Philosophy - Copy

What is Education

‘’Education is they process of development which consist of the passage of human being from infancy to maturity

,the process where by he adapts himself gradually in various ways to his physical &spiritual environment ‘’

-T.Raymont

Educatum: To train, Act of teachingEducere: To lead out, to draw

Educare: to bring up, raise,educate

Meaning of Education

“By education ,I mean the all round drawing out of the best in child & man-body, mind & soul “ –M.K.Gandhi.

“Education is the perfection already reached in man” -Vivekananda.

Education is the natural, harmonious & progressive development of man’s innate powers “ -Pestalozzi

Definitions of Education

As dynamic processAs development of child’s innate power

As a bipolar processAs a tri polar process

Education as

EducationAll round developmentChild centeredAcc to child's abilitiesPrepares for real lifeAll learning is self learning

InstructionLope sided developmentTeacher centeredNeglects abilitiesTo pass examinationsCramming is encouraged

Differences

Formal & Informal Education

Direct & Indirect Education

General & Specific Education

Individual & Collective Education

Types of Education

1 Meaning Instruction Development

2 Aims Knowledge Development of total personality & Social efficiency

3 Curriculum Subject centered Activity centered

4 Methods Rote Memory Learning by doing

5 Discipline Rigid,Repressionistic Self discipline

6 Examination Essay types Objective type

7 Agencies School Formal & In formal

8 Teacher Instructor Friend,Philosopher,Guide

9 child passive active

10 School Teaching shops Miniature of society

Differences

SOCIAL

NATIONAL

UNIVERSAL

Aims of Education

Universal Aims Livelihood Development of personality Intellectual development Physical development Moral development Aesthetic development Social development Cultural development Spiritual development Total development Training for civic life Training in international living

Inculcation of social feelings

Social reforms

Promotion of social efficiency

Modification of environment

Social Aims

Individual Aims Preservation of culture National security Training for leadership National development National Integration National Discipline Priority to national interest Emotional Integration

Narrower meaning

• “In the narrower sense, education may be taken to mean any consciously directed effort to develop and cultivate our powers.”

-S.S Mackenzi.

• “Education is a process in which and by which knowledge, character and behavior of the young are shaped and molded.”

-Prof Drever.

• “The influence of the environment of the individual with a view to producing a permanent change in his habits of behaviour,of thoughts and attitude.”

-G.H.Thompson.

Wider meaning

• “In the wider sense, it is a process that goes throughout life, and is promoted by almost every experience in life.”

-S.S MACKENZI“By education I mean the alround drawing out of the best in the child and

man-body, mind and soul.” -M.K.Gandhi“Education in its widest sense includes all the influences which act upon an

individual during his passage from cradle to grave.” -Dumville.

Objectives of education in relation to place

General objs (U.K)

• To raise standards at all the ability level.

• To give parents a wider choice of schools and improve the relationship between the schools and parents.

• To make further and higher education more economically relevant and available to larger numbers.

• To obtain good value for the money from the education service as whole.

Objectives of school education• To improve school mgt.• To improve a broader and balanced curriculum. To ensure that examinations

support curriculum objectives.• To implement schemes for local mgt.of schools and delegate responsibilities

(budget) and decisions to the primary and secondary schools.• To give every school an oppournity to opt out of the local authority level and

operate autonomously with the direct funding from the central govt.• To establish city technology colleges in urban areas( free edn)& with a strong basis

for sci & technology.• To improve teaching quality & to supply of suitably qualified trs.• To see that the school governors properly handle their responsibilities.• To support the extension of technical & vocational educational institutes.• To broaden the curriculum for16-8 yrs old.• To improve the response of the schools for the multiethnic society.• To improve the levels of attendance& help schools maintain an orderly

atmosphere for teaching & learning process.

Objs of school education in soviet union.

• The 27th congress of CPU (1986) placed the individual with all his requirements ,needs, problems as the central figure of every plan of concern.

• According to Gennadi yagodin ,(USSR minister of higher and higher and secondary special education)Social humanisms of no use if the realization of potentials of every individual& development of the individual’s spiritual growth.

• He visualized two imp aims-• Edn must mold the personality.• It must encourage initiavitive

Objectives of U.S.A

The education policies commission issued the purpose of education in 1938 as follows—

• Self realization

• Human relationship

• Economic efficiency

• Civic responsibility

Contd.• They have traditionally regarded education as a means of improving

themselves van the society.

• The basic American value respect for the individual has lead to major changes which the American people have placed in their schools, to foster the development of individual capacities which will enable each human being to become the best person he is capable of becoming.

• The purpose which runs and strengthens all the educational purposes in the common thread of education is the development of the individual to think.

Objectives of education in India

According to the preamble of our constitution the objectives of national policy are:

Justice: Economical,Social,Polotical.

Liberty: Thought, Believe,Expression,Faith& Worship.

Equality: Status & Opportunity.

Fraternity: To maintain dignity of Individuals & Unity of the nation.Education must orient itself to attain these goals.

Objectives acc. to time Ancient Medieval British Free India

To lead a prosperous &varied life.Total development.Salvation to be the ideal of life ,hence salvation was educative, Spiritual development.Development of personality, workshop of God, character development, character dev., civic & social duties.propogation of national culture.

Religious training, Training in others skills of life.Spread of religion.

Instill the respect for their religious principles, Laws & tradition.

Aim to create Indian (in color & blood) into English in terms of intelligence,interest,opinions,morality for white color jobs.

All round development of nation & individualTo promote nation’s interest.Synthesis between the individual and the social good.

Pestalozzi

Aim of education: According to him" the natural ,progressive and harmonious development of all powers and capacities of human being.

Methods of instruction: Acc to him a child should be thoroughly& thereafter the teaching method should be decided upon.

sense perception: He was a believer of sense perception.Use of object lesson: Teach him nothing by words that you can teach him by things themselves.Nature as an educator: Nature teaches better than man.Discipline: He forced nothing on his students but guided them to control themselves.