Phonology

PhonologyPhonologyThe Study of SoundThe Study of Sound

English SpellingEnglish SpellingI take it you already knowI take it you already know

Of tough and bough and cough and dough?Of tough and bough and cough and dough?

Others may stumble, but not you,Others may stumble, but not you,

On hiccough, thorough, slough, and On hiccough, thorough, slough, and through?through?

Well done! And now you wish, perhaps,Well done! And now you wish, perhaps,

To learn of less familiar traps?To learn of less familiar traps?

Beware of heard, a dreadful wordBeware of heard, a dreadful word

That looks like beard and sounds like bird,That looks like beard and sounds like bird,

And dead: it’s said like bed, not bead—And dead: it’s said like bed, not bead—

For goodness sake don’t call it deed!For goodness sake don’t call it deed!

Watch out for meat and great and threat..Watch out for meat and great and threat..

(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt)(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt)

A moth is not a moth in mother,A moth is not a moth in mother,

Nor both in bother, broth in brother,Nor both in bother, broth in brother,

And here is not a match for thereAnd here is not a match for there

Nor dear and fear for bear and pearNor dear and fear for bear and pear

And then there’s dose and rose and lose—And then there’s dose and rose and lose—

Just look them up—and goose and choose,Just look them up—and goose and choose,

And cork and work and card and ward,And cork and work and card and ward,

And do and go and thwart and cart—And do and go and thwart and cart—

Come, come, I’ve hardly made a start!Come, come, I’ve hardly made a start!

A dreadful language? Man alive!A dreadful language? Man alive!

I’d mastered it when I was five!I’d mastered it when I was five!

Aspects of Language, Aspects of Language, 1981 1981

English SpellingEnglish Spelling

• http://international.ouc.bc.ca/Pronunciation/poem01.html

Spell CheckerSpell CheckerI have a spelling checker, it came I have a spelling checker, it came

with my pea sea. It plane lee with my pea sea. It plane lee marks four my revue. Miss steaks marks four my revue. Miss steaks aye can knot sea.aye can knot sea.

Eye ran this poem threw it, Your sure Eye ran this poem threw it, Your sure reel glad two no. Its vary polished reel glad two no. Its vary polished in it’s weigh. My checker tolled in it’s weigh. My checker tolled me sew.me sew.

A checker is a bless sing, It freeze A checker is a bless sing, It freeze yew lodes of thyme. It helps me yew lodes of thyme. It helps me right awl stiles two reed, And right awl stiles two reed, And aides me when eye rime.aides me when eye rime.

Each frays come posed up on my Each frays come posed up on my screen Eye trussed too bee a screen Eye trussed too bee a joule. The checker pours o’er joule. The checker pours o’er every word To cherub sum every word To cherub sum spelling rule.spelling rule.

Bee fore a veiling checker’s Hour Bee fore a veiling checker’s Hour spelling mite decline, And if spelling mite decline, And if we’re lacks oar have a laps, We we’re lacks oar have a laps, We wood bee maid too wine.wood bee maid too wine.

Butt now bee cause my spelling Is Butt now bee cause my spelling Is checked with such grate flare, checked with such grate flare, There are know fault’s with in my There are know fault’s with in my cite, Of nun eye am a wear.cite, Of nun eye am a wear.

Now spelling does knot phase me, It Now spelling does knot phase me, It does knot bring a tier. My pay does knot bring a tier. My pay purrs awl due glad den With purrs awl due glad den With wrapped word’s fare as hear.wrapped word’s fare as hear.

To rite with care is quite a feet Of To rite with care is quite a feet Of witch won should bee proud, And witch won should bee proud, And wee mussed dew the best wee wee mussed dew the best wee can, Sew flaw’s are knot aloud. can, Sew flaw’s are knot aloud.

Sow ewe can sea why aye dew prays Sow ewe can sea why aye dew prays Such soft wear four pea seas, And Such soft wear four pea seas, And why eye brake in two averse Buy why eye brake in two averse Buy righting want too pleas. righting want too pleas.

Jerrold H. ZarJerrold H. Zar

One Letter = Many One Letter = Many SoundsSounds

• How many different sounds make up the letter How many different sounds make up the letter A?A?

• DadDad• FatherFather• CallCall• VillageVillage• ManyMany• DameDame

Many Letters = One Many Letters = One SoundSound

• How many letters make How many letters make up the e [ i ] sound?up the e [ i ] sound?

• BeBe ee

• BelieveBelieve ieie

• CaesarCaesar aeae

• SeeSee eeee

• SeaSea eaea

• PeoplePeople eoeo

• SeizeSeize eiei

• AmoebaAmoeba oeoe

• KeyKey eyey

One Letter = No SoundOne Letter = No Sound

• How many letters can be have no sound?How many letters can be have no sound?

• PP psychologypsychology

• GG resignresign

• HH ghostghost

• SS islandisland

• WW wholewhole

• BB debtdebt

• EE serveserve

One Letter = No Sound / One Letter = No Sound / SoundSound

• How many words can you think of that can How many words can you think of that can change a silent letter to a sound letter?change a silent letter to a sound letter?

• ResignResign ResignationResignation

One Letter = Two SoundsOne Letter = Two Sounds

How many letters can have two sounds?How many letters can have two sounds?

• XX Fox Fox / k / and / s / / k / and / s /

Phonetic AlphabetPhonetic Alphabet

EnglishEnglish

ConsonantsConsonants• 25 sounds25 sounds

• VowelsVowels

18 sounds18 sounds

26 Letters / 43 sounds26 Letters / 43 sounds

IPA IPA

• http://www.omniglot.com/writing/ipa.htm

ConsonantsConsonants

11 How are the vocal cords used?How are the vocal cords used?11 Voiced Voiced 22 VoicelessVoiceless

22 What is the place of articulation?What is the place of articulation?11 BilabialBilabial22 LabiodentalLabiodental33 InterdentalInterdental44 AlveolarAlveolar55 PalatalPalatal66 VelarVelar77 GlottalGlottal

33 How is the airflow obstructed?How is the airflow obstructed?11 Stops / Fricatives / Affricates / Nasals / Liquids / GlidesStops / Fricatives / Affricates / Nasals / Liquids / Glides

ConsonantsConsonants

Bilabial

Labiodental

Interdental

Alveolar

Palatal Velar Glottal

Stops BitPit

DipTap

GoCar Button

Fricatives

VestFluff

ThenThin

ZooSnake

RougeShell Have

Affricates

JudgeChild

Nasals Man Nasty haNger

Liquids Ring Love

Glides Wood Young

VowelsVowels

11 What is the height of the tongue? What is the height of the tongue? 11 High / Mid / LowHigh / Mid / Low

22 What is the placement of the tongue?What is the placement of the tongue?11 Front / Central / Back Front / Central / Back

33 How are the lips shaped?How are the lips shaped?11 Round / UnroundedRound / Unrounded

44 What is the tenseness of the vowel?What is the tenseness of the vowel?11 Tense / LaxTense / Lax

VOWELSVOWELS

BEET

BIT

DATE

DEBT

CAT

ABOUT

BUT

BOOT

FOOT

TOE

NOT

FATHER

FRONT CENTRAL BACK

HIGH

MID

LOW

BOOT

TOE

Sounds of EnglishSounds of English

http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/#