Phương pháp quan trắc sinh học dưới nước

7/27/2019 Phng php quan trc sinh hc di nc

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Phng php quan trc sinh hc

cho h lu vc sng Mekong

Dng Tr Dng


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D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Gii thiu

Quan trc sinh hc (QTSH) l sdngmt cch c hthng cc p ng sinh hc nh gi cc bin imi trng.

y l cng c qun l ti nguyn nc c gi tr v

chng khng ihi thitbt tin, chi ph khng caokhi kim tra v vn hnh Kh khn cc ncang pht trin l thiu thng tin

nn, kha phn loi v nhn lcti cc aphng. T nm 2003 QTSH c tin hnh nh 1 phn ca

chng trnh quan trcsckhe sinh thi. Skthpgia cc yu t ha l v cc thng tin v

QTSH rt c ch v khu h sinh vt sng rtnhycmvis thay i cc yut ha l mi trng


3/31


Gii thiu (tt)

Nm 1995 MRC c thnh lp trong khun kh thathun quc t bo v mi trng, ti nguyn thinnhin, cc iukin v ssng trong nc v s cnbng sinh thi caluvc sng Mekong.

Nm 2002 cc chuyn gia caquc gia thuc Mekong,cc thnh vin ca MRC v tvnqucttholunvkh nng pht trin chng trnh quan trc sc khemi trng cho hlu sng Mekong v nhnh chnh can.

2003 tin hnh kho st thm d thnghimtimnngs dng cc nhm sinh vt v mt qu trnh sinh thitrong vic quan trc thng xuyn sc khe sinh thica sng Mekong v cc nhnh chnh ca n


4/31


Gii thiu (tt)

Cc nhm sinh vt v qu trnh sinh thi cchn quan trc c nhngc tnh sau- tc tch t sinh khicato khu v mtsloi to khc c xem l c s nh gi s

thnh vng ca ngnh thy sn trn sngMekong. S dng cch tnh sn lng s cp(NSSH bc I) khng hiu qu v phi tn thigian (t nht l 1 gi, xem sbinng sinhlng) v mang theo nhiuthitb phn tch.- toycchn v chng l thcnca cv ngvtyc ln,phnto ln c thsdng lm thcn cho ngi,Khng th thu thpctoln v sinh khica chng thp.


5/31


Gii thiu (tt)

- ngvt ph du l thcnca cc loi c

- ngvtyc ln ven b c th nhn thybngmtthng v chng cng l thcnca

cc loi c.- c l thc n ca con ngi sng trn sngMekong. Khng th thu cc mu c trong mtli nh bt nn khng s liu tin cy nh gi.

Do tiptcthnghim thu mu lachncc loi lm sinh vtchth


6/31


Gii thiu (tt)

Tnm 2004-2007 tin hnh quan trc hng nmnhmlachn cc loi sinh vtchth cho sckhe sinh thi.- Cc nhm sinh vtlachnckho st ti cc v trc nhiu nghavqun l khpluvc sng mekong.

- chn cc v tr tham chiu to ra imchun sinhhc cho cc v tr khc so snh.- Xc nh r c tnh ca cc nhm sinh vt c khnngthhinnhng tc ngxunh sinh thi thy

vc- S dng cc gi tr ch th sinh hc cc v tr thamchiu pht trinb tiu ch xphn v phn loi ccv tr kho st khc


7/31 D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G - D U O N G T R I D U N G

Gii thiu (tt)

Nm 2008 chng trnh quan trc c chuyn giaon cc c quan chuyn ngnh caquc gia thnh vinqua y ban sng Mekong quc gia (NMCs). Mi qucgia chn 8 v tr trong quc gia kho st v tin hnhton b qu trnh t thu mu,nhndng, phn tch vvit bo co

Nm 2010: xutbn ti liuphng php thu mu Cc nmtip theo:

- xutbnbsutpvngvtycln ven b;

- xut bn sch nh danh ng vt ph du trn sngMekong v- xut bn sch nhn dng to y h lu sngMekong.



Cc ch th ha l v sinh hc

Chn nhm sinh vtchth Chu , 80% chng trnh quan trc sc

khe sinh thi dng ng vt kxs v to khu

lm sinh vtchth. Trn sng Mekong s dng 4 loi sinh vtcho tngloi sinh cnh Sinh vtsng bm (to khu) vng ven b

ngvt kxs ven bcln (vng ven b) ngvt kxs cln (vng nc su)

ngvtni (trong ctnc)



Cc ch th ha l v sinh hc (tt)

Cch tipcn phn tch trong qua trc sinh hc giu loi (richness): s loi ca 1 nhm sv. phong ph (abundance): s c th Cc chsadng v tnh ngu: s phn

b cc c thca cc nv phn loi. Cc chshu sinh: scchung trung bnh

ca cc nv phn loi (ATSPT).Khi phn tch cc chs ny ta c th phn tchnbin (SPSS) hay abin (Primer) timtv trkho st


10/31



Chn cc thng s ha l trong quan trc sinh hc c c hn 100 nm dng sinh vtnh gi

sc khe sinh thi nhng nhiu nc khc lisdng cc thng s ha l nh gi.

Ngy nay kt hp c hai v ha l th hin tithi im thu mu cn sinh vt c th biu thcnhngbini mi trng trong qu khthng qua vng i.

Cc thng s ha l bao gm trong, c,nhit, DO, pH v EC. Ch phihiuchnhv tun th nghim nht cc qui nh khi sdng cc thitbobngincc.


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nh gi timnng sinh hccamtv tr Tng tc gia cc yu t thyvn v amo to

nn nhng sinh cnh khc nhau. Chtlngnisng v chtlngnc hnh thnh

nn kiuqun x.Nu ch ci thin cht lng nc m khng ci thin

sinh cnh c th khng cithinciukin sinh hcnn chtlngnisng l yutthityucachngtrnh quan trc/phiudliuthca v phiu cho imnhiungv tr/.

Toybnhhngmnhbi cc kiunny,ktcu v mcbtrm tch. ngvtni v ngvty thch ngmnhvi dng

chy


12/31


To khu sng bm

Nghin cunh lng to khu sng bm chobit phn ng nhanh vi cc thay i mitrng.

Ktqu phn tch c so snh vi cc csd liu v tiu chun thit lp t trc do cnphithchin chnh xc phng php.

Toycngbnhhngbi xuyn thunh sng nn cngph thuc vo trong do phiu d liu thc a cng c in voy v chnh xc.


13/31


To khu sng bm (tt)

Trnh tthca Lymuni c su < 1m v nny,mi vin c

din tch > 10 cm2, bi di hn 100 m. Nuni khng c th thu mu cy hay gi th nhn

to Miv tr thu 10 mu,mimu cch nhau 10 m. Chn c ph lpmng mu nu hay khi s vo c

cm gic trt.

C nh bng dung dch Lugol (5g iod + 10 g KI trong300 mL nc) 3 git cho 100 mL mu Ghi nhn cho tng l mu, nn nh ghi chp v kiu

nny, tn ngi thu mu vo s


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To khu sng bm (tt)

Cch thu v c nh mu to khu sng bm

Chn

v trlymu

Chnmu

Chunb lymu

Cchlymu


15/31


To khu sng bm (tt)

Trnh t phng th nghim Mu th c quay ly tm vitc 3500 rpm. Ht ly

phnto(lp nu ni trn) cho vo ngnghim 18 cm Cho 2 mL acid mc vo ng nghim ri un nng

trong nichng (70-80oC) trong 30-45 pht. Sau rabng dung dchgii ion 4-5 ln. Ly 1 git ln lame cho kh, lymu ny quan st

hay lm tiu bn. Nhng loi cha c tn loi sct tn theo s, th

dnhXxxx sp1,Xxxx sp2 Tn loi nycsdngsutqu trnh cho n khicxcnh.

Xc nhs loi trong 0.2 cm2, mslng trong 0.02mL


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To khu sng bm (tt)


17/31


ng vt ni

Nghin cu ng vt ni v mt nhlng phn nh sinh hc mi trngv ha tnh cactnc trong khi nhiu

loi ch th khc th hin mc tc ngha tnh canc v tnh chtnny Thng tin thu cphi so snh vi cc

c s d liu v tiu chun thit lp ttrc do cnphi thchin chnh xcphng php.


18/31


ng vt ni (tt)

Cc trnh tthca Ghi phiudliuthca chnh xc vv tr v cim

a hnh Ly 3 muti 1 v tr: 1) cch b 4-5m bn tri, 2) cch

b bn phi 4-5m v 3) gia dng Mu thu cch v tr nhim timnng (mnhv, thc

vt) 1m hay cch b(thngng) 2 m. Nuncchy qu mnh c th khng thu gia dng

c th mu 3 thu lchv 1 bnhng khng qu gn 1trong 2 mu kia Raschdngc thu muloib sinh vt v cc vt

liu khc bm vo lntrc


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ng vt ni (tt)


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ng vt ni (tt)

Cc trnh t phng th nghim Dng kpgp cc loi rc ln Cho mu vo ng ong, lng 1 gi ri ht

nc ra cn 50 mL

Cho mu vo da Petri v quan st cc loi ckch thcln (>50 mm) phng i 40 x. Quan st phng i 100 hay 400 xc

nh cc loi nhhn

nh lng n loi v m ton b s lngsinh vt c trong mu Sau khi phn tch tnh giu loi, mt v

ATSPT


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ng vt ni (tt)


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ng vt kxs ln ven b

L nhng loi ng vt kxs c th nhn bngmtthng (>0,2 mm) xuthin khu vcgnb sng

Nghin cunhlngqun x ngvt kxs cln ven b s phn nh c cht lng cckhu vcgn vng ven sng v phn nh cc tcngca con ngidin ra trn khu vc ny.

Thng tin thu cphi so snh vi cc csd liu v tiu chun thit lp t trc do cnphithchin chnh xc phng php.


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ng vt kxs ln ven b

Cc trnh tthca Lymumt bn b sng, pha bilng v pha

ny c nny thoai thoi v c thcvtngpnc pht trin to mi trngsng thch hp

cho ngvt kxs cln. Cgng trn tngv tr chn cc im c sinh

cnhgnging nhau d so snh Ghi phiudliuthca Raschdngctrc khi thu mu Dng li qut 30 x 20 cm, mt li 475 mm,

thu trong mton di 20 m


24/31


ng vt kxs ln ven b

Cc trnh tthca Ngi thu mu ng di nc cch mp

nckhong 1.5 m v qut v pha bgn sty sng.

Mi ln qut 1 on khong 1 m theo hngthng gc vi b v dch chuyn dn t hngunnthngngun v khng nn qut ctrm tch.

Mi mt mu qut 10 ln v mt v tr thu 10mu.

S loimu v cho vo lvi ethanol 80% vcui cng khng thphn 70%


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ng vt kxs c ln ven b

Trnh t trong phng th nghim Sdng knh lp ct lp c phng i

ca vt knh l 2 4 x v th knh l 10 x

Phn loinging Gimuvt theo kch thc trong cc l

khc nhau vichtcnh l ethanol 70%

Tnh phong ph loi, mt, v chsATSPT cho mimu (10 ln qut khong3 m2)


27/31


ng vt kxs y c ln

L nhng loi ng vt kxs c th nhn bngmt thng (>0,2 mm) xut hin khu vcnc su cch xa ngb sng

Nghin cuqun x ngvt kxs c lnsng

y s m t c c tnh ca cc ng vtkxs c ln sng y cch xa ng ven bsng.

Thng tin thu cphi so snh vi cc cs

d liu v tiu chun thit lp t trc do cnphithchin chnh xc phng php. Sdng gu Petersen c din tch 0.025 m2

thu mu


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ng vt kxs y c ln

Cc trnh tthca Ghi chp vdliuthca Raschdngctrc khi thu mu Thu 3 v tr ct ngang dng sng (L, R, M), mimu thu

4 gu, miv tri thu 3-5 mu. C khi gia dng khng thumuc do ktcunn ycbit nn chnv trkhc.

Sng nhhn 30 m khng thu gia dng

Khi thu nhm g, lm ming gu khng khp cth thu muli. S loi v cnhmubng formol c nngcui l

5% hay ethanol khng thphn 70%


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Chn v tr v thu mu Loi b bt bn v s la mu

Quytrnhthumu

ngvt

khngxng

sngsngy c

ln


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ng vt kxs y c ln

Trnh t trong phng th nghim Sdng knh hin vi hnhp c phng i ca vtknh l 40 1200 ln hay knh hin vi ct lp c phng i 15 - 56 ln.

Phn loi n loi cc nhm Oligochaeta, Gastropoda,Bivalvia v Crustacea. Ring lp cn trng c th phnloinging.

Gimuvt theo kch thc trong cc l khc nhau vichtcnh l ethanol 70%

Tnh phong ph loi, mt , v ch s ATSPT chomimu (0.1 m2)http://www.mrcmekong.org/assets/Publications/report-

management-develop/E-biomonitoring-methods.pdf


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