river pollution?

Controlling river pollution is in our own interest.

As citizens of Jordan we have to protect our environment.

Similarly, the government also has a duty to protect the environment for the

welfare of its citizens.

There are many ways we can protect the river from pollution.

Some immediate ways to control pollution are:

Industries should install machineries to remove contaminants from their

wastewater.

One way to do so is installation of Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP).

This way we can control pollution at the source itself.

The towns and cities should also have facilities to clean the sewage. All

towns and cities must have Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) that clean up

the sewage.

Farmers should give up chemicals and pesticides in farming and should

instead adopt organic methods of farming thus reducing chemical pollution

of rivers.

Proper drainage and sewage systems should be adopted that will not allow

the polluted water to mix with river water.

Recommendations

Implement comprehensive monitoring and enforcement programs from

Greater Amman Municipality, WAJ, MOH, MOE, Police Rangers, Zarqa

Municipality, Ruseifa Municipality and Hashemiyeh Municipality to ensure

the success of plan for the recovery of Zarqa River.

Enforce environmental regulations and standards.

Define the responsibility for environmental management of Zarqa River to

avoid the duplication, Update the environmental legislation, standards and

review of the sector policy to avoid duplication of efforts.


5.Rectangular of pollution on Al Zarqa River

considered the most polluted area in the river

Study site: Al-Hashmyah town, Zarqa

• Al Hussein Thermal Power Station

• Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company

• Samra Electricity Station

• Samra Water Treatment Plant

How the rectangular of pollution polluted

al Zarqa river.


5.1 Study site

Al Hashimeya.

Inhabited by nearly 70 thousand people

East of Amman It is bounded by Longitude 36° 04′ to9º 09′ east and

Latitude 32º 04′ to 32 10 north.

Climate is a semi-arid Mediterranean. Hot and dry conditions in summer

Lack of rain in winter. The average annual rate rainfall is 142 mm.

This town is the most polluted city in Jordan specially on Al Zarqa river.

The water pollution has resulted from many factories and companies in the

area .

Potential water pollution sources include,

Rectangular of pollution on Al Zarqa River

considered the most polluted area in the river

Samra Water Treatment Plant.

Samra Electricity Station

Al Hussein Thermal Power Station

Petroleum Refinery

And every one of these has a different impact on water quality.


Location map

Map for Al Zarqa River group work


Google earth group work

Map for Al Zarqa River (rectangular of pollution) group work





It was established in 1974

The station use heavy fuel oil and water as feedstock in the electric power

generation.It provide about Kingdom (95%) of the energy

Sources of pollution

It burn (600) thousand tons of heavy fuel oil annually.

It contains a (53%) of sulfur

It raises (96) tons of sulfur dioxide a day in the air

It raises nitrogen oxides and carbon harmful to the environment .

It discharge high percentage of salts waste water resulting from the water

used in the production of electricity

It increase the salt in the river and in the groundwater

Source ,Ad-Dustour Newspaper . Number 17263-date 7th of august 2015


pollution from SOx, H2S, CO, CO2

NOx, and particulate emission.

groundwater pollutants are sulphates and chlorides from acids, and sodium

from caustic

soda used for regeneration.

It will lead to negative influences

on the environment due to SO and nitrogen-bearing emissions during

combustion.

The residual (tailings) and ashes might cause groundwater contamination if

not disposed of in safe places.

Source, National Environment Strategy For Jordan A Resource Book of Information and Guidelines

for Action, Ministry of Municipal & Rural Affairs & the Environment Department of Environment

IUCN – The World Conservation Union





It is a national company

It was established in 1956

It began production in 1960

It produce energy oil & mineral oils.

o Sources of pollution

it burned (200) thousand tons of heavy fuel oil annually,

which means put (33) thousand tons of sulfur dioxide a day,

It release

nitrogen oxides

carbon

hydrocarbons volatile

Wastewater

Solid waste

Part of the waste illegally through in the river

The other part they send it to samara purification.

Source, Ad-Dustour Newspaper . Number 17263-date 7th of august 2015



is refining basic oil,

storing, importing and distributing petroleum products.

They use heavy equipment and machinery, consumes chemicals and burns

fuel in process units, heaters and boilers as a source of energy.

As with other heavy industries

some pollutants in gas, liquid and solid

forms are produced, as a result of different

processing activities, Noise from heavy equipment and

rotating machinery is another pollution problem.

• Air pollution, Which causes acid rain

• Waste-water pollution.

• Spent lube oil.

• Solid and liquid wastes.

• Potentially hazardous health effects.

• Alteration of land.

Destroy underground water.

Pollution from illegal discharge for wastewater from

Petroleum Refinery


Oil illegal discharge in the river from Jordan

Petroleum Refinery Company Source, Google earth group work



Zarqa River pollution from the Petroleum Refinery source(Al

Hashimiya Municipality )

5.2 Law cases against Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company


In 05/03/2014 strange smell came from the Brigade of Jordan Petroleum

Refinery Company where citizens gathered in front of Al Hashemite health

center

Wasfee al Zyoud vice president of Al Hashimeye Contact the ministers of

environment and health to inform them of the situation

the Hashemite and the health center was closed faces citizens.

Prompting the police to connect to the environment, civil defense and

transport the injured to the Al Zarqa hospital which gave tem medical

reports that they inhaled sulfur gas.

Medical reports and pollution unprecedented in Al Hashimeyah

Saturday 0.24 2 December / January 2015 14:32 al Sabeel newspaper

2.5 Jordan Petroleum Refinery Company case on

05/03/2014





Samra founded a company to generate electricity Private Shareholding by

the Government of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1997

The company is wholly owned by the Government, with a capital value of

fifty one million Jordanian dinars.


5.3 According to the Samra Electricity Station

Safety and the environment

Occupational Health, Safety and Environment (HSE):

The company adopts a system of labor administration operations based

on the built-in system operations based on the application of the

requirements of international standards framed for the management of

quality, environment and occupational health and safety ISO9001-

ISO14001-OHSAS18001. As a result of the effective operations of the

system built application (ISO9001-ISO14001-OHSAS18001) and after

external auditing company SGS Samra company has got to generate

certificates Alkahrabaaly three specifications in October 2012.

As a result of the efforts of all stakeholders it has been registered for

the first phase of "300 MW combined cycle project" to the United

Nations (Ref. 4958) under the umbrella of the

Clean Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce global

warming from greenhouse gas emissions.

This project is aimed at reducing the emission of about 300,000 tons

per year of carbon dioxide equivalent as the second largest recorded

project in Jordan. And that as a result of the fluctuation and

interruption of the supply of Egyptian gas to the Kingdom as a result of

the bombing of the Egyptian gas line many times, the company's

project returns within the clean development mechanism had been

delayed until the return of natural gas.

http://www.sepco.com.jo -Samra Electricity Station


5.3 Clear conflict what is the truth

Regarding to the Samra Electricity Station they got

1. management of quality, environment and occupational health and safety

ISO9001-ISO14001-OHSAS18001

the United Nations (Ref. 4958) under the umbrella of the Clean

Development Mechanism of the Kyoto Protocol to reduce global warming

from greenhouse gas emissions.

All of this disease.

Death.

Environmental vandalism

River and city distortion.

Documentation.

now they tell you they got ISO & OHSAS

5.3 Summery for the situation

Samra Electricity Station

Al Hussein Thermal Power Station

petroleum refinery

This three big industrial project are very important for Jordan industry

and income but they are highly polluted.

They causes different kinds of poison gases which causes

1. Potentially hazardous health effects.

2. Acidic rain which destroy the river water and agriculture

They have highly polluted wastewater(solid & liquid) which causes.

1. Pollution for the river water

2. It will increase the pressure on Samara WWTP.

3. Sever environmental problems.

They illegally discharge their industrial wastewater in the river

They send the rest of the wastewater to Samra WWTP which will

causes the following


5.4 Samra Water Treatment Plant.


5.5 Pipe lines to Samra WWTP



5.4 Samra Water Treatment Plant

Samra Wastewater Treatment Plant Jordan (Report)


biochemical reactions (BOD) الحيوي الممتصاألكسجين

Total dissolved solids (TDS) المواد السامة الصلبة المذابة

Oxidizable chemicals (COD) األكسجين الكيميائي المواد العضوية نسبة المستهلك

تحتوي على مركبات سامة للحياة البيولوجية

Total suspended solids (TSS) مجموع المواد الصلبة العالقة

non-filterable residue (NFR) بقايا غير قابلة للتصفية

Total suspended solids (TSS) مجموع المواد الصلبة العالقة

Table 1-2SAMRA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT JORDAN (report) (Barjenbruch

and Alzboon, 2008; As’ad, 2006).

دار الكتب العلمي -الصرف الصناعيمعالجة مياه -أحمد السروى: المرجع

Table 2 predicated water

Table 1 raw material waste water


5.4 Waste water properties

The average daily inflow to the plant is

156746 m3/d in 1997

224175 m3/d in 2006

which equals more than 330% of the average designed flow.

The daily BOD5 loads are about 129 tons/d;

equal to a 163% loading increase compared to the design criteria.

The total suspended solid load is

42.02 tons/d in 1986

100 tons/d in 2003

42 tons/d plant design criteria.

The overflow rate in addition to the high organic load cause significant

deterioration in the plant efficiency



5.4 What Is The Truth

The political reason for the pollution is the lake of financial resources

The real issues that there is a big financial grand for Samra wastewater treatment

plant

The question is

If we have this continues Grand why we have this pollution problem.

Samra wastewater treatment plant Jordan repot


5.4 Wells Locations Relative to As-Samra WWTP

Wells name .Petroleum Refinery WS-1 … Al-Oleimat WS-2… AlHussein

Thermal PlantWS-3…AL hasimiya WS-4

Fayad AzyodWS-5… Faisal AdogmyWS-6…Pipsi industrY WS-7… Nezar

Sha'sha'Aws-8…Paper industryWS-9

AlHashimiya WS-11… Fares Al-MoasherWS-12… Khalaf Al- MfaddiWS-13…

Khalaf Salman WS-14…TahaWS-15

Abu-RiyadWS-16… Al-Baghal WS-17.

source : ESIA for the expansion of as-samra wastewater treatment plant

Illustration (group work)

groundwater wells monitored and documented by RSS for (March 2009 – February 2010-

20111) annual averages


(1) Testing Waste Water for Fecal Coliforms and/or E.coli using Colilert® and Colilert®-18 &

Quanti-Tray® Gil Dichter World Wide Technical Support Manager, Water www.idexx.com/water

(2) http://www.ei.lehigh.edu - ENVIRO SCI INQUARY

(3) Water for livestock: interpreting water quality tests April 2014, Primefact 533, second edition Dr

Greg Curran, Senior Regional Animal Health Manager – Western Division Animal & Plant Biosecurity,

Broken Hill

(4) http://www.livestrong.com/

source : ESIA for the expansion of as-samra wastewater treatment plant Illustration (group work)

(1) Testing Waste Water for Fecal Coliforms and/or E.coli using Colilert® and Colilert®-18 &

Quanti-Tray® Gil Dichter World Wide Technical Support Manager, Water www.idexx.com/water


(3) Water for livestock: interpreting water quality tests April 2014, Primefact 533, second edition Dr

Greg Curran, Senior Regional Animal Health Manager – Western Division Animal & Plant Biosecurity,

Broken Hill

http://www.idexx.com/water

http://www.idexx.com/water


High temperature from pollution increase fly numbers

The polluted water caused high water

Temperature which increase very fast the

number of fly

around 15 % of flies from sludge source at

As-Samra WWTP will reach residential areas.

These flies will interact with the already existing fly population in such areas.

I think As-Samra WWTP should have mitigation plan: actions against insects and

take care about affected people.

ESIA for the expansion of as-samra wastewater treatment plant



Our Recommendation Zarqa River Authority

6. Our recommendation

We wish one day it will be reality.

We want to establish Zarqa River Authority

The purpose of foundation “Zarqa River Authority” is the conflict between all

the municipality in Amman, Zarqa and Jarsh and the Minster of

Environment .

The “Zarqa River Authority” will be responsible in front of communities and

both public and privet sectors

There are funds for the rivers and still no programs or actions for the River

problems

The River issues is a part of the community participation and awareness for

those issues

Zarqa River Authority It’s an independent authority will be in charge of Zarqa River

that flows through (Amman, Zarqa and Jarsh) , and has a

administrative, controlling put laws and monitoring over the

River, the activates around the river banks and over it’s Basins

Located in Zarqa city

Stockholders :

1. The local community in (Zarqa,Amman and Jarash)

2. Minister of Water and Irrigation.

3. Minster of Environment

4. Public and privet sector

5. The factories and intuitions around the river banks

6. The Royal Society for the Protection of Environment

7. Royal Society for the Protection of Nature


Authority areas : The River and it’s banks as it shown in map (1)

The location of Zarqa River Authority map1

Zarqa River Authority

The right to observe the activity's around the river banks and

punish the contrary.

The right to questions the Minster of Environment and to

observe its work about the River


Any new project will have to take It’s approval for

construction after giving EIA for the project

All Factories should have treatment for there west water

All factories should have wells for the treated west water

All factories should have air filtrations

All the factories should make regular maintenance and the

Authority will observe the factories’ conditions

Punishment for any one who don’t follow the regulation

There will be fine for any one who don’t follow the

regulation .

1. The factory will be given a first warning for the first time and

pay a fine (1000-10.0000 ) JD

2. After the second warning the factory will be shut down (1 -12)

months

3. After the third warning the factory will be should down until

founding a solutions for all the problems

Any factory will use solar power, recycling and water recycling

will be reduce the registration fesses

Every year any factory had no fines will be given a reduce from

registration fesses

o Non-Governmental Organization

o Establishing a non-governmental organization from

volunteers and local society that :

Helping cleaning the river

Monitoring the river

Hot-line for complaining

An office in the Authority for the organization

Guidance and awareness sessions in Environmental issues for

schools, universities and local communities

How should non-governmental organization and us contribute

to make the rivers clean?

It is our duty to protect our environment.

An individual effort may not be sufficient to clean our rivers,


but when all of us contribute towards this goal it becomes a big

effort.

Thus it can help in cleaning up our rivers.

There are many ways you can contribute towards a clean river

in your locality:

1. Promoting communities participation in local river cleaning up

2. Organizing awareness programs and meetings on the river

pollution and its threats

3. Distribution of literature on the causes and ill effects of river

pollution

4. Talking to our family and friends for spreading awareness on

the importance of good water quality and clean a rivers.


7. References

Gideon, Raja 1991 The Potential Impact of Industrial Wastes on Water

Resources in Amman-Zarqa Basin. Proceedings of the Second Environmental

Pollution Symposium, 1990, Friederich Ebert Stiftung Goethe-Institut,

Amman Water Research and Study Center. University of Jordan, Amman.

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY FOR JORDAN A Resource Book of

Information and Guidelines for Action, Ministry of Municipal & Rural

Affairs & the Environment Department of Environment IUCN – The World

Conservation Union

Ad-Dustour Newspaper . Number 17263-date 7th of august 2015

تقييم تأثيرات التنمية“Development impact assessment” أبو ;لـِبورشيل، روبرت و

.[ مترجم] عربيات، محمد عبد المجيد ;.[مترجم] عنزة، ناصر محمد

NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY FOR JORDAN A Resource Book of

Information and Guidelines for Action, Ministry of Municipal & Rural

Affairs & the Environment Department of Environment IUCN – The World

Conservation Union

Zarqa River pollution from the Petroleum Refinery source(Al Hashimiya

Municipality )

http://www.sepco.com.jo/ Samara Electricity Station

دار الكتب العلمية -معالجة مياه الصرف الصناعي -أحمد السروى: المرجع

Table 1-2SAMRA WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT JORDAN (report)

*(Barjenbruch and Alzboon, 2008; As’ad, 2006).

ESIA for the expansion of as-samra wastewater treatment plant

(1) Testing Waste Water for Fecal Coliforms and/or E.coli using Colilert®

and Colilert®-18 & Quanti-Tray® Gil Dichter World Wide Technical

Support Manager, Water www.idexx.com/water


(3) Water for livestock: interpreting water quality tests April 2014,

Primefact 533, second edition Dr Greg Curran, Senior Regional Animal

Health Manager – Western Division Animal & Plant Biosecurity, Broken

Hill

(4) http://www.livestrong.com/

http://www.sepco.com.jo/