Phụ lục A (quy định) Vật liệu chế tạo các bộ phận máy đóng mở kiểu vít A.1 Sơ đồ truyền động – Máy đóng mở kiểu vít a) Kiểu I: (Q từ 10 tấn – 20 tấn) CHÚ THÍCH: 1) Tay quay; 2) Động cơ điện; 3) Khớp nối; 4) Cặp bánh răng; 5) Vấu li hợp; 6) Li hợp; 7) Cặp bánh răng côn; 8) Vít me đai ốc; 9) Hộp giảm tốc; 10) Hộp chịu lực. 5 6 8 3 9 10 7 4 1 2
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TCVN T I U C H U N Q U C G I A
Ph lc A
(quy nh)
Vt liu ch to cc b phn my ng m kiu vt
A.1 S truyn ng My ng m kiu vt
a) Kiu I: (Q t 10 tn 20 tn)CH THCH:
1) Tay quay;
2) ng c in;
3) Khp ni; 4) Cp bnh rng;
5) Vu li hp;
6) Li hp;
7) Cp bnh rng cn;
8) Vt me ai c;
9) Hp gim tc;
10) Hp chu lc.
CH THCH: 1) Tay quay;
2) ng c in;
3) Khp ni, 4) Cp bnh rng thng;
5) Tay gt vu ly hp:
6) Vu li hp;7) Cp bnh rng cn;
8) Vt me ai c;
9) Hp gim tc;
10) Hp chu lc.
Hnh A.1- S truyn ng my ng m kiu vt
A.2 Cc loi vt liu chnh c dng ch to my ng m kiu vt
Bng A.1- Mt s loi thp v que hn dng ch to my ng m kiu vt
Loi thpMc thpMc que hn (hn tay)
Thp Cc bon thng dngCT 38E42
Thp Cc bon cht lngC 45E50A
Bng A.2 - Cc loi vt liu dng ch to my ng m kiu vt
TTTn b phn myVt liu ch to
1Tay quay, np chn bi, np hp gim tc, np thm du, vng chn, chn trc, cng gt lay hp, tay gt ly hp, bulng + ai c (loi khng chu lc ln), b ng c...CT38
2Cc loi bulng, ai c, cht, vt chm lin kt chu lc, then bng, con gt, trc gt ly hp ...
3Trc vt, bulng khp ni, bnh rng nn, ly hp di ng, ai c chu lc.Thp C45
4B my, khp ni trc hp gim tc, khp ni trc ng cGang xm GX18-36
5Hp chu lc, np hp chu lc.Gang xm GX 21-40
6Bnh vtng thanh
7Giong, pht chn du mCao su, pht d chu du
Bng A.3 - Thnh phn ho hc ca mt s thp kt cun v tnh: %
Mc thpCacbon (C)Silic (Si)Mangan (Mn)Pht pho (P)Lu hunh (S )
CT38s0,14 - 0,22( 0,070,30 - 0,60( 0,04( 0,05
CT38n0,14 - 0,220,05 - 0,170,40 - 0,65( 0,04( 0,05
CT380,14 - 0,220,12 - 0,30,40 - 0,65( 0,04(0,05
Bng A.4 - C tnh ca mt s thp Cc bon kt cuMc thp(b/MPaST/Mpa chia theo dy, mm(5 (%), theo dy, mmTh un ngui 180o theo dy, mm
< 2020(4040(100> 100< 20(20(40)> 40( 20> 20
CT38363(461235226216196272624d = 0,5d = a
CT38n
CT38373(481245235226206262523d = 0,5d = a
CT51490(628284275265255201917d = 3ad = a
CH THCH: a) dy ca mu; d) ng knh un.Bng A.5 - Thnh phn ho hc ca thp Cc bon cht lng C45n v tnh: %
Mc thpCSiMnP (S (CrNiCuThnh phn khc
450,42(0,500,17(0,370,50(0,800,0350,04( 0,25( 0,25( 0,25-
Bng A.6- C tnh ca thp Cc bon cht lng C45Mc thpTrng thi nhit luynC tnh, ( cng (HBS)
(b/MPast/Mpa(5 ,%(, %ak/J*cm-2Cn nng hoc rm nhit cao
45Thng ho598353164049229197
Bng A.7 - C tnh ca mt s gang xm thng dngMc gangChiu dy vt c, mm *
4815305080150
bn ko (b ( /MPa
GX 15-322201801501101059080
GX 18-36270220200160140130120
GX 21-40310270250210180165150
cng ( (HBS)
GX 15-32241224210201163156130
GX 18-36255240230216170163143
GX 21-40260255245238187170156
CH THCH: * Gi tr bn ko ca vt c dy 15 mm tng t vi phi th ng knh 30 mm.
Bng A.8 - Thnh phn ho hc ca mt s gang xm thng dng
n v tnh: %
Mc gangCSiMnP (S (
GX 15-323,50 ( 3,702,00 ( 2,400,50 ( 0,800,200,15
GX 18-363,30 ( 3,501,40 ( 2,400,70 ( 1,000,200,15
GX 21-403,20 ( 3,401,40 ( 2,200,70 ( 1,000,200,15
CH THCH: Cho php hp kim ho bng cc nguyn t Cu, Ni, P
Ph lc B(tham kho)
Thit k cc b phn truyn ng ca my ng m kiu vt
B.1 Thit k b truyn ng vt ai cB.1.1 Chn vt liu
B.1.1.1 Vt liu trc vt: Thp C45.
B.1.1.2 Vt liu ai c:
a) My ng m c sc nng Q n 20 tn: GX 21 40.b) My ng m c sc nng Q ln hn 20 tn : C45.
B.1.2 Chn kiu ren v bc ren
B.1.2.1 Kiu ren : ren thang cn vi gc ( = 30oB.1.2.1 Bc ren s : chn theo bc ren thang tiu chun (OCT 9484 73 : s = 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 16.B.1.3 Tnh ton ng ren vt
+ ng knh ren trung bnh,tnh bng mm;d2 ( ,
(B.1)
trong :
Q l lc ng m, N; (H = = 1,2 ( 2,5 l h s ca ai c;
(h = l h s chiu cao ren thang, vi h l chiu cao ren; s bc ren;
[q] = 5 N/mm2 ( 6 N/mm2 l p sut cho php ln ren gia thp v gang;
[q] = 7 N/mm2 (12 N/mm2 l p sut ln ren cho php gia thp v thp.
B.1.4 Chn cc thng s ca vt v ai c
B.1.4.1 Gc vt : ( = arctg(s/(d2), chn gc vt: ( = 30o.
B.1.4.2 Xc nh chiu cao ai c H2, mm.H2 = (H.d2
(B.2)B.1.4.3 S vng ren ca ai c Z :
Z = H2/s ( 12
(B.3)
B.1.5 Tnh kim nghim v bn
B.1.5.1 Trc vt cn c kim tra v bn theo ng sut tng ng, tnh bng N/mm2;(t = ,
(B.4)
B.1.5.2 ng sut php tuyn ( c xc nh theo cng thc, tnh bng N/mm2;( = ,
(B.5)
B.1.5.3 ng sut tip tuyn (, N/mm2 c xc nh theo cng thc;
,
(B.6)
trong :
d1 l ng knh trong ca ren, mm;
Q l lc ng m, N;M l m men xon trn tit din nguy him ca vt, N/mm2 ;M = Q..tg(((() ,
(B.7)
+: nng;
- : h;
Vi b truyn t hm c h s ma st f = 0,1 ;
( l gc ma st , ( = 5o43 ;
W l m men chng un ca ren vt ;
W = , mm3.
(B.8)B.1.5.4 ng sut cho php [(] c xc nh theo cng thc, tnh bng N/mm2;[(] = ,
(B.9)
trong : (c l gii hn chy ca vt liu trc vt.
B.1.5.5 ai c cn c kim tra v bn ko v bn p b mt theo cc cng thc sau:a) bn ko:
(k =
(B.10)
trong : Q l lc ng m, N;
D l ng knh ngoi ca ai c, mm;
d l ng knh ngoi ca trc vt, mm;
[(k] = 30 N/mm2 ( 40 N/mm2 l ng sut ko cho php ca gang;
[(k] = 50 N/mm2 ( 60 N/mm2 l ng sut ko cho php ca thp C45.
b) bn p mt:- Theo ng sut tip tuyn:(c =
(B.11)
trong :
Q l ti trng nng, N;
D l ng knh ngoi ca ai c, mm;
h l chiu cao vnh ta ca ai c, mm;
[(c] = 30 N/mm2 ( 50 N/mm2 l ng sut tip cho php ca ai c bng gang hoc ng thanh.- Theo ng sut php tuyn:
(d =
(B.12)
trong : D0 l ng knh ngoi vnh ta ai c, mm;
D l ng knh ngoi ca ai c, mm;
Q l lc ng m, N;
[(d] = 60 N/mm2 ( 80 N/mm2 l ng sut dp cho php ca ai c.
B.1.6 Tnh ton kim tra n nhB.1.6.1 Khi mnh ( > 60, trc vt cn c kim tra v un dc m bo n nh khi chu nn theo cng thc le:
ny = =3(4
(B.13)
trong :
ny l h s an ton n nh;
[ny] l h s an ton n nh cho php;
QTh l ti trng ti hn.
B.1.6.2 Khi mnh ( ( 100:
QTh = (B.14) J =
(B.15)
trong : J l m men quan tnh ca tit din vt, mm4 ;
E l m un n hi, vi thp E = 2,1.105 N/mm2 ;
( l h s chiu di, ( = 0,7;
Hnh B.1 - S tnh n nh trc vtB.1.6.3 Khi mnh ( t 60 ( 100, QTh c tnh theo cng thc:
QTh =
( B.16)
trong :
a, b l h s thc nghim i vi thp C45: a = 450 N/mm2 , b = 1,67 N/mm2.
B.1.6.4 mnh ca trc vt c xc nh theo cng thc:
( =
(B.17)
trong :
( l h s chiu di, ( = 0,7
l l khong cch t tm ai c n tm gi trc hoc t tm ai c n tm trc tai ko ca.
i = l bn knh qun tnh ca tit din trc vt, mm. (B.18)B.2 Thit k b truyn bnh rng cn.
B.2.1 Theo s truyn ng ca my ng m kiu I (Hnh A.1) truyn chuyn ng quay cho ai c chu lc trong hp chu lc t hp gim tc ti cn s dng cp bnh rng cn.
B.2.2 Chn vt liu
Vt liu bnh rng nh: Thp C45; Vt liu bnh rng ln: GX 21 40; Trc bnh rng: Thp C45; C tnh v thnh phn ho hc ca vt liu cc chi tit c xc nh theo iu A.2 Ph lc A.B.2.3 Tnh ton b truyn ng bnh rng cn
B.2.3.1 Xc nh ng sut cho php
B.2.3.2 ng sut tip xc cho php khi vt liu bnh rng bng thp, tnh bng N/mm2;[(tx] = 2,6 HB,
(B.19)
B.2.3.3 ng sut tip xc cho php khi vt liu bnh rng gang xm, tnh bng N/mm2;[(tx] = 1,5 HB,
(B.20)
B.2.3.4 ng sut un cho php ca rng, tnh bng N/mm2;[(u] = ,
(B.21)
trong :
(-1 l gii hn mi khi un, N/mm2 ;(-1 = 0,34 (b (i vi thp cacbon);(-1 = 0,34 (b (i vi gang);vi (b gii hn bn ca vt liu;[n]: h s an ton: [n] = 1,9 l i vi thp v gang khng qua nhit luyn; [n] = 1,7 l i vi thp v gang c qua nhit luyn;K( l h s tp trung ng sut:
+ K( = 1,4-1,6 l i vi thp thng ho v ti b mt;
+ K( = 1-1,2 l i vi gang
Hnh B.2 - Cc thng s truyn ng bnh rng cn
B.2.3.5 Xc nh cc thng s n khp B.2.4 Xc nh chiu di cn ngoi bnh rng cn nhChiu di cn ngoi bnh rng cn nh Lbr xc nh theo cng thc sau:Lbr = KR.
(B.22)
trong :
KR = 0,5Kd l h s ph thuc bnh rng v loi rng;
Kd = (100.N/mm2)1/3 l i vi b truyn bnh rng cn thng;
i l t s truyn;
M1 l m men xon trn trc bnh rng nh, tnh bng N.mm;
M1 = 9,55.106.N/n1,
KH( l h s k n s phn b khng u ti trng trn b rng vnh rng bnh rng cn, ph thuc vo cng bnh rng v t s : Kbc.i/(2-Kbc); Kbc l h s chiu rng bnh rng:
Kbc = b/L = 0,25 ( 0,30
[(tx] l ng sut tip xc cho php, N/mm2.Bng B.1 - Tr s ca h s phn b khng u ti trng trn chiu rng vnh rng
HB > 350HB ( 350
Tr s ca h s KH(
0,200,400,600,801,16
1,37
1,58
1,801,07
1,14
1,23
1,34
B.2.5 Xc nh m un m, s rng z, chiu rng vnh rng b
B.2.5.1 M un vng ngoi ca b truyn:m = (0,02 ( 0,03).Lbr,
(B.23)
trong :
Lbr l chiu di cn ngoi, mm; xc nh theo cng thc (B22); M l mun vng ngoi, mm; kt qu tnh ly trn n s nguyn v theo tr s tiu chun.
B.2.5.2 S rng bnh nh Z1 :
Z1 =
(B.24)
B.2.5.3 S rng bnh ln Z2 :
Z2 = i.Z1
(B.25)
trong : i l t s truyn
B.2.5.4 Chiu rng vnh rng b:
b = Kbc.L = (0,2 ( 0,3).l
(B.26)
B.2.6 Xc nh gc cn chia bnh nh (1, gc cn chia bnh ln (2
(1 = arctg
(B.27)
(2 = 900 - (1
(B.28)
B.2.7 Xc nh ng knh chia ngoi dc, ng knh trung bnh dtb, m men trung bnh mtb, ng knh nh rng ngoi dap dng cc cng thc sau:dcl = mtb.Z1 ;
(B.29)
dC2 = mtb.Z2;
(B.30)
dtb1 = 2.(L 0,5.b).sin(1;
(B.31)
dtb2 = 2.(L 0,5.b).sin(2 ;
(B.32)
mtb = = ;
(B.33)
da1 = dC1 + 2.mC ;
(B.34)
da2 = dC2 + 2.mC ;
(B.35)
trong :
dc1, dc1 l ng knh chia ngoi bnh rng cn nh v bnh rng cn ln, tnh bng mm; dtb1, dtb2 l ng knh trung bnh bnh rng nh v bnh rng ln, tnh bng mm; mtb l m un trung bnh, tnh bng mm;
L l chiu di cn ngoi, xc nh theo cng thc (B.22) b l chiu rng vnh rng, xc nh theo cng thc (B.26) (1 v (2 l gc cn chia bnh rng cn nh v bnh rng cn ln, xc nh theo cc cng thc (B27) v (B28).
m un vng chia mC : mC = , mm (B.36)
B.2.8 Kim nghim rng v bn tip xc
B.2.8.1 Cch xc nh vn tc vng trung bnh, chn cp chnh xc ca b truyn v h s ti trng nh sau:a) Xc nh vn tc vng trung bnh theo cng thc sau, tnh bng m/s;
;
(B.37)
dtb1 l ng knh trung bnh bnh rng nh, xc nh theo cng thc (B.31) ; n1 l s vng quay bnh rng nh.b) Cp chnh xc ca b truyn ph thuc vo gi tr vn tc vng ca bnh rng v c chn theo Bng B.2;
Bng B.2 - Cp chnh xc ca b truyn theo vn tc vng
cng bnh rng HBCp chnh xc
6789
Vn tc vng ca bnh rng, m/s
( 35010743
> 3509632,5
c) Chn h s ti trng K theo cng thc:
(B.38)
trong : KH( l h s k n s phn b khng u trn vnh rng chn theo Bng B.1 ; Kd l h s ti trng ng xc nh theo Bng B.3.
Bng B.3 - Tr s ca h s ti trng ng K
Cp chnh xc cng bnh rng lnVn tc vng trung bnh, m/s
( 11 ( 33 ( 88 ( 12
6 200
200 ( 350
> 3501
1
11,3
1,2
1,21,5
1,4
1,31,6
1,5
1,4
7 200
200 ( 350
> 3501,1
1
11,4
1,3
1,31,6
1,5
1,4-
-
-
8 200
200 ( 350
> 3501,2
1,1
1,11,5*
1,4*
1,4-
-
--
-
-
9 200
200 ( 350
> 3501,3
1,2
1,21,6
1,5
1,5-
-
--
-
-
CH THCH: Khi v = 4 m/s h s K tng ln 10%.
B.2.8.2 Kim nghim rng v bn tip xc nh sau:a) Khi cp bnh rng cn vi vt liu khc nhau, kim nghim rng theo cng thc:
(TX = ;
(B.39)
b) Khi cp bnh rng cn vi vt liu bng thp, kim nghim rng theo cng thc:
(TX = ;
(B.40)
trong :
[(TX] l ng sut tip xc cho php, xc nh theo (B.19) v (B.20); M2 l mmen xon trn bnh ln, Nmm,
(B.41)
N2 l cng sut trn trc bnh rng ln, xc nh theo cng thc:
(B.42)
Nct l cng sut trn trc vt me; (3 l hiu sut b truyn vt - ai c; (4 l hiu sut cp ln; (2 l vn tc gc ca bnh rng cn ln, rad/s; K l h s ti trng, xc nh theo (B38); Eq l mun n hi quy i i vi vt liu bnh rng; Eq = 1,36.105 N/mm2 l khi bnh rng nh bng thp, bnh rng ln bng gang; Eq = 1.105 N/mm2 l khi c hai bnh rng bng gang; Eq = 2,15.105 N/mm2 l khi c hai bnh rng bng thp; i: t s truyn; Kbc l h s chiu rng vnh rng ln, Kbc = 0,2 ( 0,3; KH( l h s k n s phn b khng u ti trng trn chiu rng bnh rng, xc nh theo Bng 1; dc2 l ng knh chia ngoi bnh rng ln, mm, xc nh theo (B.30) .B.2.9 Kim nghim rng v bn un
iu kin v bn un ca rng c kim nghim theo cng thc sau:
,
(B.43)
trong : [(u] l ng sut un cho php ca rng, xc nh theo (B.21), N/mm2; M l m men trn bnh rng kim tra, Nmm; K l h s ti trng, xc nh theo (B38); ( l gc nghing ca rng (bnh rng thng ( = 0); y l h s dng rng, xc nh theo Bng B.4.Bng B.4 - Tr s h s dng rng y khi f0 = 1
S rng tng ng ZtH s dch chnh x
- 0,6- 0,200,20,61
H s dng rng y
12
13
14
15
16
17-
-
-
-
-
--
-
-
0,268
0,278
0,2860,382
0,388
0,395
0,400
0,404
0,4100,53
0,53
0,53
0,53
0,53
0,53-
-
-
0,618
0,615
0,610-
-
-
-
-
-
18
19
20
22
24
26-
-
-
-
-
0,2630,296
0,303
0,313
0,330
0,345
0,3600,415
0,420
0,425
0,434
0,442
0,4600,53
0,53
0,53
0,53
0,53
0,530,610
0,607
0,604
0,600
0,596
0,591-
-
-
-
-
-
28
30
33
360,273
0,285
0,296
0,3150,368
0,376
0,386
0,3960,412
0,417
0,426
0,4350,455
0,460
0,466
04700,53
0,529
0,529
0,5290,588
0,588
0,580
0,576
39
420,324
0,3330,403
0,4100,442
0,4460,475
0,4790,529
0,5290,572
0,568
45
50
65
80
100
3000,344
0,355
0,388
0,408
0,426
-0,415
0,423
0,445
0,458
0,468
-0,452
0,458
0,471
0,480
0,482
0,4960,485
0,488
0,495
0,496
0,496
-0,528
0,528
0,527
0,523
0,518
-0,566
0,560
0,545
0,534
0,525
-
CH THCH: Khi fo = 0,8 gi tr h s y=y/0,8 + mtb l m un trung bnh ;
+ Kb l h s tng bn ca rng nghing so vi rng thng;
Kb = 1 i vi rng thng;
Kb = 1,2 - 1,4 i vi rng nghing;
+ Kim nghim rng v bn un cho bnh rng c tch s y.[(u] nh hn
+ S rng tng ng Zt xc nh theo cng thc:
(B.44)
(B.45)
B.2.10 Kim nghim rng v qu ti
Kim nghim rng v qu ti khi m my, phanh hm theo ng sut tip xc cc i v ng sut un cc i
(B.46)
(B.47)
trong :
Kqt l h s qu ti: ;
(B.48)
M v Mmax l m men xon danh ngha v m men qu ti trn trc bnh rng nh hoc bnh rng ln;
[(TX]max v [(U]max l ng sut tip xc, ng sut un qu ti ca rng xc nh theo Bng B.5.Bng B.5- ng sut tip xc qu ti v ng sut un qu ti
Vt liu bnh rng cng HBng sut qu ti, N/mm2
[(TX]max[(U]max
Thp( 350
> 3503,1. (c41,3 HRC0,8.(c0,36 (b
Gang1,8.(b0,6(b
CH THCH : (c v (b l ng sut chy v ng sut bn ca vt liu bnh rng.
B.3 Thit k b truyn trc vt bnh vt
B.3.1 Chn vt liu
- Trc vt v trc bnh vt: C45; 40X hoc 40 XH;- Thn bnh vt: C35 hoc C45;- Vnh bnh vt: vt liu bnh vt chn theo vn tc trt Vs:+ Khi Vs ( 5 m/s: dng ng thanh thic;+ Khi Vs < 5 m/s: dng ng thanh khng thic v ng thau;+ Khi Vs < 2 m/s: dng gang GX12-28; GX15-32 hoc GX18-36;- Vn tc trt Vs c tnh theo cng thc:
, m/s;
(B.49)
trong :
N1 l cng sut trn trc vt, kW; n1 l s vng quay ca trc vt, r/min ; u = n2/n1 = Z2/Z1 lt s truyn.- C tnh v thnh phn ho hc ca vt liu cc chi tit b truyn c xc nh theo iu B.3.6 .
B.3.2 Tnh ton b truyn ng
B.3.2.1 Xc nh khong cch tm, mm p dng theo cng thc (B.50) ,
(B.50)
trong : Z2 l s bnh rng vt; l h s ng knh trc vt, xc nh theo m un tiu chun m theo Bng B6; tnh ton s b ban u c th ly q = 10;
Bng B.6 - Tr s tiu chun ca h s ng knh qm2; 2,5; 3,15; 4 ; 5; 6,3; 8; 10; 12; 5; 16; 20
qDy 16,3; 8; 10*; 12,5**; 16; 20; 25
Dy 27,1; 9; 11.2; 14; 18; 22,4
CH THCH : 1) * Khng dng tr s ny khi m = 2;
** Khng dng tr s ny khi m = 2,5;
2) u tin dng dy 1;
3) Trng hp tht cn thit c th chn m theo dy 2: m = 1,5; 3; 3,5; 6; 7; 18.
+ M2 : M men xon trn trc bnh vt, tnh bng N.mm; M2 = ,
(B5.1)
+ N2 : Cng sut trn bnh vt, tnh bng Rad/s;N2 = ,
(B.52)
trong : (2 l vn tc vng bnh vt, Rad/s; NCT l cng sut trn trc vt me; (3 l hiu sut b truyn trc vt me; (4 l hiu sut cp ln; K l h s ti trng: K = KH(.Kd;
(B.53)
trong :
KH( l h s phn b khng u ti trng trn chiu rng vnh rng:KH( = 1 + ,
(B.54)
( l h s bin dng ca trc vt xc nh theo Bng B.7;( l h s ph thuc vo c tnh ti trng:( = 1,0 : khi ti trng khng thay i;
( = 0,6 : khi ti trng t thay i;
( = 0,3 : khi ti trng thay i ln;
Khi ti trng khng thay i: KH( = 1;
Kd l h s ti trng ng xc nh theo Bng B.8;
[(TX] - ng sut tip xc cho php ca bnh vt, chn theo Bng B.9.
Bng B.7- H s bin dng ca trc vt (S mi ren Z1H s ng knh trc vt
6,37,1891011,212,514161820
1
2
444
36
3057
45
3772
57
4789
71
58108
86
70127
102
82157
125
101190
152
123240
190
152292
230
185349
276
220
Bng B.8 - Tr s ca h s ti trng ng Kd
Vn tc trt Vs, m/sCp chnh xc
6789
1,5
3
7,5
12
( 18-
-
1
1,1
1,3-
1
1,1
1,2
-1,1
1,2
1,3
-
-1,3
1,3
-
-
-
Bng B.9 - Tr s ng sut tip xc cho php ca bnh vt [(TX]
Vt liu bnh vtpo(10.1po(10.1po
6.6.3poc
6.6.3pA
9-4(pA
10-4-4AM
66-6-3-2GX
15-32
Phng php cKhun ctKhun kim loiKhun ctKhun kim loiKhun ctKhun kim loiKhun kim loiKhun ct
Vn tc trt,m/s[(TX], N/mm2
( 0,5105(157150(220165(24689(133182195172127
1179192169195
217318715485
3167181149-
4160175141-
5150164128-
6138152118-
CH THCH : [(TX] trong bng ng vi cng trc vt ln hn HRC 45 .B.3.2.2 Tnh m un theo cng thc:m =
(B.55)
Kt qu tnh ton ly chn theo m un tiu chun tr s st gi tnh cho trong bng.
B.3.2.3 Tnh h s dch chnh theo cng thc: x =
(B.56)
B.3.2.4 Xc nh cc kch thc ch yu ca trc vt v bnh vt nh sau:a) ng knh vng chia ca trc vt d1 v ca bnh vt d2, tnh bng mm: d1 = q.m,
(B.57)
d2 = Z2.m,
(B.58)
trong :
q l h s ng knh trc vt xcnh theo bng 6;m l m un tnh ton theo (B55) v xc nh li theo m un tiu chun;Z2 l s rng bnh vt ;b) ng knh vng nh ca trc vt da1 v ca bnh vt da2 :da1 = d1 + 2.m = ( q+Z2 ), mm
(B.59)
da2 = m.( Z2 + 2 + 2.x ), mm
(B.60)
trong :
x l h s dch chnh, xc nh theo (B56)
c) ng knh vng y ca trc vt df1 v ca bnh vt df2df1 = m.( q + Z2 ), mm
(B.61)
df2 = m.( Z2 2,4 + 2.x ), mm
(B.62)
d) ng knh ngoi ca bnh vt; daM2daM2 da2 + 2.m
khi Z1 = 1 v Z1 = 4.
daM2 da2 + 1,5 m
khi Z1 = 2 v Z1 = 3
(B.63)
e) Chiu rng trc vt b1 v bnh vt b2 xc nh theo cng thc trong Bng B.10.
Bng B.10 - Chiu rng trc vt b1 v bnh vt b2
S mi ren trc vt Z11234
Chiu rng trc vt b1 khi h s dch chnhx = - 1,0( ( 10,5 + Z1 ).m( ( 10,5 + Z1 ).m
x = - 0,5( ( 8 + 0,06.Z2 ).m( ( 9,5 + 0,09.Z2 ).m
x = 0 ( ( 11 + 0,06.Z2 ).m( ( 12,5 + 0,1.Z2 ).m
x = + 0,5( ( 11 + 0,1.Z2 ).m( ( 12,5 + 0,1.Z2 ).m
x = + 1,0( ( 12 + 0,1.Z2 ).m( ( 13 + 0,1.Z2 ).m
Chiu rng bnh vt b2 ( 0,75.da1( 0,67.da1
B.3.2.5 Sau khi tnh ton xc nh cc kch thc ca b truyn v h s ti trng tin hnh kim tra rng bnh vt v bn tip xc theo cng thc sau:
(tx =
( B.64 )
trong :
M2 l m men xon trn trc bnh vt xc nh theo (B51);K l h s ti trng xc nh theo cng thc (B53) sau khi c cc kch thc ca b truyn;Z2 l s rng trn bnh vt;q l h s ng knh trc vt;[(tx] l ng sut tip xc cho php c xc nh li theo vn tc trt Vs .CH THCH: Sau khi tnh ton kim tra nu (tx ln hn [(tx] trn 5% (b truyn lm vic qu ti ) v thp hn [(tx] 15 % (b truyn lm vic thp ti), cn thay cc kch thc b truyn v kim tra li bn tip xc ca bnh rng vt.
B.3.2.6 Kim nghim rng vt v bn un phi tho mn yu cu ng sut un sinh ra ti chn rng bnh vt khng c vt qu ng sut un cho php v c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
(u =
(B.65)
trong :
K l h s ti trng c xc nh li theo cng thc (B.53) sau khi c kch thc ca b truyn;Z2 l s rng bnh vt;y l h s dng rng xc nh theo Bng B.4;b2 l chiu rng bnh rng vt, mm;[(u] l ng sut un cho php xc nh theo Bng B.11.Bng B.11 - ng sut un cho php [(u]
Vt liu bnh vtpo (10.1po (10.1po
6.6.3poc
6.6.3pA
9-4(pA10-4-4AM
66-6-3-2GX
15-32
Phng php cKhun ctKhun kim loiKhun ctKhun kim loiKhun ctKhun kim loiKhun kim loiKhun ct
ng sut un cho php [(u], N/mm219 ( 3528 ( 5118 ( 3221 ( 3841 ( 7553 ( 9857 ( 10429
B.3.2.7 Kim nghim rng bnh vt v qu ti khi m my, phanh hm theo ng sut tip xc cc i v ng sut un cc i, p dng cng thc sau:(txmax = (tx.( [(tx]max (B.66)
(umax = (u.Kqt ( [(u]max
(B.67)
Kqt = l h s qu ti
Mmax v M l m men xon danh ngha v m men xon qu ti trn trc bnh vt ;[(u]max v [(tx]max l ng sut un qu ti v ng sut tip xc qu ti cho php xc nh theo Bng B.12.
Bng B.12 - ng sut tip xc qu ti v ng sut un qu ti
Vt liu bnh vtng sut qu ti, N/mm2
[(tx]max , N/mm2[(u]max , N/mm2
ng thanh pha thic
ng thanh khng thic
Gang4 (ch2 (ch260 ( 300-
0,8 (ch0,6 (b
B.3.3 Tnh ton thit k trc
B.3.3.1 Yu cu chung
Cc trc truyn ca my ng m kiu vt gm c trc bnh rng cn, trc vt v tn, tip nhn m men xon dn ng t tay quay (khi quay tay) hoc t ng c (khi chy in) truyn chuyn ng quay cho ai c chu lc a vt me chuyn ng tnh tin theo 2 chiu. Tnh ton thit k trc tin hnh trnh t theo cc bc sau:
- Chn vt liu;- Tnh thit k trc v bn;- Kim nghim trc v bn mi v v cng.
B.3.3.2 Chn vt liu
Trc bnh rng cn v trc vt v tn ca my ng m kiu vt thng c ch to t thp C45. Vi my ng m quay tay c sc nng n 3 tn c th ch to bng thp CT51.
B.3.3.3 Tnh thit k trc v bn
B.3.3.3.1 Ti trng ch yu tc dng ln trc l m men xon v cc lc tc dng khi n khp c biu th theo s Hnh B.4.B.3.3.3.2 Xc nh lc tc dng ln trc trong b truyn bnh rng cn theo phng php sau y:a) Lc vng Ft1 v Ft2:Lc vng Ft1 v Ft2, N c xc nh theo cng thc sau:Ft1 = ,
(B.68)
Ft2 = ,
(B.69)
b) Lc hng tm Fr1 v Fr2:
Fr1 = Ft1.tg(.cos(1 , N
(B.70)
Fr2 = Ft2.tg(.cos(2 , N
(B.71)
c) Lc dc trc Fa1 v Fa2 :Fa1 = Ft1.tg(.sin(1 , N
(B.72)
Fa2 = Ft2.tg(.sin(2 , N
(B.73)
trong :
M1, M2 l m men xon trn trc bnh rng cn nh v bnh rng cn ln
M1 = , N.mm;
(B.74)
M2 xc nh theo (B41);
Vi ( l hiu sut b truyn, i t s truyn; dTb1 , dTb2 l ng knh trung bnh bnh rng cn nh v bnh rng cn;
( = 20o l gc n khp;
(1 v (2 l gc cn chia bnh rng cn nh v bnh rng cn ln.B.3.3.3.3 Xc nh lc tc dng ln trc trong b truyn trc vt bnh vt:
a) Lc dc trc Fa1 v lc vng Ft2 :Fa1 = Ft2 = , N
(B.75)
b) Lc vng Ft1 v lc dc trc Fa2 :Ft1 = Fa2 = , N
(B.76)
c) Lc hng tm Fr1 v Fr2 : Fr1 = Fr2 = Ft2.tg(
(B.77)
trong :
M1 v M2 l m men xon trn trc vt v trc bnh vt; M1 = , N.mm ;
(B.78)
Vi ( l hiu sut b truyn; i l t s truyn; d1, d2 l ng knh vng chia ca trc vt v bnh vt; ( = 20o l gc profin trong mt ct dc ca trc vt.B.3.3.3.4 Tnh ton xc nh ng knh trc nh sau:
a) ng knh u trc bnh rng cn nh v ca trc vt xc nh s b theo m men xon trn trc:
d1 =
(B.79)
trong :
M1 l m men xon trn trc xc nh theo (B.74) v (B.78); [(] = 20 N/mm2 ( 35 N/mm2 l ng sut xon cho php.b) Sau khi tnh ton, kt qu kch thc d1 c lm trn s v chn theo kch thc ng knh trong tiu chun ca ln hoc bc dn.
c) ng knh trc ti v tr lp bnh rng cn nh c th xc nh theo (B.79) vi [(] = 10 ( 20 hoc theo m men tng ng:d2 =
(B.80)
, N.mm
(B.81)
, N.mm
(B.82)
trong :
Mtd l m men tng ng xc nh theo cng thc trn; Mu l m men un tng, xc nh theo momen trong mt phng thng ng Mx1 v m men trong mt phng ngang My1 ; [(u] = 20 N/mm2 ( 35 N/mm2 l ng sut un cho php ca thp ch to trc.
d) ng knh trc cc on cn li c xc nh sau khi xc nh ng knh u trc v v tr lp bnh rng trn c s cng ngh lp ghp (d tho lp, c nh trc v cc chi tit trn trc).
B.3.3.4 Chn khong cch cc m v chiu di cc on trc
Khong cch gia cc gi (khong cch gia tm hai ) c xc nh theo chiu di my bnh rng v chiu rng thnh hp ( v tr lp ln hoc trt), khe h gia cc bnh rng v gia bnh rng vi thnh hp.B.3.4 Tnh kim nghim trc v bn mi
Sau khi xc nh ng knh trc v mt s kch thc chnh cn kim nghim trc v bn mi ti cc tit din nguy him theo iu kin sau:
(B.83)
trong :
n l h s bn tnh ton; [n] = 1,3 ( 1,5 l h s bn cho php thng thng; [n] = 2,5 ( 4 l h s bn cho php m bo cng (khng cn kim nghim cng ca trc); n( l h s an ton theo ng sut php; n( lh s an ton theo ng sut tip:
(B.84)
(B.85)
trong :
(-1 = 0,43(b l gii hn mi un vi chu k i xng ca vt liu lm trc i xng l thp cc bon;
(-1 = 0,35(b l gii hn mi un vi chu k i xng ca vt liu lm trc l thp hp kim;
(-1 = 0,43(b l gii hn mi xon vi chu k i xng;+ Bin ca ng sut php:
(a = , N/mm2;
(B.86)
trong :
Mu l m men xon ln nht xc nh theo (B82); W l m men chng un ti tit din trc ang xt, mm3 ; (m = 0 l tr s trung bnh ca ng sut php v ng sut un thay i theo chu k i xng;+ Bin ca ng sut tip v tr s trung bnh ca ng sut tip:
(a = (m = , N/mm2;
(B.87)
trong :
Mx l m men xon, Nmm ;
Wxl l m men chng xon ti tit din trc ang xt, mm3;
k( v k( l h s kch thc khi un v xon xc nh theo ng knh trc;
(( , (( l h s tnh n nh hng ca chu k thnh phn khng i n bn mi xc nh theo vt liu trc.
B.3.5 Tnh kim nghim trc v bn tnh
phng kh nng b bin dng qu ln hoc ph hng do qu ti t ngt, tin hnh kim nghim trc v bn tnh theo cng thc :
(td =
(B.88)
( =
(B.89)
( =
(B.90)
[(] = 0,86.(ch
(B.91)
trong :
Mumax l m men un ln nht ti tit din nguy him lc qu ti, Nmm;Mxmax l m men xon ln nht ti tit din nguy him lc qu ti, Nmm; (ch l gii hn chy ca vt liu trc, N/mm2.
B.3.6 Tnh kim nghim trc v cngB.3.6.1 Tnh cng un
Khi vng f ca trc qu ln s lm bnh rng b nghing cn khi c gc xoay ( qu ln lm kt cc con ln trong . Tnh kim nghim trc m bo cng un theo cng thc (B.92) f ( [f]
( ( [(]
(B.92)
trong :
[f] l vng cho php:
[f] = 0,0002.l ( 0,0003.l, vi l l khong cch gia cc gi ;
[(] = 0,005 rad l gc xoay cho php i vi ln;
[(] = 0,001 rad l gc xoay cho php i vi trt.B.3.6.2 Tnh cng xon
- Tnh kim nghim cng xon ca trc theo cng thc:
( =
(B.93)
trong :
G = 8.104 N/mm2 l m un n hi trt;
Jo = (.d4/32 mm4 l m men qun tnh c cc;
l l chiu di on trc ang tnh, mm.
- Ti tit din trc c rnh then, kim nghim trc theo cng thc:
( = ( [(]
(B.94)
k =
(B.95)
trong :
h l chiu su rnh then, mm ;
H s: ( = 0,5 khi c 1 rnh then;
H s: ( = 1,2 khi c 2 rnh then i xng nhau 180o;
Gc xon cho php [(] = 30o trn chiu di 1 m.
B.4 Sai s khi lp rp
Bng B.13 - Sai s cho php khi lp rpB phn lpTn cc sai sTr s cho php
Hp gim tc, hp chu lcKhe h hng tm rngTheo TCVN
Khe h bin rngTheo TCVN
Sai s khong cch trcTheo TCVN
bing knh trong v ngoiTheo TCVN
Hiu chnh khi lp ln b myCc tm m hp gim tc, ng c, gi < 2 tm theo chiu cao
Phn bu lng nh khi ai c khi vn cht2 vng ren ( 5 vng ren
khng ng tm trc ng c v hp gim tc, gi < 0,3 mm
Bi trnHp gim tc kn bng du< 1/3
Hp chu lc, cm vt me ai cTheo yu cu
Bng B.14 - Nhit du
Loi hp gim tcNhit mi trng, oCNhit cui thi gian th, oC
Rng tr v cn xon10 ( 2040
Bnh vt trc vt10 ( 2060
B.5 Cc thng s v kch thc my ng m kiu vt
Bng B.15 Thng s v kch thc my ng m kiu vtLoimySc nng, TnThng s k thutKch thc, mmKhi lng, kg
T s truyn IVn tc nng V, m/phLc tay quay P, kgBn knh tay quay, mmChiu cao my
HChiu di my LChiu rng my BKhong cch
L1L2
V O0,520,05204002.12040040012518
V 1120,05204002.62045045018036
V 3340,024204005.00090070070600273
V 5560,2204005.0001.010800100600410
V 8880,015304005.0001.010800140700415
V 101080,015304006.0001.010800140700511
V 2020140,01304006.0001.010800140700613
10 V11070,370,116304006.0001.4301.150200700619
20 V22070,370,116304006.0001.4301.150200700650
30 V1303520,027304006.0001.5501.4504505501.722
50 V2503520,043604006.0003.5501.4504505503.250
100 V210012,3604006.0002.1002.1004.782
b) Kiu II: Q >20 t
Hnh B.3 - Cc thng s ca b truyn trc vt- bnh vt
Hnh B.4 - S lc tc dng ln trc t b truyn trc vtbnh vt v b truyn rng cn
_1219147916.unknown
_1219216071.unknown
_1219235587.unknown
_1226820052.unknown
_1226922623.unknown
_1227424028.unknown
_1226823910.unknown
_1226823890.unknown
_1219238194.unknown
_1219538965.unknown
_1219235863.unknown
_1219237051.unknown
_1219237115.unknown
_1219236786.unknown
_1219235799.unknown
_1219219889.unknown
_1219220576.unknown
_1219234817.unknown
_1219220282.unknown
_1219217227.unknown
_1219217508.unknown
_1219216693.unknown
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_1219213499.unknown
_1219214836.unknown
_1219216003.unknown
_1219214899.unknown
_1219215268.unknown
_1219213711.unknown
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_1219210406.unknown
_1219207696.unknown
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_1219058247.unknown
_1219057629.unknown
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