Photos That Informed The World · A successful daguerreotypist and a distinguished gentleman, Brady was known for his portraits of notable people such as Abraham Lincoln and Robert

Photos That Informed The World

By Robert J. Courtemanche, [email protected] Galena Park HS,Texas

Permission for use granted for any classroom teacher in a publicor not-for profit / non-profit school system.

1827 First PhotoBy Josef Niepce - Burgundy, France

• This most famous reproduction of the FirstPhotograph by the Research Laboratory of theEastman Kodak Company in Harrow. Thepointillistic effect is due to the reproductionprocess and is not present in the originalheliograph.

• The view, made from an upper, rear window ofthe Niépce family home in Burgundy. Thesubject matter includes [from left to right]: theupper loft (or, so-called "pigeon-house") of thefamily home; a pear tree with a patch of skyshowing through an opening in the branches;the slanting roof of the barn, with the long roofand low chimney of the bake house behind it;and, on the right, another wing of the familyhouse. Details in the original image are veryfaint, due not to fading -- the heliographicprocess is a relatively permanent one -- butrather to Niepce's underexposure of the originalplate.

1863 Federal DeadBy Mathew Brady - Gettysburgh, Penn.

• As one of the world’s first war photographers, MathewBrady didn’t startout having as action-packed a career asyou might think. A successful daguerreotypist and adistinguished gentleman, Brady was known for hisportraits of notable people such as Abraham Lincoln andRobert E. Lee. In other words, he was hardly aphotojournalist in the trenches.

• In fact, Brady had everything to lose by making a careermove – his money, his business, and quite possibly his life.Nevertheless, he decided to risk it all and follow the UnionArmy into battle with his camera.

• After narrowly escaping capture at the first Battle of BullRun, he began sending assistants in his place. In the spanof only a few years, Brady and his team shot more than7,000 photographs – an astounding number when youconsider that developing a single plate required a horse-drawn-wagon-full of cumbersome equipment and noxiouschemicals. Not exactly what you’d call "point-and-shoot.”Still, they mark the first time Americans were soimmediately confronted with the grim realities of thebattlefield.

1927 Lindbergh Lands in ParisBy Unknown - Paris, France

• Lindbergh gained sudden fame as the first pilotto fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. He flewfrom Roosevelt Airfield in Garden City, NewYork, to Paris (Le Bourget Airport) on 20 May -21 May 1927 in 33.5 hours. His plane was thesingle-engine aircraft, The Spirit of St. Louis.

• Aviator Elinor Smith Sullivan, described theimpact Lindbergh had on aviation. Before hisflight, she remembers, "But after CharlesLindbergh's flight, we could do no wrong. It'shard to describe the impact Lindbergh had onpeople. The twenties was such an innocent time,and people were still so religious– I think theyfelt like this man was sent by God to do this.And it changed aviation forever because all of asudden the Wall Street was banging on doorslooking for airplanes to invest in. We'd beenstanding on our heads trying to get them tonotice us, but after Lindbergh, suddenlyeveryone wanted to fly, and there weren'tenough planes to carry them."

1928 Ruth Snyder Dead!• By Thomas Howard - Sing Sing Prison, NY• Photographers are not permitted into executions

in the United States, so the New York DailyNews, determined to secure a photograph,resorted to a ruse. They brought in Howard, whowas not known to the prison guards orjournalists in the New York area. He arrivedearly and, passing himself off by posing as awriter, he took up a vantage position so as to beable to take pictures with the help of a miniaturecamera that he had strapped to his left ankle.The camera had a single photographic platewhich was linked by cable to the shutter releaseconcealed within his jacket. When Snyder’sbody shook from the jolt, Howard depressed theshutter release, exposing the plate. The finalimage captures a sense of movement.

• The photograph was published the next day onthe front page of the paper under the bannerheadline "DEAD!" and Howard gained overnightpopularity. He received a princely sum for thiswork and went on to become the head ofphotography for the White House.

1930 Lynching

• By Unknown - Indiana, USA

• A mob of 10,000 whites took sledgehammers tothe county jailhouse doors to get at these twoyoung blacks accused of raping a white girl; thegirl’s uncle saved the life of a third byproclaiming the man’s innocence. Although thiswas Marion, Ind., most of the nearly 5,000lynchings documented between Reconstructionand the late 1960s were perpetrated in theSouth. (Hangings, beatings and mutilations werecalled the sentence of “Judge Lynch.”) Somelynching photos were made into postcardsdesigned to boost white supremacy, but thetortured bodies and grotesquely happy crowdsended up revolting as many as they scared.Today the images remind us that we have notcome as far from barbarity as we’d like to think.

1936 Migrant MotherBy Dorothea Lange - Nipomo, Calif.

• For many, Florence Owens Thompson is the faceof the Great Depression, thanks to DorotheaLange. Lange captured the image while visiting adusty California pea-pickers’ camp in February1936, and in doing so, captured the resilience ofa proud nation facing desperate times.Unbelievably, Thompson’s story is as compellingas her portrait. Just 32 years old when Langeapproached her ("as if drawn by a magnet,"Lange said). Thompson was a mother of sevenwho’d lost her husband to tuberculosis. Strandedat a migratory labor farm in Nipomo, Calif., herfamily sustained themselves on birds killed by herkids and vegetables taken from a nearby field.The photo’s impact was staggering. Reproducedin newspapers everywhere, Thompson’s hauntedface triggered an immediate public outcry, quicklyprompting politicos from the federal ResettlementAdministration to send food and supplies.

1936 Spanish Civil WarBy Robert Capa - Spain

In 1936, Capa became known across the globefor a photo he took on the Cordoba Front in theSpanish Civil War of a Loyalist Militiaman whohad just been shot and was in the act of fallingto his death. Because of his proximity to thevictim and the timing of the capture, there was along controversy about the authenticity of thisphotograph. Historians eventually succeeded inidentifying the dead soldier as Federico BorrellGarcía, from Alcoi (Valencia) and proved itauthentic. This is the best-known picture of theSpanish civil war.

1937 Hindenburg DisasterBy Murray Becker - Lakehurst, NJ• In the grand scheme of things, the Hindenburg

wasn’t all that disastrous. Of the 97 peopleaboard, a surprising 62 survived. But whencalculating the epic status of a catastrophe,terrifying photographs and quotable quotes ("Oh,the humanity!") far outweigh body counts.

• Assembled as part of a massive PR campaignby the Hindenburg’s parent company inGermany, no fewer than 22 photographers,reporters, and newsreel cameramen were onthe scene in Lakehurst, N.J. when the airshipwent down. Worldwide publicity of the well-documented disaster shattered the public’s faithin Zeppelins, which were, at the time,considered the safest mode of air travelavailable.

• The incident effectively killed the use ofdirigibles as a commercially viable mode ofpassenger transport, ending the golden age ofthe airship not with a whimper, but with a horrificbang that was photographed and thensyndicated around the globe.

1940 Hitler In Paris• Unknown German Photographer - Paris, France

• Upon the Nazi occupation of Paris in 1940, Adolf Hitlerposed in front of the Eiffel Tower with his architect AlbertSpeer (left) and his favorite sculptor Arno Breker. Breker’smonumental neo-Classical figures vividly expressed Naziracial ideology.

• Before the Nazi occupation, the lift cables were cut by theFrench so that Adolf Hitler would have to climb the stepsto the summit of the Eiffel. The parts to repair them wereallegedly impossible to obtain because of the war. Hitlerindeed stayed on the ground. It was said that Hitlerconquered France, but did not conquer the Eiffel Tower.Some German soldiers had to climb to the top to hoist theswastika, but the flag was so large it blew away just a fewhours later, and it was replaced by a smaller one. AFrenchman scaled the tower during the Germanoccupation to hang the French flag. In August 1944, whenthe Allies were nearing Paris, Hitler ordered GeneralDietrich von Choltitz, the military governor of Paris, todemolish the tower along with the rest of the city. VonCholtitz disobeyed the order. The lifts of the Tower wereworking normally within hours of the Liberation of Paris.

• Hitler was a big fan of Paris (despite his eventual demandto have the city burnt down). He rose from the seat of hiscar as it slowly circled the Place de la Concorde beforedawn to see the city he fantasized since boyhood. Heclimbed up to top of the Parvis du Sacré- Coeur, andlooked down at the city he envisioned to recreate in theheart of Berlin.

1941 USS ArizonaBy US Navy Photographer - Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

• After the devastating Dec. 7, 1941 attack onPearl Harbor by the Japanese - this photo andseveral others like it were run in newspapersthroughout the US. The photos created aresolve in the US to avenge the attack anddeclare war on Germany and Japan.

1944 Omaha BeachBy Robert Capa - Normandy, France

• "If your pictures aren’t good enough," warphotographer Robert Capa used to say, "youaren’t close enough." Words to die by.

• Caught under heavy fire, Capa dove for whatlittle cover he could find, then shot all the film inhis camera, and got out - just barely. Heescaped with his life, but not much else. Of thefour rolls of film Capa took of the horrific D-Daybattle, all but 11 exposures were ruined by anovereager lab assistant, who melted the film inhis rush to develop it. (He was trying to meet thedeadline for the next issue of Life magazine.)

• In an ironic twist, however, that same mistakegave the few surviving exposures their famouslysurreal look ("slightly out of focus," Lifeincorrectly explained upon printing them).

1945 Raising The Flag At Iwo JimaBy Joel Rosenthal - Iwo Jima Island

• The photo depicts five United States Marines and aU.S. Navy corpsman raising the flag of the UnitedStates atop Mount Suribachi during the Battle of IwoJima in World War II. There was some confusion asto whether or not it was staged, after it was publisheddue to an error in the notes of the photographer.

• The photograph was extremely popular, beingreprinted in thousands of publications. Later, itbecame the only photograph to win the Pulitzer Prizefor Photography in the same year as its publication.

• Of the six men depicted in the picture, three (FranklinSousley, Harlon Block, and Michael Strank) did notsurvive the battle; the three survivors (John Bradley,Rene Gagnon, and Ira Hayes) became celebritiesupon the publication of the photo. The picture waslater used by Felix de Weldon to sculpt the USMCWar Memorial, located adjacent to Arlington NationalCemetery just outside Washington, D.C.

1945 Soviet Flag Over ReichstagBy Yevgeny Khaldei - Berlin, Germany

• Soldiers are shown in this photo raising the flagof Soviet Union on the roof of Reichstag buildingin Berlin, Germany in May, 1945. The flag wasmade from _ red tablecloth with the hammer andsickle themselves stamped on. This is theoriginal version of the famous picture seen onthe right where a second wristwatch or a wristcompass is missing from the other Soviet soldier(possibly retouched on purpose because it wasa stolen watch).

1945 Germans At BuchenwaldBy Margaret Bourke-White - Weimar, Germany

• Bourke-White was the first woman allowed to be a warcorrespondent for the US Army and the first woman tocross the German border with Patton. Because shewas with Patton's third army when they reachedBuchenwald, she became one of the firstphotographers to enter the death camps in Germany.

• Patton was so outraged he made the local civilianscome over and look at what their leaders had done.They are walking around in suits, clearly not looking ata pile of dead, emaciated bodies heaped on top ofeach other. One woman in the photo is shielding hereyes from the horror around her. The other people inthe photo are U.S. soldiers walking around in disbelief.

• Bourke-White said of this experience, "I saw andphotographed the piles of naked, lifeless bodies, thehuman skeletons in furnaces, and the living skeletonsthat would die the next day and have their tattooed skinfor lampshades. Using the camera was almost a relief.It interposed a slight barrier between myself and thehorror in front of me."

1945 V-J Day KissBy Alfred Eisenstaedt - New York City, NY• On August 14, 1945, the news of Japan’s surrender was

announced in the United States. Riotous celebrationserupted in the streets, but perhaps none were morerelieved than those in uniform. Although many of themhad recently returned from victory in Europe, they facedthe prospect of having to ship out yet again, this time tothe bloody Pacific.

• Among the overjoyed masses gathered in Times Squarethat day was one of the most talented photojournalists ofthe 20th century, a German immigrant named AlfredEisenstaedt. While snapping pictures of the celebration,he spotted a sailor "running along the street grabbing anyand every girl in sight." He later explained that, "whethershe was a grandmother, stout, thin, old, didn’t make anydifference."

• Of course, a photo of the sailor planting a wet one on asenior citizen wouldn’t have made the cover of Life, butwhen he locked lips with an attractive nurse, the imagewas circulated in newspapers across the country.Needless to say, "V-J Day" didn’t capture a highlyanticipated embrace by long-lost lovers, but it also wasn’tstaged, as many critics have claimed. In any case, theimage remains an enduring symbol of America’sexuberance at the end of a long struggle.

1946 Gandhi At His Spinning Wheel• By Margaret Bourke-White - India

• "Gandhi at his Spinning Wheel," the defining portrait ofone of the 20th century’s most influential figures,almost didn’t happen, thanks to the Mahatma’s strictdemands. Granted a rare opportunity to photographIndia’s leader; Life staffer Margaret Bourke-White wasall set to shoot when Gandhi’s secretaries stopped hercold: If she was going to photograph Gandhi at thespinning wheel (a symbol for India’s struggle forindependence), she first had to learn to use oneherself.

• But that wasn’t all. The ascetic Mahatma wasn’t to bespoken to (it being his day of silence.) And because hedetested bright light, Bourke-White was only allowed touse three flashbulbs. Having cleared all these hurdles,however, there was still one more – the humid Indianweather, which wreaked havoc on her cameraequipment. When time finally came to shoot, Bourke-White’s first flashbulb failed. And while the second oneworked, she forgot to pull the slide, rendering it blank.

• She thought it was all over, but luckily, the third attemptwas successful. In the end, she came away with animage that became Gandhi’s most enduringrepresentation. it was also among the last portraits ofhis life; he was assassinated less than two years later.

1948 Dewey Defeats TrumanBy St. Louis Globe Photographer- Independence, Mo.

• DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN was a famouslywrong banner headline on the front page of theearly edition of the Chicago Tribune onNovember 3, 1948. President Harry S. Truman,who had been expected to lose to Republicanchallenger Thomas E. Dewey in the 1948presidential race, won the election. Aphotograph of a delighted Truman, holding acopy of his premature political obituary, is one ofthe more famous images from the 20th Century.The headline itself is a cautionary tale forjournalists, about the dangers of being first tobreak a story without being certain of itsaccuracy.

1951 Einstein Sticks Out TongueBy Arthur Sasse• You may appreciate this memorable portrait as much as

the next fellow, but it’s still fair to wonder: "Did it reallychange history?" While Einstein certainly changedhistory with his contributions to nuclear physics andquantum mechanics, this photo changed the way historylooked at Einstein. By humanizing a man known chieflyfor his brilliance, this image is the reason Einstein’sname has become synonymous not only with "genius,"but also with "wacky genius."

• So why the history-making tongue? It seems ProfessorEinstein, hoping to enjoy his 72nd birthday in peace,was stuck on the Princeton campus enduring incessanthounding by the press. Upon being prodded to smile forthe camera for what seemed like the millionth time, hegave photographer Arthur Sasse a good look at hisuvula instead. This being no ordinary tongue, theresulting photo became an instant classic, thus ensuringthat the distinguished Novel Prize-winner would beremembered as much for his personality as for his brain.

1952 Little Rock Nine• By Will Counts - Little Rock, Ark.

• The focal point of the Little Rock Integration Crisis of1957. Nine black students, known as the Little RockNine, were denied entrance to the school in defianceof the 1954 U.S. Supreme Court ruling orderingintegration of public schools. This provoked ashowdown between the Governor Orval Faubus andPresident Dwight D. Eisenhower that gainedinternational attention.

• On the morning of September 23, 1957, the nineblack high school students faced an angry mob ofover 1,000 whites protesting integration in front ofCentral High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. As thestudents were escorted inside by the Little Rockpolice, violence escalated and they were removedfrom the school. The next day, President Dwight D.Eisenhower ordered the 1,200-man 327th AirborneBattle Group of the U.S. Army's 101st AirborneDivision from Fort Campbell to escort the ninestudents into the school.

1954 Marilyn Monroe• By Bill Kobrin - New York City, NY

• On September 14, 1954, she filmed the now-iconic skirt-blowing scene for The Seven YearItch in front of New York's Trans-Lux Theater.Marilyn showed up at 52nd Street, in the dark, inher white halter top dress, ready to pose for thesoon to become famous "blowing skirt" photoshoot 20th Century Fox had scheduled. BillKobrin, then Fox's east coast correspondent,told the June 26, 2006 Palm Springs Desert Sunthat it was Billy Wilder's idea to turn it into amedia circus: "... every time her dress came upand the crowd started to get excited.”

• Subway trains could not be depended on to runwhen Fox wanted Marilyn's skirt to billow up, sosome very lucky electrician was paid unionwages to stand on a platform under the subwaygrate and operate an electric fan on cue.

1961 First Man In Space• By Unknown Russian photographer, Star City,

Russia (USSR)

• On 12 April 1961, Russian Yuri Gagarin becamethe first human to travel into space aboardVostok 1. His call sign in this flight was Kedr(Cedar) During his flight, Gagarin famouslywhistled the tune "The Motherland Hears, TheMotherland Knows.”

• This launch along with the 1957 Sputnik 1embarrassed the United States and promptedpresident John F. Kennedy to announce in hisfamous speech that the US would reach themoon before 1970 and before the Russians.

1963 I Have A Dream• National Archieves - Washington, DC

• "I Have a Dream" is the popular name given tothe historic public speech by Dr. Martin LutherKing, Jr., when he spoke of his desire for afuture where blacks and whites would coexistharmoniously as equals. King's delivery of thespeech on August 28, 1963 from the steps ofthe Lincoln Memorial during the March onWashington for Jobs and Freedom was adefining moment of the American Civil RightsMovement. Delivered to over 200,000 civil rightssupporters, the speech is often considered to beone of the greatest and most notable speechesin history.

1963 JFK Assassination• By Abraham Zapruder - Dallas, Texas

• The Abraham Zapruder home movie of the Kennedyassassination is the only known film of the entireassassination. It is a silent, 8mm color record of theKennedy motorcade just before, during, andimmediately after the shooting.

• Zapruder filmed the scene with a Model 414 PD Bell &Howell Zoomatic Director Series Camera that operatedvia a spring-wound mechanism. The FBI later testedZapruder's camera and found that it filmed an averageof 18.3 frames per second. The entire film sequencedepicting events in Dealey Plaza consists of 486 frames,or 26.6 seconds. The presidential limousine can be seenin 343 of the frames, or 18.7 seconds.

• The two major investigations into the assassination, theWarren Commission in 1963-1964 and House SelectCommittee on Assassinations in 1977-1978, relied on itto answer questions about how the shooting happened.

1963 LBJ Takes The Oath• By Cecil W. Stoughton - Dallas, Texas

• Lyndon Baines Johnson takes the presidential oath ofoffice on November 22 as Air Force One carries his wife,Lady Bird, Jacqueline Kennedy and several WhiteHouse aides back to Washington from Dallas. Earlier,President John F. Kennedy had been assassinated, andthe speed with which this ceremony was arranged—andthe photo released—was purposeful. Johnson and hisadvisers wanted to assure a shocked nation that thegovernment was stable, the situation under control.Images from the Zapruder film of the shooting, whichwould raise so many questions, would not be madepublic for days.

1965 How Life Begins• By Lennart Nilsson

• In 1957 Nilsson began taking pictures with anendoscope, an instrument that can see inside abody cavity, but when he presented the rewardsof his work to LIFE's editors several years later,they demanded that witnesses confirm that theywere seeing what they thought they were seeing.Finally convinced, they published a cover storyin 1965 that went on for 16 pages, and it createda sensation. Then, and over the interveningyears, Nilsson's painstakingly made picturesinformed how humanity feels about . . . well,humanity. They also were appropriated forpurposes that Nilsson never intended. Nearly assoon as the 1965 portfolio appeared in LIFE,images from it were enlarged by right-to-lifeactivists and pasted to placards.

1965 Ali vs. Liston• Photo by Neil Leifer - Lewiston, Maine

• Ali stood over his fallen opponent SonnyListon, gesturing and yelling at him to getup. The moment was captured byringside photographer Neil Leifer, andhas become one of the iconic images ofsport. Ali then posed over him, with hisfists in the air celebrating the knockdown.

1968 Murder of a VietcongBy Eddie Adams - Saigon, Vietnam

• "Still photographs are the most powerful weapon inthe world," AP photojournalist Eddie Adams oncewrote. A fitting quote for Adams, because his 1968photograph of an officer shooting a handcuffedprisoner in the head at point-blank range not onlyearned him a Pulitzer Prize in 1969, but also wenta long way toward souring Americans’ attitudesabout the Vietnam War.

• For all the image’s political impact, though, thesituation wasn’t as black-and-white as it’s rendered.What Adams’ photograph doesn’t reveal is that theman being shot was the captain of a Vietcong"revenge squad" that had executed dozens ofunarmed civilians earlier the same day. Regardless,it instantly became an icon of the war’s savageryand made the official pulling the trigger - GeneralNguyen Ngoc Loan - its iconic villain.

1968 EarthriseBy Astronaut William Anders - In Orbit, Luna

• The late adventure photographer GalenRowell called it "the most influentialenvironmental photograph ever taken."Captured on Christmas Eve, 1968, nearthe end of one of the most tumultuousyears the U.S. had ever known, theEarthrise photograph inspiredcontemplation of our fragile existenceand our place in the cosmos. For years,Frank Borman and Bill Anders of theApollo 8 mission each thought that hewas the one who took the picture. Aninvestigation of two rolls of film seemedto prove Borman had taken an earlier,black-and-white frame, and the iconiccolor photograph, which later graced aU.S. postage stamp and several bookcovers, was by Anders.

1968 Black Power SaluteBy Dean Lucas - Mexico City, Mexico

• The Black Power Salute at the 1968 Summer Olympics inMexico City is a noted civil rights protest. Tommie Smith(center) and John Carlos (right) showing the Black Powersalute in addition to the salute Smith and Carlos eachwore a black glove on opposite hands. Along with thegloves, the men wore black socks with no shoes to protestblack poverty. Smith wore a black scarf that stood forblack pride.

• After completing their 200 meter race on the evening ofOctober 17 American athlete Smith, who won the race ina then world record time of 19.83 seconds, with Australia'sPeter Norman second with a time of 20.06 seconds andAmerican Carlos in third place with a time of 20.10seconds, went to collect their medals at the podium. Asthey left the podium they were booed by the crowd. Smithlater said "If I win, I am American, not a black American.But if I did something bad, then they would say I am aNegro. We are black and we are proud of being black.Black America will understand what we did tonight."

1969 Man on the MoonBy Astronaut Neil Armstrong - Tranquility Base, Luna

• The Apollo 11 mission was the first mannedmission to land on the Moon. It was the fifthhuman spaceflight of the Apollo programs, andthe third human voyage to the moon. Launchedon July 16, 1969, it carried Commander NeilArmstrong, Command Module Pilot MichaelCollins and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin 'Buzz'Aldrin. On July 20, Armstrong and Aldrinbecame the first humans to land on the Moon,while Collins orbited above.

• The mission fulfilled President John F.Kennedy's goal of "landing a man on the moonand returning him safely to the Earth by the timethis decade is out," in other words by the end ofthe 1960s. Many consider the landing one of thedefining moments of human history.

1970 Kent State Massacre

Photo by John Filo - Kent State, Ohio

Mary Ann Vecchio gestures and screams as shekneels by the body of a student, Jeffrey Miller,lying face down on the campus of Kent StateUniversity, on May 4, 1970. Original photographby Filo of the Valley Daily News and DailyDispatch of Tarentum and New Kensington,Pennsylvania; on publication, the image wasretouched to remove the fencepost aboveVecchio's head.The image convinced many that the USGovernment’s involvement in Vietnam was wrongand the National Guard’s actions were seen asexcessive.

1971 Paparazzi Gets Jackie OPhoto by Ron Galella, New York City, NY• Ron Galella was the first American paparazzo,

and probably the most infamous paparazzo ofhis day. He captured Elvis Prestley, ElizabethTaylor, Princess Diana, Michael Jackson, andFrank Sinatra on his camera, although none ofthem have posed for him. Richard Burton’sthugs beat him up. But Ron Galella remainedunfazed. After Marlon Brando broke his jaw, hereturned to take photos of Brandon wearing afootball helmet.

• Galella’s favorite and long suffering target wasJackie Kennedy Onassis. In the late 60s, whenJackie O. was living in New York, Galella bribedmany doormen and chauffeurs to follow theformer First Lady. Taken on October 7, 1971 asJackie turned towards a taxi horn with a smileon Madison Avenue, the above photo wasconsidered as Galella’s masterpiece. Jackie’stwo high profile court cases with Galella not onlygave Galella notoriety, but also kept Jackie alivein the public eye.

1972 Napalm Girl• By Huynh Cong Ut (also known as Nick Ut) -

Trang Bang, Vietnam

• Kim Phuc Phan Thi, center, running down aroad near Trang Bang, Vietnam, after a napalmbomb was dropped on the village of Trang Bangby a plane of the Vietnam Air Force. The villagewas suspected by US Army forces of being aViet Cong stronghold. Kim Phuc survived bytearing off her burning clothes.

• The photographer himself saved the girl’s life byrushing her to a nearby hospital.

1980 Miracle On Ice• By Sports Illustrated - Lake Placid, NY

• The "Miracle on Ice" was a medal-round men'sice hockey game during the 1980 WinterOlympics at Lake Placid, New York, on February22. The United States team, made up ofamateur and collegiate players and led by coachHerb Brooks, defeated the Soviet team, whichwas considered the best hockey team in theworld.

• Team USA went on to win the gold medal bywinning its final match over Finland, whofinished 4th.

• The gold medal win in hockey was a lift for theUS, who’s national spirit was mired in theIranian hostage crisis and an economy crushedby a recession.

1985 Omayra Sanchez• By Frank Fournier - Armero, Columbia

• Fournier captured the tragic image of 13-year-oldOmayra Sanchez trapped in debris caused by amudslide following the eruption of a volcano inColombia in 1985.

• Red Cross rescue workers had apparentlyrepeatedly appealed to the government for a pumpto lower the water level and for other help to freethe girl. She died of exposure after about 60 hours.

• The picture had tremendous impact when it waspublished. Television cameras had already relayedOmayra's agony into homes around the world.

• When the photo was published, many wereappalled at witnessing so intimately whattranspired to be the last few hours of Omayra's life.They pointed out that technology had been able tocapture her image for all time and transmit itaround the globe, but was unable to save her life.

1985 Afghan Girl• By Steve McCurry - Peshawar, Pakistan

• Sharbat Gula is an Afghan woman of Pashtunethnicity. Her face became famous when it wasfeatured on the June 1985 cover of NationalGeographic Magazine. Gula was knownthroughout the world simply as the Afghan Girluntil she was formally identified in 2002 after hercountry was liberated from the Taliban terrorists.

1986 Challenger Explosion• By NASA photographer, Over Kennedy Space

Center, Florida

• On January 28, 1986, the Space ShuttleChallenger and her seven-member crew werelost when a ruptured O-ring in the right SolidRocket Booster caused an explosion soon afterlaunch. This photograph, taken a few secondsafter the accident, shows the Space ShuttleMain Engines and Solid Rocket Booster exhaustplumes entwined around a ball of gas from theExternal Tank. Because shuttle launches hadbecome almost routine after twenty-foursuccessful missions, those watching the shuttlelaunch in person and on television found thesight of the explosion especially shocking anddifficult to believe until NASA confirmed theaccident.

• New Hampshire school teacher ChristaMcAullife was among the seven killed.

1989 Fall of Berlin Wall• By Andres Ramos - East Berlin, Germany

(DDR)

• During the Cold War, the Berlin wall dividedEast and West Berlin for 28 years, from the dayconstruction began on August 13, 1961 until itwas dismantled in 1989.

• Hundreds were shot trying to escape from EastBerlin before and after the construction of thewall.

• When the East German government announcedon November 9, 1989, after several weeks ofcivil unrest, that entering West Berlin would bepermitted, crowds of East Germans climbedonto and crossed the wall, joined by WestGermans on the other side in a celebratoryatmosphere.

1989 Tiananmen Square

• By Jeff Widener - Beijing, China

• This is the picture of an unknownstudent/man going to work who has justhad enough of what he has saw the daysbefore of killing of protesters done bytheir own government. He tries to stopthe tanks in Tiananmen Square bystanding in front of them and climbed ontop of the tank and began hitting thehatch and yelling (presumably for thedrivers to come out), the tank driver didn'tcrush the man with the bags as a groupof people came and dragged him away,we still don't know if the men is alive ordead as the Chinese governmentexecuted many of the protesters involved.

1993 Vulture Watches

• By Kevin Carter - Sudan, Africa

• The prize-winning image: A vulture watches astarving child in southern Sudan, March 1, 1993.

• Carter's winning photo shows a heart-breakingscene of a starving child collapsed on theground, struggling to get to a food center duringa famine in the Sudan in 1993. In thebackground, a vulture stalks the emaciatedchild.

• Carter was part of a group of four fearlessphotojournalists known as the "Bang Bang Club"who traveled throughout South Africa capturingthe atrocities committed during apartheid.

• Haunted by the horrific images from Sudan,Carter committed suicide in 1994 soon afterreceiving the award.

1995 Oklahoma City Bombing

• By Charles Porter - Oklahoma City, Okla.

• The Oklahoma City bombing, was one of thebiggest acts of domestic terrorism in the U.S.

• Like all disasters, certain images stick in ourminds as illustrations of their magnitude. And inOklahoma City, a photograph of a firemanholding a child became one of those iconicimages.

• The photographer, Charles Porter, won aPulitzer Prize for the photo, and the instant,caught in time, has changed the lives of both thefirefighter (Chris Fields) and the baby's mother,Aren Almon-Kok.

• It was 1-year old Baylee Almon who died in theblast, and she became a symbol for theAmerican innocence lost in that act of domesticterrorism.

2000 The World At Night• This is what the Earth looks like at night. Surprisingly, city lights make this task quite possible. Human-made

lights highlight particularly developed or populated areas of the Earth's surface, including the seaboards ofEurope, the eastern United States, and Japan. Many large cities are located near rivers or oceans so that theycan exchange goods cheaply by boat. Particularly dark areas include the central parts of South America, Africa,Asia, and Australia. The image is actually a composite of hundreds of pictures made by the orbiting DMSPsatellites.

2001 The Falling Man• Richard Drew - New York City, NY

• The powerful and controversial photograph provokedfeelings of anger, particularly in the United States, inthe immediate aftermath of the September 11 attacks.The photo ran only once in many Americannewspapers because they received critical and angryletters from readers who felt the photo was exploitativeand disrespectful of the dead. This led to the media'sself-censorship of the photograph, preferring instead toprint photos of acts of heroism and sacrifice.

• Drew commented about the varying reactions, saying,"This is how it affected people's lives at that time, and Ithink that is why it's an important picture. I didn'tcapture this person's death. I captured part of his life.This is what he decided to do, and I think I preservedthat."9/11: The Falling Man ends suggesting that thispicture was not a matter of the identity behind the man,but how he symbolized the events of 9/11.

2001 Raising The Flag: Ground Zero

• By Thomas E. Franklin - New York, NY

• Taken on September 11, 2001. Thepicture shows three firefighters raisingthe American flag at ground zero of theWorld Trade Center following the 9/11attacks. The official name for thephotograph used by the Bergen Recordis Ground Zero Spirit. The photoappeared on the Record front page onSeptember 12, 2001. The paper alsoput it on the Associated Press wire andit appeared on the covers of severalnewspapers around the world. It hasoften been compared to the Raising theFlag on Iwo Jima photograph taken byJoe Rosenthal during World War II andhas since appeared on a US PostageStamp.

2006 HOPE Photo• By Mannie Garcia - Washington, DC

• In April 2006, Associated Press photographerMannie Garcia took a batch of photos of then-Sen. Barack Obama at a National Press Clubdiscussion about the crisis in Darfur. One ofthose photographs later became the basis forShepard Fairey's iconic 2008 "Hope" poster, animage that came to be intimately associated withObama's campaign.

• The AP sued Fairey over the photo, charging thatFairey's use of Garcia's original infringed the AP'scopyright; Fairey's lawyers themselves filed apreemptive lawsuit, arguing that the work hecreated based on that image is protected underthe so-called "Fair Use" provisions of copyrightlaw.

• Garcia also sued Fairey and the AP, stating thathe owned the rights to the photograph.

2009 Inauguration of Barack Obama

• By Rueters - Washington, DC

• This photo, and many similar ones like it,represented to many Americans a new era inrace relations. With the election of thecountry’s first African-American president,Barack Obama was the culmination of fivedecades of progress on equality.

• The young president also echoed a similarinauguration of John F. Kennedy more than40 years before.

2010 BP Oil Spill

• By Charlie Riedel - East Grand Terre Is,Louis.

• Taken on September 11, 2001. The pictureshows three firefighters raising the Americanflag at ground zero of the World Trade Centerfollowing the 9/11 attacks. The official namefor the photograph used by the BergenRecord is Ground Zero Spirit. The photoappeared on the Record front page onSeptember 12, 2001. The paper also put it onthe Associated Press wire and it appeared onthe covers of several newspapers around theworld. It has often been compared to theRaising the Flag on Iwo Jima photographtaken by Joe Rosenthal during World War IIand has since appeared on a US PostageStamp.

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