persian words in english, filipino arabic and in the holy quran

Persian Words in English Language1. There are more than 600 Persian words in English Language today,

some of which are as fallows; Paradise,(A Persian word meaning“Walled garden” see “Panorama magazine” Manila, Sept.18, 2007).Star(setareh/ishtar), Bazaar, Caravan, Bank, Check, Chess, Roxan, Rose,Jasmine, Parthian-Shots, (=Parting Shots), Sugar (=Shakar), Paw(=Paa), Cow (=Gau), Name (=Naam), Nan (=Bread), Cake/Kookie(=kak/kooka), Nah (=No), Noh (=nine), Nov (=new), Bad and Better(=Behtar), Musk (=Mushk), Pajamas, Orange, Dervish, Khaki, Sepoy(=Sepahy), Nav (=Navy) naval, navigation, navigator, etc, Istana(=Astana), Diwan/Divan, Pashmina (=the Cashmere) Kooh-e- Noor(=Mountain of Light), Pasha, Pesh Marga, Jungle, Magi, Magic,Magician, Mummy (=Moumi) Sherryvalies (=Shalvar), Kaftan (=Caftan),Nafta (=naft), Taffeta, Shawl, Shahtoosh, Sherpa,Bang,Band,Spinach, Saffron, Lemon, Woe! (=Waa/Waay!), Gyn(=Zan/Woman) Bakh-shish, Penta (=Panj=five), Tak (=attack), Thou(=Toh), Thunder (=Thondar), Me (=Man), Am (=am), Be(beed/beedan/budan), Is (ist, ast, hast) Ex (az), Eyebrow (=Abru),Lips (=Lab), Pharao (=Far-zand or son of Ra/Mithra, the Sun-god ofPersia and later, Egypt), Pagoda (=Bot-kada= “house of idols” seeWebster), God (=Khoda also German Gott), Verandah (=Bar-amdah),Sponge (espanj), Yoga (=yough), Door (=dar), Group (=grouh), Buss(=Buseh), Officer (=Afsar/Afsara), Mouse (=Moush), Ouch (=Aaakh),Aura (=Ahura), Aurora, Murra, Ricksha (=Rakh’sh), Anchor(=Angor/langar), Barge (=Barga), Iron (=Ahan), Tutty (=tutia),Canvas (=kanaf), Shiraz/Sherry (wines from Xeres or Jeres of Spain,derived from Shiraz of Persia), Saraband (the Spanish dance; seeWebster), Scimitar/Scimiter (=Sham-shir), Woe(=waay), Reciet(=Rasid), Juvenile (=javan.) Young (=javan), Cancer(=carchang/kharchang), Quarter (=Char), Figure (=paikar), Voice(=avaaz), Two (=doh), Six (=Shesh) Nine (=noh), Ten (=dah), Dentist(=dandansaz), Aqua (Aab=Water), Rustic (=rustai), Loot (=looti),Jel (=gel), Cummerbund (=camarband), Rook (rokh), Song/Sang (sanj),Rank (rang) as well as Pope (=Papa/Baba), Pedar (=Father), Madar(=Mother), Nana (=Nanny/Mother), Brother (Baradar)Brethren(Baradaran), Brothery(Baradary), Dokhtar (=Daughter), Mama(mam = Madar) Mantra, Camphor (Kafoor) Mortal (= Mordan) Muder (=Murdeh) Morgue (Marg) Being (Boodan) Danube (= River/ Danav)Gnostic (= Da - nost = Danestan) Damp (= dam/ dama) Daddy (=Dada)Nunny (=Naneh) Grand (=gran) Sirdar, Anger (= Angara) Prestige

(=Parastesh) Pentagon (=Panj-Gosh) Opium (=Abyun) Enter/Inter(=Antare) Up/Upper (=Apar/Abar) Mind (=Mand/Man) Devil (=Dev) Candy(=Qand) Rice (=Ros) Rose (=Rouz) Checkered, Scarlet, Tiger, etc.(see “Developing skills in Grammar, Manila”, 2006/ P.13). Rout/Road(=Roud, River), Kiosk (=Koosh’k), Salamader (Salamadar), Mana(human/man/mind), Gyan (Dan/ Danesh/Danestan). Saluki (Persianhound/hund), Tarragon (Tarkhoon), Cuchy (Khoshi/see Webster), Perse(dark-grayish blue), Jakal (Shaghal) Bush/Bosch (Boteh), Barbican,(Barbar-Khana/see Webster) Baro (Barometer) = weight, pressure fromPersian “Bar” Cinnabar, Cypress, excheques, gazelle, henna, Jargon,Jasper, Julep, Kabab, Julep (=Gulab/Rose water, see Webster)Jungle, lilac, lime, margarine, marguerite, miuscadel, myrtle,narcissus, palanquin, paradise,shawl, peach, peacock, pear, putte,rook, saccharine, sash, satrap, seersucker, tapestry, tiatra,tiger, tulip, turban (= Dul-band) Leopard (=Parthian Lion) ( Ref.“The splendor of Persia” Robert Payne, U.K. 1989). Mourn/morning (=Moura/zanja-moura) Durbar (Darbar or Diwan of the shah) Un (=likeIran and un-Iran =Aryan and non-Aryan) Ic (=belonging to likeArabic, Milosovic, etc.) Mamal (Mameh) Chakra/Charka (charkh, liketo the Persian wheel, etc.) Shire (shahr) six (shish) Lout(=Louti/Loudi) Pilaf/Pilan or Paella in Spanish (Poloh/Polo)Janissari (=Jan Nesari) Sour (=Shoor), Fairy (Pari/Fereshteh),Caviar (from Persian words “Kahv”=cake egg amd “Yar” = energy,meaning “Cake egg of strength” See “Panorama” Manila), Bronze(=Brenj), Chebulic Myrobalan (Bereng Kabuli), Achar (Pickle),Afreet (afrida/ afridi/spirit), Alorithm (Al-Khwarizmi; the PersianMuslim mathematician), Anger ( Angra minu/Ahriman/ evil spirit),Angel (Angaros, imperial Persian courier-Wikipedia), Arsenic(zarnig) Arya/Aryan, Aas (Poker game), Azur (Azul from Persian“lajward”), Babul (acacia “Arabica), Balcony (from Bala=above +Khana = house) Belushi (Baluchi/Baluch tribe of Persia) Ban (titlefor “governors of Croatia/ Balkans. Probably even “Bandera/Bandanaetc.), Barbican (from Persian ‘Khameh/Khan=house), Beige, Bellum(Balam), Bezoar (paad – zahr =/antidote), Biryani (Beryan =roasted, grilled) Tandoori (from Persian Tandoor = oven/Kiln)Morgha (from Morgh = Chicken) Boombast (from Persian “Pamba”cotton/ =inflated but empty), Bronze (from Persian Berenj/ copper)Brinjal (from badinjan/eggplant) Caftan, cannon (Kanoon), Calabash(=calabasa=kharbuza), Calean (=galyan, shishah water pipe),Calendar (=qalandar), candy (qand/qandi), Carafe (qarabah)Caravansary (=caravan – sara) Carcoon (Tarkash/Tir – kash), Cash(=karsha/Khordah), Cassock (kahz – ghand) Caviar (khaye = egg +

yar= energy or dar=having), Ceterach (shitarakh), Chakra (charkh)Charpoy (char – paye) Checkmate (Shah – mat =/king shocked), Chess(=shah), Chick (chiq) Cinnabar (=zahjifrach), Coomb (from Gonbad =dome), Culgee (from Kalgi) Cummerbund (Kamar = waist + band = tie),Cushy (=Khushi), Deva (=Deev) Dervish (Darvish), Demitasse =(tasht), Doab (doh=two/ab=water=;and between two rivers)Dogana/Advana (Ad-Diwan = account book/customhouse), Emblic(Aamlah) Euphrates (=ufratu=sweet water/good to cross over) Ghee,Galingale (Khal-anjan) Gigerium (Gigar/Jigar) Gizzard (seeGigerium) Gunge (Genj) Jackal (shaghal) Jasmine (yasmine/yaas)Jujube (zayzakun) Juleb (gulab) Tulip (=doh – lab = two lips) Kabob(Kabab), Kaftan (Khaftan) Kambo (the warrior caste inIndia/Indochina ad Kambodia, related to Persian King Cambyses –Merriam – Webster dictionary and Encyclopedia Britannica) Karez(=Kareez, the underground water system), Kemancha (musicalinstrument) Kerana (musical instrument) Kenaf (fiber) khaki, Khoja(Khawja) Kiosk (kushk = Gushak = corner/pavilion/palace), KoohiNoor (Mountain of light) Kran (Quran/coin), Kurta (Shirt), Lac(shellac) Lamasery (from Persian seray = house like of caravasarai,etc), Larim (=lari) Lascar (lash-gar=army) Lemon (limooj), Lilac,Laari (the Maldivan coins from Laar of Persia), Manticore (mard +khor = man – eater), Murra, musk, Naptha (naft) Neftgil (Germanfrom naft + gil = the gel of naft or Naptha clay) Nargil, Naan(bread) Papoosh (shoe from pa = leg + poosh = cover) Pasar (=Bazaarin Indonesia, Malaysia, etc) Pasha (prince /pad + shah = smallerking), Peach (from Persicum, like malum Persicum = Persian apple),Percale (Pargalah type of clothe), fairy (pary), Pilaf (Polov),Pistachio (Pistah) Popinjay (parrot), Punjab (panj = fine + Aab =water = five rivers) Panjacila (five principles of Dr. Sukarno ofIndonesia), Pyke (from Hindi Prayik from Persian payk = messenger /errand boy), Rank (vang=color/level by colors), Roc (Rukh/Bind)Rook (Rukh in chess) Rose, Roxanne (shinning/bright likeRuz=daytime), Samosa (Sambusa) sandal, Sapindales (spand/espand),satrap, scarlet, Scimatar (Shamshir), Sepoy (sepahee/soldier),Serangho (Saray=inn) Serendipidity, Shabundar/Shabandar(shah=king/ruler + Bandar = port/harbor) shame (sharm), Sherry(from Jerez of Spain, ultimately from Shiraz of Persia),Sherryallies (shalwar) Sitar (three – stringed musical tool)spinach, Ginger (zawjabil/zingiber officinale Rosc), Sugar (Shaker)Suclat (saqalaat/woolen cloth) Tabor (tambur) Taffeta(Taftah/wollen) Taj Mahal (“the crown/the best of all buildings”)or “the crown Place”) Talc (talf) Tambour/Tambourine/ Tanbur,

Tandori (of owen) Tapestry (from Taftan/Tabidan/Taab) Tar (she taretc.) Tar (chemical from ka – tira/Qitra/Qitran) Tarboosh (sar –poosh/head gear/hat/cap) Tarragon (tarkhoon) Tass (tasht/cup) Tiara(Tara/seh – tara/star) Tiger (tigris/origin Persian) Tigris(pointed/sharp) Tulip (doh – lab = two – lips) Turban (dul – bandsee Webster) Typhoon (Toofan) Vispered (=veepers – the Avestanrituals) Zanza (music.senj) Tool (=dool, a bucket to fetch water)Caiesar/Kaiser/Tsar (=Persian Emperor Kasra, the first empire inhistory) Van (short for Persian classic Caravan) see Webster; Mezze(=Mazeh, starters in food) Calabasa or Calabash (=Kharboza) Amuchor Amok (=ultimatel, from A+Mokk, No+Brain) Aprhodite=Afviti/Afridi) Aloe (Ilwa/Lily) Slamandar (=Samandar) Tar(=Tar/Tarik) Sardin (=Sard) Myrtle (=Moord/Moort/Aas) Inter(=Antare) Enter (=Antare) Amaranath/Amarantheis (Amarantum/Amardad)Ace (=Aas) Ambrosia (=Ambariyah) Ambergris (=Ambari) Alcove (=Ala –Chiq) Baklava (=Baaflava) Salwar (=Shalwar) Sanjaree (=Sanjaree)Burgue (=Borj) Tone (=Dong/Dang) Bandle (=Band/Basteh) Cave (=qaaf)Caucasus (=Qaf – qaaz) Magna/Magnanimous/Magnanimity (=Magus/Magi)Sir (Sar/head/chief) Sacckhar/Saccharim/Saccharose (=PersianShakar/Sugar) Serendipidity (=Sandib/Sarandip) Alcazar (=castle/from Arabic Al + Qasr=from Persian Kasra/Emperor’s place) Asphalt(=Az-zoft in Arabic, ultimately from Persian “zoft”) Tar (gum)Saw/saving (=sawhan) Chase/Chastity (=Chisht and Chishti)Mayor/Major/Magistrate/Majesty/Majestic etc. (=Magus/Magi) Lumber(=Lambar/Lanbar) Puff (=Poff) Dolma (=food=Dolmah) Lily(=Nili/Nilu-far) Kind as in kindish people (=Kard=did/Action alsorelated to Carma) Carma (=Karma/Karna/kard/action) Hey!(=Aey!/Aya!) Korta (=Kurtah, origin of “Shirt”) Leg (=Leng/Lenga)Wine (=from old Persian “May”) Astarkhan = Haji-Tarkhan (the lamband the city in Causcus from old Persia) Brinijal (=Baderjan)Orgue/Organ (Arg/Arghanoon) Shirwani (=of Shirwan an old PersianCity in Caucasus/a jacket callet Nehru jacket which is Persianinfluence in India/Pakistan/Bangladesh, etc.) Day (=Day=Day-ruz.Also the name of the Persian month “Day” also “Din” inHindi/Sanskrit) Apricot (=Barkuk/Gauja/Aaloo) Bronze(=Brenj/Brenji/Brenjin) Tazik (=Tazi from Taj, Persian for crown,someone who wears Taj/crown that the Aryans used to wear/Also Tajikpeople of Tajikistan/ Also the “Tazi” of Arabia in Shahnamah ofFirdausi, the Persian royalty who migrated to Arabia severalthousand years ago and established the caravans and the “firstCities” of Arabia, among the native Beduins of which the name“Medina/Madina” or city (=from “Medes/Mhads” the first people who

started cities in the world) For details, see The Lexicon of AliAkbar Deh-Khoda, under Tazi. Punch (=Ponch/Fonch) Gaz/Gaze (=Gaaz)Booz (=from Persian “Booza” which is also the origin of the wellknown Arabic ”Boodah”) Bacteria (=Baktar) Bangara (=Bangarah) Bhang(=Bang) Bezique (=Bazik=Bazi the Persian for “game”) Bezaar (=fromPersian Pad-zahr) Bezoar goat (first domesticated animal in theWorld/in Persia) Balcony (=Bala Khooneh) Bora /Borate/Borated/Borax(=Burdah) Bore (=Boor) Bouquet (=Bogh-cheh) Boata (=Bot) Vaccine(=of vacca=cow amd gao) Susan (=kind of lily or Nili, Nilu, Nilu-far) Garble (=Garbal/Gharbil/Gharbal) Gargle (=Ghar-ghar)Hurray/Hurrah (=Hura! From the Persian sun god “Hur” which is Khorand Khor-sheed, today) Zedoary (=zad-var) Musol (the oldPersian/Kurdish City now on the borders of Iran with Iraq, but partof Iraq, today) from which the Muslim and Musselini are derived.Muskmelon (from the Persian word “Musk”) Two (Doh) Seh (=three)Four (Chahar/char) Fine (=Panj) Six (Shish) Hasht (=eight) Noh(“Nine”) Dah (=ten) Easy (=Asaan) Choreces (=from the Persian“Khoroos” the rooster) Tap (=tap-tap) Cuf (=carboy/Gharraba) Carboy(=cap) Gharraba (=Gharraba) Hermes (the Greek god) from the Persiangod Hormozd or Ahura-Mazda, Demijohn (=Damjana/Dam-ghani or fromDam-ghan city of Persia/=carboy/Gharraba) Danub river (=from Danupeople + Persian/Aryan word “Ao”=water/river, etc.) Shaman(=Ataman/from the Aryan/Persian origin) Carafae (=Qarrab/carboy)Spy/ Espionage (=the old Phalari word “Spaso”) and probablythousands more to be discovered in the future! Ether (=Azar as inAzarbaijan= Lan of the fire temple/ also Aatash, like Aag, inSanskrit: House (=Haosyanha= Hooshang, from the name of thelegendary Persian King, who was the first to teach the cave man howto build a house for themselves , thus the work house was adoptedfrom the name of the inventor Haosyanha.)

Persian Words in Filipino Languages

Q: 1. Are these words Qaum and nākhodā originally Farsi?A: Qaum = Arabic (Persian also) = tribe; relativesQ: 2. Would you know of a Farsi dictionary with historical etymologythat is in English that I can use to refer to these words?

A: Check Iranian Lexicon of Deh-Khoda/PersianDictionary/WikipediaQ: 3. Is there a reference book in English that can tell me in whatlanguages these words have been borrowed?

A: Wikipedia/ English Borrowed Persian words- - - - -

Kauman or kawman = probably also the Holy City of Qom, comes fromArabic/Persian Kaum = relatives; tribe

means a group of people, clan, it’s from Arabic, qaum, with thesame meaning [1].

In Sama word kauman is derived from kaum+an, a locative affix inPhilippine languages, or means an enclave or settlement where a clan iscognatically related group [2].(Note: According to the late Dean Majul of UP Islamic Studies i.e. Dr.Caesar Adib Majul, there are some 600 words in Filipino languages ofthe Arabic and Persian origins, Examples:

1) The Names of the Days of the Week in Muslim South. (Look for thenames of the days of the week)

Names of the Days of the Week in Maranao, Maguindanao, and Tausug:Monday = Isnim (= Ethnaym)Tuesday = Talaata (= Thalatha)Wednesday = Ar-baa (= Ar-ba-ah)Thursday = Khamis (= Khamees)Friday = Jomaa (= Jom-ah)Saturday = Saptu (= As-sabt)Sunday = Akad (= Al-Ahad)

2) words like: 1) Salamat 2) Akala 3) Alam 4) Labas 5) Kitil (Qatl)6) Dilim 7) Mamatay (Maat) 8) Kuya (Khuya) 9) Ala Eh (=Allah Eh!)10) Bastah (package, see Father English’s Tagalog-English

Dictionary) 11) Alak (Araq) 12) Hayop (=Hayy =Living beings) 13)Warak (=a leaf of a tree or of a book, etc) 14) Kapre (=Kafir,unbeliever) 15) Takot (=Taqwa) 16) Hukum 17) Aba! ((=Aba!=strange, wonderful) See Persian Names p. 1) 17) Abayari (=Abyari= thin/dove) 19) Batya (= from Arabic Batya, but originallyPersian meaning basin) 20) Sabao (=Shurba = soup/broth) Note: Even“Lugao” which is considered to be Chinese ends in “Au” which isPersian/Aryan word for water, like Lanao, Davao, carabao, as wellas the “Eau de Cologne!” etc.

- - - - - EtymologyPersian nākhodā, from nāw, boat, + khudā, master.Yes Persian naw = Boat from which English Navy/Navigation/Navigatorcome.Khoda = Persian for God/god/Lord/Master/Chief

DictionaryIn India, the captain or master of a boat or vessel.Synomym: captain[1] The meanings of the terms kauman and nakhoda were obtained from mypersonal communication with my colleague from the University of thePhilippines Prof. Maria Khristina Manueli of the Department ofLinguistics[2] In Bahasa Melayu it means an ethnic group, i.e. …[of Bumiputeragroups in Sabah (Bumi = Persian/Sanskrit word for Natives)] the thirdethnic group [kaum] is the Badjau, Nagatsu, K. quoting from officialhigh school textbook 2001:220). In some literature on the Badjaustatus (Chou, c.2005; Gusni, Saat, 2003; etc.), it is often cited thatsendentarized Badjaus have attained higher status compared to those whoseasonally live on houseboats and/or house-on-piles.

- - - - - Some more Persian words in Filipino

1) korma = dates (fruit, sweet)

2) komaw = kom-aw = jug of water (see Father English Dictionary ofTagalog-English)

3) Carabao/Cubao/Tamarao = Cow of Au = (Persian word for water (WaterCow/Buffalo))

4) All names ending in “Au” like Lanao/Davao/Maranao/Mindanao = isPersian word for water (like Eau de Cologne)

5) Maynilad = from Nila/Nilu, Persian for Lily

6) Pasay = from Turkish Pasha from Persian Padeshah (smallking/prince) versus Shah (the Great King)

7) Alabang (probably from Allah Bang (Persian bang call of Allah/Azanfor Muslim prayers)

8) Datu (chieftain) Persian, see Persian Names by Maneka Gandhi/India1994 edition.

9) Cabin (Persian “marriage ceremony”) Cavin Du-a among the Tausugs

10) Mana/(Tagalog mana = similar/ka mukha) Persian related tothe Persian prophet Mani (300 A.D.) See Persian Names (by ManekaGandhi/India 1994)

11) Salakhod = Persian “kola-khod” special cap or headgear forMuslim Datus (like Nur Misuari style)

12) Barzanji (Muslim chants) religious songs

13) Darageen (epic songs of Mindanao) probably from Persian“Taraneh” = song/chants/epics, etc.

14) Abdan (water jug/small pool) in the entrance of the palace ormansions of Datus.

15) Pusa = cat in Filipino, probably from the Persian word“Puzah” which refers to the “snout” of the animal. Nguso inTagalog or “snout” sounds very close to “Puzah” or “Puzeh” in oldPersian.

16) Adarna (Ibong Adarna/Darna) The name of a big flying birdwith long neck and legs, is a famous Persian bird.

17) Bata (= Persian = Bach-cha) a “child”

18) Manok (= Persian = Morgh (see “Persian Names”))

19) Sari-Manok (= Simorgh) see Shahnama of Firdausi – the storyof Rustum x Sahrab

20) Bazar or Bazaar (= the Persian markets)

21) Labi (= Lab) - or lips

22) Lakad (= Lagad) – the legs/kicking with legs, etc.

23) Basta (Spanish, but ultimately from the Persian word “Bas”meaning “enough” or “enough already, stop!”) etc.

24) Ratu = same as datu, chieftain, priest, prophet

25) Bayad (=must, what is necessary)

26) Hatao (=At once, see Persian Names p. 165)

27) Yan (=Aan/Un)

28) Yin (=In/Hamin)

29) Ini (=Ineh!)

30) Warat (=Warat) see Amid Persian Dictionary

31) Pilikmata (=Pelke(chashm))

32) Yaya (=Daya/Dayeh)

33) Takuri (=Quri)

34) Bobo (=Babu)

35) Bato (=Batu/see Persian Names p. 84)

36) Kulong (=Kolun, a kind of lock in olden days behind thedoors/gates, etc.)

37) Lugao (=the “ao” is definitely a Persian/Aryan word for waterlike Lanao/Davao/Carabao/Tamarao, as well as “Eau de Cologne!”)

38) Siopao (see Lugao explanation)

39) Sabao (=Shurba/Soup/Broth) See Lugao explanation

40) Wasak (=from Arabic, but ultimately from Persian)

41) Lahar (El-Khar = Khar-re = mud)

42) Mukha (=from Arabic, but ultimately from Persian)

43) Dangwa (=Dangua, Country, Land, see Persian Names p. 106)

44) Pasay City, from Turkish Pasha (=Prince) ultimately fromPersian Padeshah (=small king/prince vs. Shah = the Great King).Pasay City was the city ruled by the son of Rajah Lakandula ofTondo, therefore it became “the city of the Pash” or Pasay City.(Note: Pasay Road in Makati City and several other similar namesof places)

45) Pasig River – probably from “Pasa Ilog” (River of thePrince/Ruler or the “Prince of Rivers” from the PersianPasha/Padshah (see Pasay City))

46) Marawi City – probably from the ancient Persian city of“Marv” or “Merv” which is now in the Central Asian Republic ofTurkmenistan.

47) Cotabato (cota-bato or castle of stone) the word cota comesfrom a Persian word meaning “mound/castle” and “bato” is anotherPersian word meaning “stone/seeds of cherry etc.” like “buto” inTagalog. (See Persian Names/India/1994 p. 84)

48) Butu = from Persian “Butu” = pill/seeds of cherry etc.

49) Dusa, from Persian word Duzakh meaning Hell/hardship. (seeTagalog-English Dictionary by Father English, National Bookstore,2002.)

50) Ilao = light, probably from Persian sun god “Ra” or “Mitra.”

51) Araw = “Day or sun” probably from “Ra” or Mitra the Persiansun god (see Ilao)

52) Paa = from Persian word “paa” meaning leg (=like the Persianwords of “pa-jamah” or pyjama the “cloth of legs.” See Webster)

53) Salawal = from the Persian word “Shalwar” (Also used inIndian, Arabic, and some other languages) meaning “pants.”

54) Nanay = from Persian word of endearment for mother (Note:Even mother is from Persian “madar”)

55) Tatay = father, from the Persian word “Dada” meaning “oldman” or father

56) Salabat = from “Sharbat” in Arabic and Persian ultimatelyfrom the Persian “Shar-Ab” or “Zar-Ab” meaning “Golden water” or“wine.” Today it means also any sweet drinks (soft/hard). Eventhe English “syrup” comes from that Persian word “Sharbat.”

57) Bulul = the rice god of the native Filipinos, probably from“Boh-lul” a legendary Arabian/Persian mystic of the 8th centuryA.D. (contemporary of the Khalifah Harun Ar-rashid – 764-809 A.D.)

58) Batalla = Either from the Indo-Aryan (=Persian) “veda” or“vatara” who was a deity, or from Arabic “Baitullah,” “House ofGod”

59) Padre = from the Spanish for “priest” or father butultimately from Aryan (=Iranian) word pedar/petar meaning“father.”

60) Madre = from the Spanish word “Madre” meaning “nun” or femaleCatholic religious worker, but ultimately from the Aryan(=Iranian) word “Madar” or mother.

61) Kaka = from the Persian word “Kaka” meaning elder brother(=from the Pahlavi-Avestan word of “Ha-Kha” as in the Ha-Kham orthe “Ha-Kham-Ens” the Achamenian dynasty of Cyrus the Great – seePersian Names/India/1994 p. 156)

62) Kuya = from the old Persian “Ha-Akhu” or “Akhuy” meaningelder brother (see “Kaka” for details).

63) Hiya = from Arabic “Hayaa” meaning“shyness/shamefulness/shame.” It’s also used in Persian in thesame meaning.

64) “Ao” = the most famous suffix in Tagalog language like:Mindanao/Lanao/Davao/Cubao/Carabao/Tamarao etc. All come fromthat Persian word “ao” for water.

65) Aub-dast = the Muslim word for Ablution (=wodu in Arabic)comes from the Persian word “Aa” (see “Ao”) and “dast” the Persianword for “Hand.” It means “washing hand for prayers.” (Note:Even Chinese Muslims in Hong Kong or the mainland China use Aub-dast. Even Eastern European Muslims in the Balkans and the formerYugoslavia say the same.)

66) Alabang = from two Persian and Arabic words of Allah (meaningGod) and “Bang” (like the Big Bang), the Persian word for “call”(to prayer) meaning “To shout or inform the people for prayer toAllah). The towns of Alabang in Metro Manila and Malabang inMindanao probably got their names from Allah + Bang!

67) Farman = the Persian word for “order/command/ruling.” It isused by the Muslim Filipinos to mean the “Teachings of the HolyProphet Mohammad (P.B.U.H.).

68) Iranon = the famous Muslim tribe of Mindanao probably from an“Aryan” ancestry or “Iranian.” Also take note of the “Iraya”festivals and the Irian-Jaya in Indonesia and Ireland (=Land ofthe Aryans) etc.

69) Hukum = the judge in Filipino comes from the Arabic wordmeaning “ruler” or “judge” but that also comes from the Hebrew“Ha-Kham” (=Rabbi/Judge) and finally from the old Persian Ha-Kham-Ems (=the ruler/protector of the people) see Persian Names p. 156

70) Araw ng Hukum = the Day of Judgment, both the words of Arawand Hukum are originally Persian (See Araw x Hukum for details)

71) Siyasat = the Filipino word for “investigation by governmentagencies,” probably from the Arabic/Persian origin of “syasat”which means “Governance/Policy/Politics/Punishment,” etc.

72) Panjtan = Either from the Indo-Aryan (=Iranian) “Panchait”meaning the “Village Council/Council of the Elders” or from the

“Pantjan,” the “Five Holy Members of the Family of the HolyProphet” about who the verse 33 of the Chapter 33 in the HolyQur’an, was revealed.

73) Mano-Sya = A human being, a man, from the Indo-Aryan(=Iranian) “man.” “Mana” meaning “mind”/“Human.” (See PersianNames p. 259)

74) Manok = chicken comes from the Persian “manuk” and later on“Morgha” meaning “chicken.” See Persian Words p. 261

75) Sari-Manuk = from the legendary Persian bird of “Simorgh”which is in the famous Persian epic of Rustom and Suhrab in theShahnamah of Firdausi.

76) Mana = the Tagalog word for “taking after” from the Persianword “Mani” (the Persian prophet) and “Mandan” meaning “similar tosomeone or something.” See Persian Names p. 259

77) Ito = Filipino for “This/this is . . .” from the old Persianorigin of “Eton” meaning this (Note: Also in the Slavic languageslike Russian it’s used as: “Eta” meaning this)

78) Tabo = from the Persian word “Aub-taba” = water holder orTaba for any container of water, food, etc.

79) Samar = probably from “Samar-kant,” the Ancient Persian Cityin Central Asia (Now part of Uzbekistan) which was named after theKing Samar. (See Persian Names p. 390)

80) Ahon = probably from the Persian word “Ahon,” a cave or anunderground way meaning a road, a path. (See Persian Dictionaryof Ameed p. 77)

81) Sako = from the Spanish word saco = sac but ultimately fromPersian.

82) Kalabasa, from the Spanish word calabasa meaning squash whichitself comes from the Persian word “Khar-boza” (probably duringthe 700 years of Moorish rule in Spain, where most of the “Arab”scholars there were actually Persian Muslims, whose Islamic names

and Islamic looks were mistaken as “Arabs across the board” as theword Saracin (=meaning Khorasanis or Persian Muslims in theIslamic Army) meant “Arab” to the whole world!

83) Ama = from the Persian word “Ama” (=God) See the PersianNames p. 27.

84) Manila = comes from the word May-Nilad which is the Persianword “Nila/Nilu/Nilufat” meaning Lily flower. So, May-Nilad meanswhere Lily flowers grow abundantly.

85) Ustad (=the religious teacher or guru) comes from the samePersian word. The Filipino and Chinese Muslims use it for theirreligious teachers (Note: Even in Arabic, the same old Persianword is in use, today)

86) Palawan = probably from the Persian word “Palava” or “Palaba”or “Pahlavi” meaning “nobles/city people vs. villagers.” Even inIndia and Java and probably “Palao” in the Pacific Ocean, thewords go back to the Persian tribe of Pahlavi (see “Hinduism” byH. K. Narayan, 2001)

87) Pagoda = the Buddhist Temple, comes from the Persian word“Bot-Kada” (=house of idol). See Webster Dictionary.

88) Abdan = the “water jar” in the entrance of the palaces ofDatus in Mindanao comes from the Persian word “Aub” = water + Dan= place or “water holder.”

89) Barzanji or Barzangi = from the Persian word Bar + zang/zanjmeaning religious chants about Allah, or about the Holy ProphetMohammad or his descendants or the Sharifos in Mindanao.

90) Here are some Persian Names n the Filipino languages: 1)Rajah Humabon of Cebu from Indian-Aryan (= Iranian Rajah = Ruler)and Humayun the legendary Persian King. 2) Rustum 3) Sohrab 4)Cyrus 5) Darius 6) Parvin 7) Firdausi 8) Pasha 9) Xerxes 10)Firooza 11) Roxan/Roxana 12) Bandali (Banda Ali) 13) Panjatan 14)Mitra 15) Amil Hosain 16) Amil Hasan 17) Fariba

For more details please see this written article on “Persian Influencesin South East Asia” plus the “Contribution of Persia to the WorldCivilization.”

Thanks and more power.Prof. M.S. TAJAR

Persian words in Arabic and

in the Holy Qur’an

ة� ي� ب�� ة� العر ی اللغ� ة ف� ارسي� الکلمات� الف�م ��و الق�ران" الکری

ی ب)' ان" عر '�ب ارسی در ر� �ات� ف گ لغ� �رهن� فم ��ن" کری �را7 و ف

ج'ر �گریB :دکت�ر محمود ت Eة کاوش 'با همکاری حسن" شاعی 'و ب

دا �ام خ �ة ب 'ب

وع �ن"موض ده ا7 وی�سن� �یZن" و ن ن\ Zلی ن� �د در ف ��دب 'ت� خ ات' لغ� ی کن� : معرف�

اسی ن� Eس �ای '�ب ات� ر� ف� ی� حق� �م )ار� ت ��ن" کری �را7 ی و ف ب)' ان" عر '�ب ارسی در ر� �ات� ف گ لغ� �رهن� ات' »ف کن�م ی� اسی مق� ن� Eس �ای '�ب ان" و ر� '�ب اد ر� سور محمود طج'ر«،اسن� �وسط »پ\روف �(،ن ات� ی لغ� '�ب ا �ة ب Eش�rی و ر

شE ار� Zی �سور طج'ر ب �کل گت�ری است� .پ\روف EیZن" ،در خال ش ن\ Zلی ن� �ارسی30ف �ان" های ف '�ب شال ر�ور Eسن" ک �ی ای گاه دولت� Eش �ملة دای 'یZن" ،ار� ج ن\ Zلی ن� �لف� ف ت� گاه های مخ� Eش �ی را در دای ب)' و عر

ان" مولف� Eش�دری�ش کرده است� . ای �ان"50) (ب '�ب هار ر� \ة چ 'ات' ب کن�سی و گلی� �مة ان 'رج �ا پ '�ران" را ب ار هم ف '؛و سة ب ی است� ��اب ن� ��ب ا ارسی و اسن\ �سی،ف گلی� �ی،ان ب)' عر

اد ،در وری است� کة اسن� اد ا7 �ة ب 'م ب . لار� ة است� ي� �ر شاح Eش ی� ات\ و من� \ن" خ ی� �ط� لاب لف� �ر و ب شت� ق� �تغة ی� Eن" اشلام و س ی� ف� ن" محق� ��ری �کی ار� پ\رکارپ ZیZن" و ب ن\ Zلی ن� �ور ف Eسده ک وی�سن� �ن" ن �rی ت�ر Eروس� ر پ\رف خال خاض�

.است�ار ن" هر� �rی د ت� \دمت� ح �ی کة ف ب)' ان" عر '�ب ارسی در ر� �ات� ف اسی لغ� ن� Eس ار� 'ان" ب Eش�ر ای Eن" اپ ��ری �ه پ ار� �ب

د Eاش 'م می ب ��ن" کری �را7 ارسی در ف �ود کلمات� ف 'ن" وج ی� ت� .شالة دارد،و همخ\سی) گلی� �ارسی در ان �ات� ف اره لغ� 'ات' ،در ب ن" کن� �من" در ای �ان" های700در ض '�ب (و ر� ت� لغ�

ة �داگاب 'صل خ �ی هم ف ��ب ا ��ب ر» �دوپ �دی واب لن� �اب �ی،ب ت� ی� \ی،خ ��ب ا ��ب ی،مالر� ت� Zی ن\ Zلی ن� �ل:ف Eنا م سن� ی ا7 رف� Eوت' ش ن» 'حود دارد '.ای وج

ة 'اد ب کة اسن� ن� ��ة اب 'ة ب وج' �ا ن 'ی12ب ��اب ن� Eس ی و عت'ری هم ا7 ب)' ان" عر '�ب ملة ر� 'ان" ،ار� ج '�ب ر�ی اپ�ران" و ت� �گ غ �رهن� ای ف ن� 'پ�rر ب ی ر� ��اشاب ن� Eان" در س Eش�اسی ای ن� Eان" س '�ب ات� ر� ف� ی� حق� �د،ت �دارب

مدن" �ان" در اشلام و ت ن� ��شE اپ�راب ق� �ل ار� اشلام،و ت ن' �ی ف ی ،حت� ب)' ا عر 'ن" ب ن" ا7 �rی اد ن� ی� 'شE ب ر� مت� ا7ة است� وج' �الب' ن 'ی؟(خ ب)' .اشلامی )و عر

ا �م،ب ��ما ارشال می داری Eة ش وج' �هت� ن 'ات' را چ ن" کن� �صل اول ای �داری ار� ف ة مف� �موب �پ'رای تل، و �اب �هت�ری ب 'ة ب ج' ی� ی� «ة ب 'ن" کار ب �ما،ای E�ی ش �اب ف� ی� حق� �دا و همکاری موسشة ت �واست� خ �ة ج 'د ب �اب Eش

ود Eدام ش �ن" در اپ�ران" هم اف ات\ ا7 \هت� خ '.چ

ق� ن� �وف من" اللة الن�

حرف� ا7اده 'ب ا کلمة ا7 'اهرا ب �، ظ ان" �اب \ی ب 'ی،ب اف� 'ة ب Eش ی همی� ة مغت� 'ی، ب ب)' ان" عر '�ب ددر ر� 'مع اب 'ج

ة است� Eش�rی کË ر �ارسی ب �ان" ف '�ب ادی( درر� 'ب .)ا7» ت�ران" ��ل »اب Eن.م مده است� ا«ا7 �ا »ب �ر«ب ت� ی »ع� ة مغت� 'ارسی ب �»ا«درB ف حرف�

ا �«ب مان" دون" ر� 'ی »ب غت� �مان" «ت ا کلمة »ا+ر� �ی. و ب ��ب ا ��رب ر ا7 ت� ر اپ�راب��ی/ع� ت� =ع�

اد 'ب ا7

امت'ر ن� Ðن" ب ة است� کة اولی� وج' �ل ن 'اب �ة است� .ف ي� �ة کار رف 'گی و ...ب Eش همی�ر� ت� ��ی او ب �شماب ات' ا7 وده و کن� 'اد «ن 'ا » مهاب �اد« و ب 'ب امشE »ا7 �ان" هم ب ن� ��اپ�رابن" �ات� ای ن� Ô�ب ر� 'د ؟(در مورد ح Zت �ران" مخ' ر در ف ت�ر«)اصل کلمة اشاطت� ��»دشاب

ة 'ملة ب 'لف� ار� ج ت� گ های مخ� �رهن� ة ف 'صل است� ب لی مف� ن� �:کلمات� کة حده . 'د« ب 'ی »ا« +»ب غت� �« ت ان" �اب \ا ب �ی »ب ة مغت� 'د« ب 'کة »اب ن� ��ا امکان" اب لد�

ار� هم �غ ی ا7 'ی ب ة مغت� 'ده« ب 'ب هلوی کلمة »ا7 \ان" ب '�ب .در ر� اد است� ��ب ار ر� است� ی'سن�ة است� ي� �ة کار رف '.ب

ة احت�مال 'د، ب ن� ور عمان" کة مشلمان" هشی� Eسة در ک �ادب /غن' ان" ��ادب ة »غن' �رق� ة:ف کي� �ب�ی �ر اپ�راب امت' ن� Ðن" ب اد« اولی� 'ب ت�روان" »ا7 Ðان" « ،ب ��ادب 'ب ان" را ار� »ا7 Eمشوی اش ق�

د �ة اب ي� �.گرفل Eن�رار م ی ف ��اب من� ت� EکË ماده س �ن" کلمة کة ب �من" ای �وه،در ض ن� '،ح مات' کË،ست� 'ب ا7

ة '�راری «هم ب ده ف ن� 'ی »ب ة مغت� 'ی ب ب)' ی عر ارسی و حت� �وه است� در ف ن� 'حة '« ب ق� 'ن د »ا7 �داوب �ر را خ مت' غ� ی� Ðش ب �وی �رت� ن د حض� Zت �ران" مخ' کار می رود.در ف

ق� 'ن ا7

( ات� �گاه: شوره صاف �.ن ده است� �واب ��راری ج ده ف ن� 'ی ب ة37مغت� �ب ( ا7140

کة /کسن� دار� �ت� اب �ات' در جمام/شوح �ون" ب �/ن دار� �شE اب �rی /ا7 Eش �rی ول ا7 Ôسنمه ار� Eن" وار �ود.ای Eة می ش ي� ات' هم گق� �ن" ب د.گلخ� گة داری کن� �شE ب �rی د ار� ا7 �اب 'ب

ده است� Eی ش ب)' رکی وارد عر �ق� پ ن�� .طر

ی چ\ Eش �ی ا7

ة کار می رود 'ت�مان" ب �ده کة در شاح Eة ش ي� خ� \ت�B ت Eس �گrور/ح گ�ر /ا7 .ا7 ر 'ح ا7ة ي� خ� می� ة هم ا7 'ده/ ب Eاطی ش �لط/ف ت� لوط/مخ� /مخ� ن" گðی� ا7 ن" 'ح ا7

امورد در �ارسی و ب �ش ف اراست� . ار� همان" ا7 �ة اب ي� ی� Eت� ش �وعی درح �نmyrtle ده است� Eة ش ي� �سی گرف گلی� � .ان

ش ا7

صوص �ة ح 'ات' غالی)ب 'و،ب \ان �اهی/غالی ف Eضر ش �/ف /خکومت� /مرکر� ت� خ� ت� ��ب ا \ب�ی ها( �ماب Eتمان" غ ول در ر� ن' ��ب ا در اسن�

ة �اب سن� ا7

وب�ی ح' �گا: اشمات �ن وب�ی ح' �شمات ا7اه EاشE /ش 'اد ب Eة /ش 'ة ب 'ی ب ة مغت� 'ارسی،ب �ان" ف '�ب ن" در ر� ���ری ف همان" کلمة ا7 ار�

ق� است� �rن و Eس �ن" و ی خشی� �/کلمة ت Eاش '.بن" ���ری ف ا7

)ماده ی شرت' ة مغت� '(B ب Eگلادش ن� 'ان" وب اکسن� \د و ب ول شکة در هن� \ة)ن �ب ل ا7 Eنمدی(دارد ی )اپ�راب��ی-هن� ��ب ا ��رب ة ا7 Eش�rی نB" اسم ر �ی(/ای لر� �ف

Ëک �rب ا7

ی ب)' (/در عر ا رور� �مان" ب ا ر� �ت� ب �» وف ن" )ار� ا7 ار� +ا7ة کار می رود 'مان" ب ن" ر� پ��رور� /ار� ا7 ت� ا7 �ن" وف ی ا7 ة مغت� '-Aana.امرور� بis

د» Ôن «ðب ا7

ن" گاه /ار� ا7 ن" رور� /ار� ا7 ت� �ن" وف /ار� ا7 مان" ن" ر� ار� ا7 Ëاک د» ��ب ا7حرف� الف�

ن" دو کلمة در اصل �لم،کلمات� ای �rب م و پ�رکË و د لاف� ملل عرت' و عج' �پ'ر خادگان" اهر� E«)ش ان" ��ب ار� �وسط »ب �غد ها ن 'د کة ت ن� می هشی� �ðت د �هلوی ف \ارسی ب �ف

ان" ی« و اسن� \�راب �کË »شاپ �ها ب پ��رور� ان" کة ا7 ن" عری'سن� می� ة شرر� '�ی ب �ر اپ�راب 'مهاحد �ده اب Eی امرور� وارد ش ب)' ان" عر '�ب ة ر� 'ود(ب '.امت\راطوری اپ�ران" ن

Persian names /

ة 'ان" ب ة عری'سن� 'اد ب �ی پ�ر� �ان" اپ�راب ��ب ار� �رت� ب 'در مورد مهاحود Eغة ش 'ی مراج ار� �دا«،کلمة ب گ»دهخ� �رهن� .ف

ا '/اب ات'

( « ده ا7 Eی ش ب)' ات� عر ف� ی� Eس« و م م کلمة »ات' ���ران" کری مده117در ف ار ا7 '( ب( وشف� �لا شوره ن Eنة 129است� .م �ب گر78( ا7 �rب ة د �ب شE ار� صد ا7 Zی �و ب

الب' می �ده و در ف Eت' ش یB کة ا7 لر� �/ف ارسی است� �پ�rر� ف پ'ر ف� ا7 ق� اهرا مح� �ظة 'وت' ب ش مرغ� ن� '/خ ات' �رB ب الص/ر� �ی ظلای خ ة مغت� 'ی امرور� ب ب)' د.در عر �ب پ�rر� ر

کار می رود

پ�rر� اپ'ر

ة دست� می 'م ب Eش �rی ی کة ار� کرم اپ'ر ف� �rت ر �خ� های ط �/ت ارسی است� �م ف Eش �rی اپ'رد ن� ی درست� می کی» غت� ا صی� �ملی ب ح' �ل ت �گر وشاب �rب ة ها و د ارج\ \ن" ب د و ار� ا7 �ب .ا7

شم �rی اپ'ر( ا حرف� 'ب

ن" (شی�ة ا دسي� 'الی لولة دار ب رف� شف� �ة(/ط 'اب �اوه/ب ��وب ة)ا7 'اب ت� �ف «/ا7 پ�rر� پ'ر معرت' »ا7

د Zت ن" مخ' �را7 ق� است� در ف �ðن ار 'ن" اب ی ا7 ب)' مع عر 'ره . ج ت� ب�'ب� و ع� ر Eش، ت' پ'رای ا7ة �ب غة)18هم در ا7 �مده است�56 شوره واق ( ا7

ق� �ðن اپ'ر

ل Eنی م ��اب د� �وی غ ن' Eوس �ة های ج �صوص داب خ� 'ة« ت �ی »داب ةB مغت� 'ارسی.ب �ر ف مع پ'ر� 'جی غت� �ارسی ، ت �ارهم ف ده اپ'ر� Eی ش ب)' ن" است� کة اصل کلمة عر ت' ا7 ة«.عخ' �»ادوب

گ �rب ده در د �اب Eوش 'ارو موادB ج �ر� گ اف �rب ات� و د 'ة خ �ی ادوب ة مغت� 'ار« است� کة ب �ر� »اف

ار اپ'ر�

د( گ عمن� �رهن� گا.ف �.)ن است�ی پ'رای ت� ی� \ا خ �رگ مسی و ب رف� پ'ر� �،ط ت� Eس �ی ی غت� �ن" ت پ'ر� ده ا7 Eی ش ب)' عرن" ی ا7 ب)' مع عر 'ود)ج Eة می ش ي� گ هم گق� ن� Eس'ی ارسی ا7 �.در ف دن" 'وی ب Eس شی� Eس

) « است� ن" ار� '»اب

ن" اپ'ر�

ت�ر 'گا.»ب �«ن ت�ر '�ابمده است� خ" هم ا7 ��ی اپ�رت ب)' د(در عر گ عمن� �رهن� گا. ف �گ )ن الن� '،ب خ" ��رت �پ اپ�رج"

B)» ن" ی� �اب ��»اب ن" ی ا7 ب)' مع عر 'ارسی است� .)ج �ون" جمام« ف �ار� همان" »نة کار 'شE ب �rی ای ا7 'ور« ، »کوره« و خ ن� �« ،»ب اق� 'ی »اخ ة مغت� 'ی ب ب)' ه در عر امرور�

.می رود

ون" �ان

(پ'رای ب�rب� شکر �ی )شای ��ب ا ��رب م ا7 ��دی �ت� ف کË لغ� �اهرا معرت' »اگ« کة ب �ظگð« می ور� هم »ا7 دی و اردو هن� ان" های هن� '�ب .)در ر� شE است� �rی ا7

د( ن� �rب .گو

اج"

وران" �ان 'ة خ ای غلوق� '/خ دان" ور«/غلف� �ج ارسی »ا7 �ار� کلمة ف ور �اجر می رشد ، ظ� �ة ن 'ی ب ب)' لی عر ن� �اهر ح �ة ظ 'ن" کلمة کة ب �صور عموم ،ای �لاف� ن �ة خ 'ب اج�

Eش امی� ارسی کة »هخ� �« ف ،کلمة» اج� « ار� »هخ� هلوی است� \ارسی ب �اصلشE فة مغت�ی 'ا« ب �ا» هاخ �مده.)»کاکا«B ب دست� ا7 'ة است� ،ب Eش�rی ن" ر «هم ار� ا7

ل Eنوده است� م 'ف� ن ��ی عر �م حرف� »ها« حرف� ت ��دی �ارسی ف �پ'رادر( در فوده است� اما '« ن رر� رر� کة »هالت' «B والت' ان" ��اب « »هااکن' ان" «»هاگمن� »همدان"ور� هم ان" عت'ری هن� '�ب اده )در ر� ت� �ارسی اف �ف� ار� ف ��ی عر �مان" حرف� ت ة مرور ر� 'ب

ی غت� �ل ) ( ت Eنف� است� م ��ی عر �وان" حرف� ت ة غن� '»ها« بن" : ی ا7 « کة در اصل مغت� ة »اج� 'ده ب Eل ش ��دب ن' �« ب ن" »هخ� �اپ'رای ن� '.(ب ن" می� شرر�ة 'وده است� و کم کم ب 'ره ن ت� /همگام و ع� ان" ن' Zی ن� Eس\اور/کمکË/همراه/ی �ار/ب �ب

ن" کلمة و �ر� ای ت� �د ب Zت ن" مخ' �را7 ده است� )در ف Eل ش ��دب ن' �ی ب ی پ'رادر امرور� مغت�ن" ات� ا7 ف� ی� Eسن" در شوره97م ن" ا7 ��ری �. کة معروف� پ ده است� Eکرار ش �ار ب ' ب

( وشف� �ة 12ن �ب د ص63(ا7 ات\ هن� \ارسی خ \ام های ب �.()رکË ب است�156)

» اد است� ��ب کی ر� Zðب د ر» �ت� وپ ی »الق� ة مغت� 'ارسی ب �/در ف موب�بE اج�گا. �.)ن واهر است� �ی ج ة مغت� 'ی ب ی امرور� ب)' ش.در عر �و/موی همدم/همح�

ت� �اح

) اج�ة 'ی امرور� ب ب)' ده.در عر Eی ش ب)' ان" عر '�ب رکی وارد ر� �ان" پ '�ب ق� ر� ن�� ن" کلمة ار� طر �ای

ة کار می رود 'والب� ب �پ�rر� گاه،مشت�راج ون پ'ر ی ا7 مغت�ة �اب خ� '�ادت

کة( �rب گا. ار �.)ن اهی است� Eادش \ت� ب خ� �ی ت ة مغت� 'ارسی ب �کة؛ در ف �rب مع ار 'ج Ëک Ôارابة 'ة کار ب 'روع ب Eار� ش Eش Zی Ðولی کة ب \ها،ن 'شE ب Zی Ðة،ب �غاب ی� �ی ب ة مغت� '،ب ده ارمون" Eی ش ب)' عر

د دهن� ره من� ت� ة و ع� �اب �ا کارخ �.کارگر و بون" 'rن ار

واب��ی '�ی وارج �واب ارسی ارغ� �گ.در ف �کی رب Eرش ی ر� ة مغت� 'وان" ، ب ده ارغ� Eی ش ب)' عرد ن� �rب ( هم می گو ن" ی ا7 ب)' ط� عر لف� �.،)ب

وان" 'ارج

دن" Eمع ش 'ای ج 'ی خ ة مغت� 'ت�ر ب Eش Zی �ی امرور� ب ب)' د.در عر �ب ارسی می ا7 �ة ف 'ار� گردابة کار می رود 'ره ب ت� لات' و ع� �اص �اه ف \اهکË مشت�راج/خ \ت' /خ .ا7

ة 'اردب

ی ب)' ة ای دارد در عر Eش�rی می و ر ت�راکË اش Eارسی اس �« ف ن" ا »ارر� 'اهرا ب �امرور� وظة ') ( ب ا ارر� ن� ��ب گر د �rب ان" های د '�ب ی ر� ی و پ'رخ� ��اب ن� ��ب ا ی اسن\ ة میحت� ي� وراکی گق� �خ" ج ��پ'رت

وده 'د در اپ�ران" ن من� Eش ة ارر� �ن" داب �ة ای ف� اولي� Eست� و ک ود.ولی اصل لغ� Eش. وده است� 'طه ن 'ت�ره در همان" ران « و ع� ن" «و »ارر� ن" اسم »ارر� �اB پ'رای ن� '.ب است�

ارر�

ة کار می رود( 'گر» ارر� «است� ب �rب ط� د لف� �سی کة همان" ب گلی� �)در انمده ی است� ،ا7 ف� لات� معروف� موسی� کی ار� ا7 Zارسی کة ب �ون" ف ن� �ار� کلمة ارغد. Eاش 'ن" می ب ف� ا7 ق� ده است� و مح� Eة ش ي� �ن" کلمة گرف ر� ار� همی� ت� �.ارگ ب است�

د( ن� �rب سی می گو گلی� �)در ان

ن" �ارغ

) ون" ن� �ن" و ارغ �گا. ارغ �.)ن « است� ون" ن� �ی »ارغ ب)' ط� عر لف� �ب ول ارغ�اهی Eادش \ت� ب خ� �ی ت ة مغت� 'ارسی ب �کة ف �rب ار� همان" ار

ی ب)' کة در عر �rب مع ار 'د گاه. ج لن� 'ت�ی/ب گاه شلطی� �ان 'پ�rر/خ گ/شر �./اورب است�ة �ب در ا7 ر� ت� �د ب Eج'رن" م �را7 کË« است� کة درف Ô)31»اراب هف� مده18 شوره ک ( ا7

است�

کة �rب ار

ة 'و« ) ( ب ارسی »اسن� �ت� ف « ار� لغ� ت� Eس ن" »ر� ة ور� 'بی ة مغت� 'ت�ر ب Eش Zی �غلا ب �. ولی ق ومة و ...است� Eرن 'ة،ح شم،حي� '،ح ن" �،ی دن" 'ی :ب مغت�

ة 'ا ب ف� ی� �ی امرور� هم دف ب)' ة کار می رود . در عر '«ب ن" �rی گاه«و »شر من� ت� Eس �ل« ،»ی »کن\ا است� ن" مغن� .همی�

است�