Pertemuan II-Toksikologi Hasil Perikanan

7/25/2019 Pertemuan II-Toksikologi Hasil Perikanan

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Pertemuan I

FISIOLOGI PASCA PANEN

HASIL PERIKANAN THP 303Perubahan Bioimia

!ati" A#rah$ S%TP$ &%S


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Pembusukan autolitikenzimatis (PAE)

Defnisi

Perubahan imia 'an bio"o(i )an(ter*a'i +a'a ian )an( te"ah matiarena +en(uraian en,imati-

mo"eu".mo"eu" utama +a'a ian/FAO$ 0012


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Pembu-uan auto"iti en,imati-

/PAE2

PAE menurunan ua"ita- te-tur+a'a taha+ aa" +ro-e-+embu-uan$ TAPIti'a

men(ha-i"an bau 'an 4a5or bu-u)an( ha-%

PAE -en'irin)a$ 'en(an -e'iit+en(aruh miroba$ bi-a menurunanua"ita- +ro'u 'an men(uran(i u-ia

+ro'u%


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Enzim Substrat Perubahan yang terjadi Pencegahan

Enzimglikolitik

G"io(en Pro'u-i a-am "atat$+enurunan +H *arin(an$ehi"an(an a+a-ita-

menahan air$ 'an mun(interbentu 6e"ah /-uhu tin((i2

Saat ri(or -uhuharu- men'eati0 7C8

Stre-- +re.ri(orharu- 'ihin'ari

Enzimautolitikyangterlibat

dalamemecahannukleotida

ATP$ A9P$A&P$ I&P

Hi"an(n)a favorian -e(ar$mun6u"n)a ra-a +ahit'en(an +ro'u-iHypoxanthine-e6ara

+er"ahan /taha+ ahir2

Sama -e+erti 'iata-Penan(anan-e6ara a-ar

mem+er6e+at+eme6ahannu"eoti'a

Cathepsin Protein$+e+ti'a

Pe"unaan *arin(an &en6e(ah+enan(anan

-e6ara a-ar-e"ama+en)im+anan'an+embon(aran

Chymotryps

in, trypsin,carboxy-

Protein$

+e+ti'a

Auto"i-i- ron((a +erut +a'a

ian +e"a(i- /+e6ahn)a+erut2

Perma-a"ahan ini

memburu'en(an


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Enzim Substrat

Perubahan yangterjadi

Pencegahan

Calpain Proteinm)o:bri""ar

Pe"unaanPe"unaan arena (antiu"it /6ru-ta6ea2

&en6e(ah ati5a-i'en(anme"en)a+ana"-ium

Collagenas

e

;arin(an

oneti#

Terbentu 6e"ah +a'a

:""etPe"unaan *arin(an otot

9e(ra'a-i *arin(an

oneti# terait'en(an atu 'an-uhu +en)im+anan

TMAOdemethylas

e

T&AO FormaldehydePen(era-an ian (a'oi'

)an( 'ibeuan

Sim+an ian +a'a-uhu < 30 7C

Penan(anan a-ar'anreezing/thawingmem+er6e+at+en(era-an aibatormaldehyde


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En,im ("io"iti


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Enzim roteolitik

9itemuan 'i otot 'an ron((a +erut

Ber+en(aruh +a'a +enurunan ua"ita-postmortem +a'a 'a(in( ian 'an +ro'u 'ari ian-e"ama +en)im+anan 'an +en(o"ahan

&en(uraian +rotein )an( 'iiuti 'en(an +e"arutan

&en(ha-i"an +e+ti'a 'an a-am amino beba-


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/PAE2

Fran Boum+hre)$ &%9% 00=

!idrolisis ikatan etida

Petida Asam amino


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/PAE2

Pe6ahn)a +erut /belly bursting2 'i-ebaban o"ehebo6oran en,im +roteo"iti 'aripyloric caeca

'an u-u- e otot 5entra"%

En,im +rotea-e ini mem+un)ai +H o+tima" +a'ai-aran ba-a /+H tin((i2 'an netra"%

>ntu men(uran(i eru-aan o"eh en,im+roteo"iti$ ian haru- 'i-im+an +a'a -uhu 0 7C'an +H 1%


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/PAE2

Contoh enzim protease

o

Ca"+aino Co""a(ena-e

o Cathe+-in

o Ch)motr)+-in$ tr)+-in$6arbo?)+e+ti'a-e


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/PAE2

En,im+en6ernaan

bi-amen)ebaban

eru-aan"an*ut -ehin((a

ter*a'ielunakanjaringan"hancurnya

dinding erut"dan

engeluarandarah yang

mengandung


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/PAE2


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/PAE2

ATP$ A9P$ I&P e#e +o-iti# ba(ia6tom)o-in +a'a ian

Ino-ine 'an h)+o?anthine e#ene(ati# ba(i a6tom)o-in


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/PAE2

Trimeth)"amine.N.o?i'e /T&AO2'emeth)"a-eD

Forma"'eh)'e e#e ne(ati# ba(ia6tom)o-in

T&AO #orma"'eh)'e 'imeth)"amine


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Li+i'

Kan'un(an "i+i' +a'aian 5ariati# /@ .02

Seba(ian ianmen(an'un( lemaktidak jenuh /EPA 'an9HA2

Ian air 'in(in umumn)a an'un(an"i+i' "ebih tin((i

Ian tro+i- umumn)a an'un(an"i+i' ren'ah /e6ua"i-ar'en2


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Li+i'

Kan'un(an "ema bi-a tin((i +a'abebera+a or(an /e?D hati ian 6o'$ 'ibaah u"it ma6ere"2

Lean muscle "ema umumn)a @

9a(in( (e"a+ a'ar "ema "ebihtin((i


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Daginggela

Daging biasa


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Pembu-uan o-i'ati#

O-i'a-i "i+i' +en)ebab utama eru-aan +a'a ian+e"a(i- 'en(an an'un(an "i+i' tin((i$ -e+erti ma6ere"

#ksigenreakti$%-u+ero-i'a$hi'ro(en+ero-i'a$atau hi'ro-i"beba-


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Pembu-uan o-i'ati#

Hi'ro"i-i- "ema -e6ara en,imati- /"i+o"i-i-2

En,im "i+a-e

&eme6ah ("i-eri'a men*a'i a-am "ema beba-

A-am "ema beba- 4a5or ten(i 'an ua"ita-min)a )an( menurun

En,im "i+a-eD en'o(enou- atau mirobia"

Sumber "i+a-eD u"it$ 'arah$ 'an *arin(an

;eni- "i+a-eD triacyl lipase, phospholipase !,phospholipase "


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Pembu-uan o-i'ati#

O-i'a-i non.en,imati-

9i-ebaban o"eh ata"i-i- o"eh -en)aa

hematin /hemo("obin$ m)o("obin 'an-itorom2

&en(ha-i"an hi'ro+ero-i'a

Penambahan a-am +enurunan +H mem+er6e+at o-i'a-i "i+i'

A-am "ema 'enatura-i +rotein


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E$ek dari oksidasi asam lemak tidak jenuh terhadaerubahan kualitas dan gizi ada makanan

&emak tidakjenuh

Peroksida

Turunan

(rasa)

('I&AI II)

atgizi

berubah (*A+'

A),oles-terol

.ross-linking

(TE,ST/+)

(0/'SI#'A&ITAS)

Pembelahan

Pengaturanulang

Senya1aamino

Senya1a2olatile

(A+#3A) (*A+'A)


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Defnisi

Se+erti rim

Ha,e"nut ten(i

Rum+ut hi*au

&in)a oi"tero-i'a-i

;amur$ me"on

;amur$ rum+ut "aut

;amur$ rum+ut "aut;amur

Hi*au$ +en(a+

&entimun

&entimun

&entimun


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.ontoh skema kesegaran ikan-sea bream yangtelah dimasak

Sko

r

Aroma +asa

@0 Aa"n)a bau mani- )an( "emah$+ati$ 'iiuti +en(uatan bau ini

Berair$ "o(am$ +ati% Aa"n)a ti'amani- ta+i -e+erti 'a(in(% Ra-amani- mun(in mun6u"

= Keran($ rum+ut "aut$ 'a(in( )an(

'ima-a

&ani-$ 'a(in($ rim$ tanaman

hi*au$ ha- Hi"an(n)a bau$ -u-u 'irebu-$

entan( rebu-&ani- 'an ra-a ha- ta+iinten-ita-n)a uran(

J Parutan a)u$ (etah a)u$entan( rebu-

Netra"

Su-u enta"$ arame"$ -e+ertitoee

Hambar

1 Bau boto" -u-u$ entan( rebu-$-e+erti ba*u 'irebu-

Se'iit a-am$ -e'iit o.4a5or

A-am "atat$ -u-u a-am$ rum+ut

"ama

Se'iit +ahit$ a-am$ o.4a5or

3 A-am "ema$ rum+ut bu-u$ San(at +ahit$ aret$ -e'iit


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T>GAS

Tu"i-"ah ran(uman u"iah hari iniM

Tu(a- 'ium+u" min((u 'e+an

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