PENGARUH KEBUDAYAAN DALAM PROSES PENDIDIKAN

8/17/2019 PENGARUH KEBUDAYAAN DALAM PROSES PENDIDIKAN

1/24

NKMKLK@

“TIEAKVY@ MIFYJKXKKE JKLKN TVC_I_ TIEJHJHMKE„

Jhsusue uetum ninieu`h Zuaks Tieaaketh YK_ Nktk mulhk` Jkskr-Jkskr Tiejhjhmke

Jhsusue Cli` 2

Eknk 2 Qhjhyk Kstuth

ETN 2 ;9;?!!;9

"u#usk$ 2 T%$jhjh&k$ 'hsh&k

'KMYL(K_ MIAYVYKE JKE HLNY TIEJHJHMKE

YEH)IV_H(K_ LKNTYEA

(K@YE !;9

;


2/24

MK(K TIEAKE(KV

Zirpubhlk` Kllk ,̀ jieake siaklk Minutlkmke-Eyk, Tieohptkke-Eyk,

mimukskke jke mimuktke-Eyk, Misuohke-Eyk, Minurk`ke-Eyk jke siaklk mi-

k`k-ke ykea `keyk hlhm-Eyk sinktk, ykea thkjk sisuktu mimuktke pue ykea

!hsk niekejheah-Eyk" Mikaueake, mi`#rnktke jke misibk`tirkke tirtubu pulk

mipkjk pin!k$k rhsklk`-Eyk, %ksulullk` &K'"

Kl`knjulhllk`, jieake siaklk miriejk`ke `kth, ktks rk`nkt jke mkruehk

ykea tilk` jh!irhmke Kllk` &'Z, pieulhs !ir`kshl nieyiliskhmke pieulhske

nkmklk` Jkskr-Jkskr Tiejhjhmke ykea !irbujul “Tieakru` Mi!ujkykke jklkn

Tr#sis Tiejhjhmke„" Zietu skbk nkmklk` heh nksh` ninhlhmh mitir!ktkske jklkn

!ir!kakh `kl" Cli` mkriek htu m#rimsh, skrke jke mrhthm nin!keaue jkrh pkrk

pin!kok kmke niebkjh piej#r#ea pieulhs uetum tirus nieirus nilkmumke

pir!khmke jke pieain!keake pkjk nksk-nksk ykea kmke jktkea"

Tkjk misinpktke heh buak pieulhs heahe nieyknpkhmke rksk `#rnkt jke

tirhnk mksh` ykea si!iskr-!iskreyk mipkjk j#sie pin!hn!hea ktk Mulhk`Jkskr-Jkskr Tiejhjhmke jke rimke-rimke nk`kshs$k jke m`ususeyk ykea siokrk

lkeasuea nin!irhmke j#r#eake jke jumueake ktks tirsiliskhmkeeyk nkmklk` heh"

Km`hreyk, jieake siaklk mili!h`ke jke milink`ke ykea tirjkpkt jklkn

nkmklk` heh, mrhthm jke skrke pieulhs `krkpmke uetum pir!khmke silkebuteyk"

(kejkrlknpuea, )* +keukrh *)

Tieulhs

6


3/24

JK'(KV H_H

MKZK T.E/KEZK% """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""*

JK4ZK% ;&; """"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""6

(K( ; T.EJK?:9:KE

K" 9ktkr (ilkmkea """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""7

(" %unuske ksklk` """""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""1

0" Zubuke"""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""1

(K( ;; T.(K?K&KE

K" Mi!ujkykke""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""

(" Tiejhjhmke""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""8

0" Tieakru` Mi!ujkykke jklkn Tr#sis Tiejhjhmke"""""""""""""""""

J" M#np#eie Mi!ujkykke ykea in!irhmke M#etrh!ush

pkjk M#np#eie Tiejhjhmke""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""""1

." Tirke Tiejhjhmke jklkn Tr#sis Ti$krhske Mi!ujkykke""""8

(K( ;;; M.&;T:9KE

JK4ZK% T:&ZKMK

?


4/24

FKF H

TIEJK@YLYKE

K* Lktk# F%+k&k$,

keushk si!kakh nkm`lum s#shkl, thjkm jkpkt siokrk hejh=hju, silklu

!irmiheaheke uetum theaakl !irsknk jieake hejh=hju-hejh=hju lkheeyk" Miheaheke

`hjup !irsknk heh tirutknk pkjk kmth=htks `hjup ykea !irù!ueake jieake

lheamueakeeyk" Jklkn niebk$k! tketkeake klkn, nkeushk sklhea !irù!ueake

sktu jieake ykea lkhe, si`heaak suktu nksykrkmkt jke kturke ykea nieyi!k!mke

suktu ù!ueake ketkr hejh=hju, hejh=hju jieake mil#np#m jke mil#np#m jieake

mil#np#m" Kjkeyk e#rnk-e#rnk, kjkt hsthkjkt, mipirokykke jklkn suktu

nksykrkmkt, sinukeyk !irù!ueake jieake misihn!keake" Kakr tirohptk suktu

ù!ueake ykea sirksh, !khm jklkn pieail#lkke klkn nkupue jklkn ù!ueake

s#shkl" ilh`kt ù!ueake tirsi!ut nkmk mi!ujkykke niebkjh nimkehsni m#etr#l

!kah milkmuke nkeushk"

Kjkeyk tketkeake klkn jke risp#e nksykrkmkt, nieakmh!ktmke

mi`hjupke heh !irmin!kea niebkjh nksykrkmkt niebkjh jheknhs" &ithkp skkt

thn!ul !ir!kakh pinhmhrke uetum nin!irhmke risp#e tir`kjkp tketkeake klkn

tirsi!ut" Jheknhmk nksykrkmkt nin!irhmke misinpktke mi!ujkykke uetum

!irmin!kea" &i`heaak siokrk sheamkt jkpkt jhmktkmke !k`$k thjkm kjk

mi!ujkykke tkepk nksyrkmkt, jke thjkm kjk nksykrkmkt tkepk mi!ujkykke si!kakh

$kjk` piejumuea" &i`heaak jkpkt jhmktkmke !k`$k mi!ujkykke jke nksykrkmktnirupkmke sktu misktuke shstin"

Tiejhjhmke siokrk prkmths tkm jkpkt jhphsk`mke jieake ehlkh-ehlkh

!ujkyk" Jklkn niebkak jke nilistkrhmke mi!ujkykke siejhrh, siokrk pr#sis

nketrkes


5/24

Zubuke piejhjhmke pue kjklk` nilistkrhmke jke silklu nieheamktmke

mi!ujkykke htu siejhrh, jieake kjkeyk piejhjhmkelk` mhtk !hsk nietrkes

6" (kakhnkek pieakru` mi!ujkykke jklkn pr#sis piejhjhmke>

.* (u/uk$

Kjkpue tubuke jklkn pieulhske nkmklk` heh kjklk` uetum 2

" ieaitkùh pieairthke mi!ujkykke"

*" ieaitkùh pieairthke piejhjhmke"

6" ieaitkùh pieakru` mi!ujkykke jklkn pr#sis piejhjhmke"

9


6/24

FKF HH

TINFK@K_KE

K* M%4ujkykk$

Mktk „mi!ujkykke„ !irkskl jkrh 5!k`ksk &kesimirtk3 !ujjkyk` ykea

nirupkmke !ietum bknkm jkrh mktk “!uj`h„ ykea !irkrth !ujh ktku kmkl"

Mi!ujkykke jhkrthmke si!kakh “`kl-`kl ykea !irskeamutke jieake !ujh ktku kmkl„"

ieurut M#ietbkrkehearkt , mi!ujkykke kjklk` misiluru`ke nkeushk jkrh

milkmuke jke `kshl ykea `krus jhjkpktmkeeyk jieake !ilkbkr, jke sinuk htu

tirsusue jklkn mi`hjupke nksykrkmkt" &iekjk jieake M#ietbkrkehearkt kjklk`

kpk ykea jhji


7/24

siekea, titkph nilhputh in#sh, siesksh, nkupue siaklk sisuktu ykea jkpkt

jhrkskmke, sipirth hrknk pir`kthke jke tiakea thjkmeyk phmhrke, mitiakeake jke

misketkhke !kjkehk` ykea jkpkt jhmurkeah #li` shmkp nietkl jke !ir!kakh nkokn

miahktke akn!krke 5hnkahekth#e3, rksk `un#r ykea tirjkpkt pkjk sisi#rkea jke

si!kakheyk" Jieake mktk lkhe mi!ujkykke nirupkmke imsprish p#lk rksk ykea

nirupkmke `kshl misiluru`ke !ujh jke jkyk nksykrkmkt ykea !irsh


8/24

!. Krti"km (mkr#k)

Krti


9/24

pieaiejklhke jhrh, miprh!kjhke, mioirjkske, km`lkm nulhk, sirtk mitrknphlke ykea

jhpirlumke jhrheyk, nksykrkmkt, !keask, jke Eiakrk

Jkrh !ir!kakh pieairthke piejhjhmke tirsi!ut, jkpkt jhpir#li`

pieairthke piejhjhmke kjklk` suktu pr#sis pirmin!keake pkjk kekm ykea

jhlkmumke #li` #rkea ji$ksk ktku piejhjhm !khm nilkluh piejhjhmke


10/24

&ijkeamke uetum nieain!keamke m#np#eie tirsi!ut jhpirlumke m#np#eie

mi!ujkykke kakr pr#sis piejhjhmke sisukh jieake pieaknklke pkeokshlk"

.j$krj (" Zyl#r jklkn mkrykeyk ITrhnhth=i 0ulturiI 5jklkn

&uprhy#m#" *))63 nieulhs mi!ujkykke ninpueykh thak m#np#eie strktiahs, ykhtu

si!kakh tktk mi`hjupke 5#rjir3, suktu pr#sis 5pr#oiss3 , sirtk !ir=hsh tirtietu

5a#kls3, ksh` nieurut Zyl#r, thjkm kjk pr#sis piejhjhmke tkepk mi!ujkykke jke

tkepk kjkeyk nksykrkmkt si!klhmeyk thjkm kjk mi!ujkykke jklkn pieairthke

pr#sis tkepk kjkeyk piejhjhmke" &inietkrk htu Z`i#j#ri (rknilj jklkn

mkrykeyk “0ulturkl 4#uejkth#e #< .juokth#e„ 5jklkn &uprhy#m#" *))63

nieyktkmke kjkeyk mitirmkhtke ykea irkt ketkrk piejhjhmke jieake mi!ujkykke

!irmiekke jieake sktu uruske ykea sknk, jklkn `kl heh hklk` pieain!keake ehlkh"

ieurut J%" &k`hG &knkAke jklkn kl-&ykh!key 5D8D3 piejhjhmke kjklk`

piejhjhmke ykmeh miahktke ykea jhlkmumke #li` piejhjhm-piejhjhm jke


11/24

jhjkskrmke pkjk pr#arkn piejhjhmke siokrk


12/24

4ueash piejhjhmke jklkn m#etims mi!ujkykke jkpkt jhlh`kt jklkn

pirmin!keake miprh!kjhke nkeushk" Zkepk miprh!kjhke nkeushk thjkm kjk

mi!ujkykke, nismhpue mi!ujkykke !umkelk` simkjkr bunlk` miprh!kjhke-

miprh!kjhke" Tkrk pkmkr ketr#p#l#ah, nieuebum mipkjk pirkeke hejh=hju !umke

`keyk si!kakh !hjkm-!hjkm jh jklkn pkpke oktur mi!ujkykke" ;ejh=hju kjklk`

orikt#r jke simklhaus nkehpulkt#r mi!ujkykkeeyk" Jh jklkn `kl heh stujh

mi!ujkykke nieainumkmke pieairthke “si!k!-kmh!kt shrmulir„ ykea !irkrth

!k`$k ketkrk miprh!kjhke jke mi!ujkykke tirjkpkt suktu hetirkmsh ykea sklhea

nieauetueamke"

Jh jklkn pirmin!keake miprh!kjhke jhpirlumke mi!ujkykke jke

sitiruseyk mi!ujkykke kmke jkpkt !irmin!kea nilkluh miprh!kjhke@miprh!kjhke

tirsi!ut" ?kl heh nieuebummke mipkjk mhtk !k`$k piejhjhmke !umke sinktk-nktk

trkesnhsh mi!ujkykke siokrk pksh< titkph pirlu nieain!keamke miprh!kjhke ykea

mrikth


13/24

!" Mi!ujkykke niej#r#ea siokrk skjkr ktkupue thjkm skjkr kmke rikmsh-

rikmsh pirhlkmu tirtietu" +kjh silkhe mi!ujkykke nilitkmmke m#ejhsh, ykea tirkm`hr

heh mi!ujkykke nirupkmke pirkeaskea-pirkeaskea uetum tir!ietumeyk pirhlkmu-

pirhlkmu tirtietu"

o" Mi!ujkykke ninpueykh shstin “ri$krj kej puehs`niet„ tir`kjkp

pirhlkmu-pirhlkmu tirtietu" &ithkp mi!ujkykke kmke niej#r#ea suktu !ietum

pirhlkmu ykea sisukh jieake systin ehlkh jklkn mi!ujkykke tirsi!ut jke

si!klhmeyk nin!irhmke `umunke tir`kjkp pirhlkmu-pirhlkmu ykea !irtietkeake

ktku nieaushm mitietrknke `hjup suktu nksykrkmkt !ujkyk tirtietu"

j" Mi!ujkykke oiejiruea nieaulkea !ietum-!ietum milkmuke tirtietu

nilkluh pr#sis !ilkbkr"

Kpk!hlk keklhshs /hllhe jh ktks mhtk oirnkth, tknpkm !itkpk pirkeke

mi!ujkykke jklkn pin!ietumke miprh!kjhke nkeushk, nkmk pieakru`

ketr#p#l#ah tir`kjkp m#esip pin!ietumke miprh!kjhke buak kmke tknpkm jieake

bilks" Zirutknk !kah pkrk pkmkr klhrke !i`k=h#rhsni, nilh`kt kjkeyk suktu

rkeaskeake mi!ujkykke tir`kjkp pieain!keake miprh!kjhke nkeushk" Tkjk

jkskreyk pieakru` mi!ujkykke tir`kjkp pin!ietumke miprh!kjhke tirsi!ut

si!kakhnkek jhmuthp Zhlkkr 5DDD3 jkpkt jhlumhsmke si!kakh !irhmut"

k" Miprh!kjhke kjklk` suktu pr#sis" &ipirth ykea tilk` mhtk lh`kt

mi!ujkykke buak nirupkmke suktu pr#sis" ?kl heh !irkrth ketkrk prh!kjh jke

mi!ujkykke tirjkpkt suktu jheknhmk" Zietueyk jheknhmk tirsi!ut !umkelk` suktu

jheknhmk ykea #t#nkths titkph ykea nueoul jkrh kmt#r jke nkehpulkt#r jkrh

hetirkmsh tirsi!ut hklk` nkeushk"

!" Miprh!kjhke ninpueykh mitirkrk`ke jklkn pirmin!keake uetum

nieokpkh suktu nhsh tirtietu" Mitirkrk`ke pirmin!keake tirsi!ut tietueyk thjkmtirbkjh jh jklkn rukea m#s#ea titkph jklkn suktu nksykrkmkt nkeushk ykea

!ir!ujkyk"

o" Jklkn pirmin!keake miprh!kjhke sklk` sktu


14/24

!kakhnkek mi`hjupke mi!ujkykke nkeushk kpk!hlk sithkp mklh `krus jhnulkh jkrh

e#l"

j" Miprh!kjhke nieakj#psh siokrk `krn#ehs tubuke `hjup jklkn

nksykrkmkt kakr hk jkpkt `hjup jke !irmin!kea" Zietueyk nkeushk htu jkpkt skbk

nieietkea tubuke `hjup ykea kjk jh jklkn nksykrkmkteyk, eknue jinhmhke htu

!irkrth sisi#rkea kmke nilk$ke krus jh jklkn pirmin!keake `hjupeyk" Okea

pklhea i


15/24

keushk ktku prh!kjh kjklk` kmt#r jke simklhaus nkehpulkt#r

mi!ujkykkeeyk" Jieake jinhmhke, mi!ujkykke !umkelk` sisuktu iethty ykea

stkths titkph sisuktu ykea tirus-nieirus !iru!k`" :etum nin!umthmke `kl tirsi!ut

nkrhlk` mhtk lh`kt =krhk!il-=krhk!il trkesnhsh mi!ujkykke ykea jhminumkmke #li`

4#rtis jklkn M#ietb#r#ehearkt 5DD3"

Jh jklkn trkesnhsh tirsi!ut mhtk lh`kt thak uesur utknk ykhtu, 53

uesur-uesur ykea jhtrkesnhsh, 5*3 pr#sis trkesnhsh, jke 563 okrk trkesnhsh" :esur-

uesur mi!ujkykke nkekmk` ykea jhtrkesnhsh> Tirtknk-tknk tietueyk uesur-uesur

tisi!ut hklk` ehlkh-ehlkh !ujkyk, kjkt-hsthkjkt nksykrkmkt, pkejkeake nieaiekh

`hjup sirtk !ir!kakh m#esip `hjup lkheeyk ykea kjk jh jklkn nksykrkmkt"

&ilkebuteyk !ir!kakh mi!hkskke s#shkl ykea jhauekmke jklkn hetirkmsh ktku

pirakulke pkrk keaa#tk jh jklkn nksykrkmkt tirsi!ut"

Zrkesnhsh uesur-uesur thjkm jkpkt !irbklke jieake siejhrheyk" &ipirth

tilk` jhminumkmke nkeushk kjklk` kmt#r jke nkehpulkt#r jklkn mi!ujkykkeeyk"

Cli` si!k! htu, uesur-uesur tirsi!ut `krus jhhjieth


16/24

Mi!ujkykke jhtkrkesnhshmke jkrh sktu aieirksh mi aieirksh ykea

!irhmuteyk" keushk ktku prh!kjh kjklk` kot#r jke simklhaus nkehpulkt#r

mi!ujkykkeeyk" Jieake jinhmhke mi!ujkykke !umkelk` sisuktu “iethty„ ykea

stkths titkph sisuktu ykea tirus-nieirus !iru!k`" Hkrhk!il-=krhk!il trkesnhsh

mi!ujkykke ykea jhminumkmke #li` 4#rtis tirjkpkt 6 uesur utknk, ykhtu2

k" :esur-uesur ykea jhtrkesnhsh"

!" Tr#sis trkesnhsh"

o" 0krk trkesnhsh"

:esur-uesur mi!ujkykke ykea jhtrkesnhsh, ykhtu2

3 Ehlkh-ehlkh !ujkyk, kjkt hsthkjkt nksykrkmkt, pkejkeake nieaiekh `hjup

sirtk !ir!kakh m#esip `hjup lkheeyk ykea kjk jh jklkn nksykrkmkt"

*3 Mi!hkskke s#shkl ykea jhauekmke jklkn hetirkmsh ktku pirakulke pkrk

keaa#tk jh jklkn nksykrkmkt tirsi!ut" (ir!kakh shmkp sirtk pirkeke ykea

jhpirlumke jklkn juehk pirakulke"

63 Tr#sis trkesnhsh nilhputh pr#sis-pr#sis hnhtksh, hjieth


17/24

J* Mn6$%$ M%4ujkykk$ yk$, N%n4%#h&k$ M$t#h4ush 6kjk

Mn6$%$ T%$jhjh&k$

M#np#eie mi!ujkykke ykea nin!irhmke m#etrh!ush pkjk m#np#eie

piejhjhmke ketkrk lkhe jklkn `kl 2

;. Zubuke %iejhjhmke

Mi!ujkykke nin!irhmke pieakru` pkjk pin!ietumke Zubuke

piejhjhmke" Kjkpue tubuke piejhjhmke tirsi!ut jkpkt jhlh`kt jklkn murhmulun

piejhjhmke ykea tirbk!kr nulkh jkrh2 tubuke eksh#ekl 5::J D713, tubuke

pin!keaueke eksh#ekl jklkn shstin piejhjhmke eksh#ekl, tubuke hesthtush#ekl

5jklkn lin!kak piejhjhmke3, tubuke murhmulir 5thkp !hjkea stujh pilkbkrkeB

mulhk`3, tubuke hestrumhs#ekl 5stkejkr m#npitiesh jke m#npitiesh jkskr3" Jieake

jinhmhke tirlh`kt !k`$k tubuke piejhjhmke htu sinukeyk !irsun!ir pkjk

Tkeokshlk jke ::J D71"

Tieakru` mi!ujkykke pkjk tubuke piejhjhmke !irtunpu pkjk pin!keaueke

eksh#ekl" Tin!keaueke eksh#ekl ykhtu pieaknklke pkeokshlk" &ijkeamke tubuke

pin!keaueke eksh#ekl kjklk` nin!keaue nksykrkmkt ;ej#eishk ykea kjhl jke

nkmnur si!kakhnkek ykea jh knkek`mke jklkn pin!umkke ::J 71"

6. Tisirtk jhjhm

Kekm !umkelk` si#rkea ji$ksk, si!k! htu kekm ninhlhmh sh


18/24

ehlkh-ehlkh ykea jhtrkes


19/24

nieokpkh tubuke pin!ilkbkrke" &ijkeamke misiehke nilkth` pkrk pisirtk jhjhm

uetum !ir


20/24

7" Tieykrhea2 :etum nieykrhea !ujkyk !keask siejhrh jke !ujkyk !keask lkhe

ykea thjkm sisukh jieake ehlkh-ehlkh !ujkyk jke mkrkmtir !keask ykea

!irnkrtk!kt"

1" ieun!u`min!keamke sinkeakt mi!ujkyk !keask"

Zubuke piejhjhmke !ujkyk kjklk`2

" ieain!keamke p#tiesh mkl!uBeurkehBk


21/24

li!h` !khm, ykhtu $krak eiakrk ykea ninhlhmh minknpuke, minkuke, jke

nieirkpmke ehlkhehlkh Tkeokshlk jklkn mi`hjupkeeyk si!kakh $krak eiakrk"

6" (ujkyk2 si!kakh suktu mi!iekrke !k`$k thjkm kjk nkeushk ykea `hjup

!irnksykrkmkt ykea thjkm jhjkskrh #li` ehlkh-ehlkh !ujkyk ykea jhkmuh

nksykrkmkt htu" Ehlkh-ehlkh !ujkyk htu jhbkjhmke jkskr jklkn pin!irhke nkmek

tir`kjkp suktu m#esip jke krth jklkn m#nuehmksh ketkrkeaa#tk nksykrkmkt htu"

T#shsh !ujkyk ykea jinhmhke piethea jklkn mi`hjupke nksykrkmkt

niea`krusmke !ujkyk niebkjh sun!ir ehlkh jklkn piejhjhmke !ujkyk jke

mkrkmtir !keask"

7" Zubuke Tiejhjhmke Eksh#ekl2 si!kakh runuske muklhtks ykea `krus jhnhlhmh

sithkp $krak eiakrk ;ej#eishk, jhmin!keamke #li` !ir!kakh sktuke piejhjhmke

jh !ir!kakh biebkea jke bklur" Zubuke piejhjhmke eksh#ekl ninukt !ir!kakh

ehlkh minkeushkke ykea `krus jhnhlhmh $krak eiakrk ;ej#eishk" Cli` mkriek

htu, tubuke piejhjhmke eksh#ekl kjklk` sun!ir ykea pklhea #pirksh#ekl jklkn

pieain!keake piejhjhmke !ujkyk jke mkrkmtir !keask"

(irjkskrmke miinpkt sun!ir ehlkh htu, tirhjieth


22/24

8" Ehlkh Jin#mrkths ykhtu 0krk !ir


23/24

FKF HHH

MI_HNTYLKE

Jkrh pin!k`kske jh ktks jkpkt jhshnpulmke !k`$k 2

" Tieairthke nieaiekh krth mi!ujkykke kjklk` misiluru`ke milkmuke

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