1 Pengantar Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Materi Kuliah Sessi ke-1 Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Program Pasca Sarjana, Magister Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama) Dosen: Ir. Mas Wigrantoro Roes Setiyadi, SE, MSi., MPP
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Pengantar Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi Dan Komunikasi Teknologi Informasi dan... · Informasi Dan Komunikasi Materi Kuliah Sessi ke-1 Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
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1
Pengantar
Perkembangan Teknologi
Informasi Dan Komunikasi
Materi Kuliah Sessi ke-1
Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
Program Pasca Sarjana, Magister Ilmu Komunikasi
Universitas Prof. Dr. Moestopo (Beragama)
Dosen: Ir. Mas Wigrantoro Roes Setiyadi, SE, MSi., MPP
2
Topik Pembahasan
• Evolusi Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi
• Pengertian Teknologi Informasi, Sistem
Informasi dan Manajemen Informasi
• Manfaat Teknologi Informasi dan Sistem
Informasi
• Konvergensi Teknologi Informasi dan
Komunikasi
• Permasalahan Etika
3
Evolusi Teknologi Informasi dan
Komunikasi
4
Evolusi Teknologi Informasi dan
Komunikasi
ERA 1
ERA 2
ERA 3
ERA 4
1990
1980
1970
�Focus of Philosophy�Administrative Framework�Primary Target�Justification/Purposes
5
Computer Technology Era
AdministrativeFramework
Focus ofPhilosophy
PrimaryTarget
JustificationPurposes
DATA
PROCESSING ORGANIZATIONAL
PRODUCTIVITY
EFFICIENCY
REGULATED
MONOPOLY
6
Information Technology Era
END-USER
COMPUTING
FREE
MARKET INDIVIDUAL EFFECTIVENESS
AdministrativeFramework
Focus ofPhilosophy
PrimaryTarget
JustificationPurposes
7
Information System Era
STRATEGIC
SYSTEM
REGULATED
FREE MARKET
BUSINESS
PROCESS
COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE
AdministrativeFramework
Focus ofPhilosophy
PrimaryTarget
JustificationPurposes
8
Global Information System Era
BUSINESS
TRANSFORMATION
ENABLER GLOBALIZATION
DYNAMIC
SYSTEM ADAPTIVITY
AdministrativeFramework
Focus ofPhilosophy
PrimaryTarget
JustificationPurposes
9
Trends of ICT
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Pengertian Teknologi Informasi,
Sistem Informasi dan Manajemen
Informasi
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What is IT? Examples of IT
• websites;
• software applications such as instructional and office software;
• telecommunications products such as conventional telephones and cell phones;
• multimedia content such as that found on DVDs, videotapes, broadcast and cable TV; and
• self-contained, closed products such as copiers, fax machines, or information kiosks.
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Domain Komputer, TI, dan SI
INFORMATION SYSTEM
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
COMPUTER
HARDWARE SOFTWARE
Organization
Management
Human Resources
Processes
People and Culture
Standards and Procedures
Rules and Policy
Cost and
Investment
Strategic
Business
Plan
Macro
Environment
Outsourcing
Research and
DevelopmentProducts and Services
Market and
Customers
PC Desktop Operating System
InternetIntranet
Extranet
Database
Applications
Notebook and Palmtop
Programming Languages
Printer
ModemMultimedia
Workgroup
Computing
Data Mining
Decision Support
System
Digital Nervous
SystemISDN, VSAT
Infrastructure
Electronic
Commerce
Electronic
Data
Interchange
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Definisi TI
• Teknologi informasi adalah suatu teknik untuk mengumpulkan, menyiapkan, menyimpan, memproses, mengumumkan, menganalisa, dan menyebarkan informasi.
• Komputer adalah alat pemroses data elektronik, magnetik, optikal, atau sistem yang melaksanakan fungsi logika, aritmatika, dan penyimpanan.
• Informasi elektronik adalah sekumpulan data elektronik yang diantaranya meliputi teks, simbol, gambar, tanda-tanda, isyarat, tulisan, suara, bunyi, dan bentuk-bentuk lainnya.
Peran dan Manfaat ICTInformation and communications technology carries on high promise both in human and economic terms.
Benefits could be obtained in:
•• EducationEducation
•• Job training Job training
•• Health careHealth care
•• Food securityFood security
•• Environment managementEnvironment management
•• Government efficiencyGovernment efficiency
And specifically in Science and Technology:
•• Speed up dissemination of scientific results worldSpeed up dissemination of scientific results world--wide wide through scientific knowledge sharing and exchangethrough scientific knowledge sharing and exchange
•• Allows to set up of Virtual Labs for communications and Allows to set up of Virtual Labs for communications and remote instrument controlremote instrument control
• Telematika berhubungan dengan apa yang Anda baca, dengar, lihat, dan ketahui melalui sekumpulan aktivitas yang meliputi mengumpulkan, menganalisa, mencetak, dan menyajikan informasi dalam bentuk tulisan, gambar, suara, dan lain sebagainya. Contoh: memirsa TV, menyimak informasi pada website; membaca isi CD-ROM, mengakses database.
People
• Telematika membentuk apa yang Anda ketahui, menjadi media dengan siapa Anda berkomunikasi. Komunikasi dengan sesama individu, atau berbeda kelompok: one to one, one to many, many to many, one to millions. Contoh: Penerbitan; penyiaran; berbicara melalui (video)phone; mengirim facsimili; mengirim surat, e-mail, telekonference, dll.
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Dimensi TIK-2
Layanan
• Telematika mempengaruhi perilaku produktivitas dan konsumsi masyarakat. Hal ini dilakukan melalui aktivitas transaksi elektronik dan layanan elektronik. Contoh: Pay-per-view TV; electronic banking and shopping, perpanjangan ijin melalui Internet, booking pesawat udara melalui telepon atau Internet, dll.
Teknologi
• Telematika menyediakan akses kepada sarana informasilainnya, melalui aktivitas membuat dan memanfaatkan peralatan, teknik, dan pengetahuan untuk mengakses peralatan Telematika lainnya. Contoh: Modem menghubungkan komputer dengan jaringan, Internet dan infrastruktur informasi lainnya. Penyedia Telematika mendukung layanan akses Internet, e-mail
dan lain – lain.
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Global Trend• The need for better, faster,
and cheaper in sharing
information and
communications among
individuals and organizations
• The need to support people
who are working together, both
in same and dispersed
locations.
• Information and Comunication
Technology (ICT / Telematika)
enables people increasing
productivity.
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Demam “e-”
• E-business
• E-commerce
• E-government
• Lantas apa bedanya dengan SI/TI dan “e”
• Adakah perbedaan dalam mengelolanya?
• Yang membuat Internet signifikan:– Pervasive
– Interactive
– Media penghubung banyak pihak
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e-Business Infrastructure
TelephoneNetwork
InternetNetwork
Cache Server
Proxy Cache
VPN
Firewall
Router
CTI Server
LAN Switch
IVR
Voicemail
Call Server
Media Gateway
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Permasalahan Etika
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Ethical Issues
• Privacy– What information about oneself should an individual be required to
reveal to others?
– What kind of surveillance can an employer use on its employees?
– What information about individuals should be kept in databases,
and how secure is the information there?
• Accuracy
– Who is responsible for the authenticity, fidelity, and accuracy of
information collected?
– How can we ensure that information will be processed properly and
presented accurately to users?
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… Ethical Issues
• Property– Who owns the information?
– What are the fair prices for its exchange?
– Who owns the channels of information?
– How should one handle software piracy?
– Can corporate computers be used for private purposes?
• Accessibility– Who is allowed to access information?
– What information does a person or an organization have a right or a
privilege to obtain – under what condition and with what
safeguards?
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Pengaruh Terhadap Organisasi
• Flatter organizational hierarchies – The fact shows different result, why??
• Increased staff-to-line workers ratio– The pyramid structure is no longer suitable
• Establishment of new special organization unit– For example E-Commerce unit
• Increased power and status of the IT staff– Those who control information
• Changes in career path– Especially for “IT literate” employee
• Changes in supervision– From traditional to electronic supervision
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Impacts on Individual & Society
• Individual
– Decreased job satisfaction
• Some jobs may become more routine and less satisfying
– Dehumanization and psychological impacts
• Human vs. machine issues
– Impacts on health and safety
• Job stress and repetitive strain injuries
• Society
– Opportunities for people with disabilities
– Improved quality of life (do you agree???)
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IT Development Trends
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Ubiquitous Information AccessUbiquitous Information Access